• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this research was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of Natural Killer(NK)-92 cell and Snake Venom, and to elucidate its mechanism on human lung carcinoma cell A549. Methods : In order to figure out whether Snake Venom enhances the cytotoxic effect of NK-92 cell in A549 cell, Cell Viability Assay was conducted. Also, in order to observe the changes of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8, both of which are proteinases that advance apoptosis, and the changes of TNRF and DR3, which are Death Receptors of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, Western Blot Analysis was conducted. By conducting RT-PCR analysis, we have tried to confirm Perforin, Granzyme B, and GADPH, all of which are cytotoxic-related proteins. Lastly, in order to observe the effect of Snake Venom on NO formation within human lung carcinoma cells, NO determination was conducted. Results : 1. After conducting Cell Viability Assay, Snake Venom enhanced the cytotoxic effect of NK-92 cell and inhibited the growth of A549. 2. Western Blot Analysis caused proteinases Caspase-3 and Caspase-8, which advance apoptosis, to increase in the combined treatment group, but not in treatment groups that focused only on either Snake Venom or NK-92 cell in A549 lung carcinoma cells. 3. Western Blot Analysis caused an expression of TNFR2 and DR3, both of which are Death Receptors of the apoptosis extrinsic pathway, in the combined treatment group, but not intreatment groups that focused only on either Snake Venom or NK-92 cell in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. 4. After conducting NO determination, NO formation within A549 cell showed no significant changes in both treatment groups that focused NK-92 cell and combined treatment group. 5. After conducting RT-PCR, the expression of Granzyme B and Perforin, which are cytotoxic-related proteins within A549 human lung carcinoma cells, showed growth in the combined treatment group, but not the treatment group that focused only on NK-92 cell. Conclusion : It has been indicated that, when it comes to the A549 cell, Snake Venom enhances the increase of Death Receptor expression and continuous apoptosis reaction, leading to the enhancement of the cancer cell cytotoxic effect of the NK-92 cell. It is expected that Snake Venom can be used with the NK-92 cell for further lung cancer treatment.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2009

To determine the cytotoxic activity of natural compounds, chromatographic separation of the hexanesoluble fraction from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum led to the isolation of four steroids and one triterpenoid. They were identified as ergosterol peroxide (1), stella sterol (2), ergosterol (3), 9(11)-dehydroergostrol peroxide (4), and ganodermanontriol (5) based on spectroscopic evidence and physicochemical properties. These compounds were examined for their cytotoxic activity against HL-60, MCF-7, and LLC cancer cell lines. Ganodermanontriol (5) showed cytotoxic activity with IC$_{50}$ values of 24.8 and 22.9 $\mu$g/mL against HL-60 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, respectively, whereas compounds 1 - 4 were inactive.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.889-895
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• 2006

Cytotoxic effects of extracts from Tremella fuciformis strain FB001 were evaluated on the DLD-1 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line and the content of polyphenolic compounds in the extracts were analyzed. Hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate subfractions (experimental setting I) exhibited cytotoxic effects on the human colon adenocarcinoma DLD-1 cell line with $IC_{50}$ values of 350, 400, and 450 ppm, respectively. When T. fuciformis was extracted sequentially with ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and ethanol (experimental setting II), the ether extract demonstrated potent cytotoxicity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 150 ppm, followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions. If the first extraction solvent was chloroform instead of ether (experimental setting III), exposure of the cell line to chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ether extracts at 1,000 ppm led to cell death. High levels of phenolic compounds were estimated for all hydrophobic extracts, which exhibited cytotoxic effects. We propose that this useful information gives additional support to our understanding of the biology and utility of this particular mushroom.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 1995

MeOH extract of the leaves of Xanthium strumarium L. were found to have cytotoxic activities against five human tumor cell lines. Cytotoxicity-guided chromatographic fractionation led to the isolation of the ${\alpha}-methylene$ containing sesquiterpenes, xanthatin, 8-epi-xanthatin and 8-epi-tomentosin. 8-epi-Xanthatin was found to be far more cytotoxic than 8-epi-tomentosin, which lacks the conjugated enone moiety present in 8-epi-xanthatin.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.211-213
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• 2001

A coumestan derivative, psoralidin (1) was found to be a cytotoxic principle of the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L (Leguminosae) with the IC_{50}$ values of 0.3 and 0.4 ug/ml against the HT-29 (colon) and MCF-7 (breast) human cancer cell lines, respectively. A coumarin, angelicin (2) was also isolated as a marginally cytotoxic agent along with an inactive compound, psoralene (3) from the plant. The isolates 1-3 were not active against the A54l(lung) and HepG2 (liver hepatoma) cancer cell lines.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2019

From the pericarps of Litsea japonica (Thunb.) Jussieu, eighteen butanolide derivatives (1 - 18) were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against HeLa, HL-60, and MCF-7 cells. Compounds 1-9 with 2-alkylidene-3-hydroxy-4-methylbutanolides structure exhibited cytotoxic activities against cancer-cell lines. Among them, compound 8 (litsenolide $D_2$) exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines, including HeLa, HL-60, and MCF-7, with $IC_{50}$ values of $17.6{\pm}1.3$, $4.2{\pm}0.2$, and $12.8{\pm}0.0{\mu}M$, respectively. Compound 8 induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (PI) double staining confirmed that 8 effectively induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. To the best of our knowledge, we have reported cytotoxic activity of butanolides from L. japonica against these cancer-cell lines for the first time.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.223-228
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• 1989

Natural killer (NK) cells are a heteroguneous subpopulation of lymphocytes that spontaneously exhibit cytotoxic activity against various virus-Infected and neoplastic target cells without prior exposure to a specific antigen. It was thought that NK calls play an important role in immunosurvrillanre against viral agents and tumors, and in prevention of metastasis. Recently, several reports have indicated evidence that ginseng extracts show a significant stimulatory effect on the humoral and cellular immune responses. This evidence gives support to the suggestion that the anticarcinogenic effect of ginseng may be due to the effect of ginseng on the immunological system. Treatment with total, diol, and triol saponin resulted in an increase in NK cytotoxic activity, but no enhancement of the lytic activity due to the natural killer cytotoxic factor (NKCF). Therefore, these results suggest that the augmentation of NK activity by ginseng saponin fractions may not be due to the activation of NKCF lytic activity.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2001

The Cytotoxic activity of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of Perilla frutescens on human oral epithelioid carcinoma cell lines was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazalium bromide (MTT) colorimetric method. The light microscopic study was carried out to observe the morphological changes of cultured human oral epitheloid carcinoma cell lines (KB) These results were obtained as follows; 1. subfraction 1 of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of perilla frutescens was shown significant cytotoxic activity (p<0.001) at 10-2 mg/ml concentration, this concentration was decreased the cytotoxic activity of 70.3% . 2. The comparison of IC50 values of various subfractions in human oral epithelioid carcinoma cell lines was exhibited that their susceptibility to these subfractions decreased in the following order ; subfraction 5 > subfraction 4 > subfraction 3 > subfraction 2 > subfraction 1 by MTT assay. In light microscopy, the subfraction 1 of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of Perilla frutescens showed the highest cytotoxic activity. These findings suggest that subfraction 1 possessed the most cytotoxic constituents.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2021

Eight cytotoxic constituents, consisting of six triterpenoids, cabralealactone (1), cabraleadiol (2), prototiamin A (3), 23-desmethyllimocin B (5), melianodiol (7) and indicalilacol (8) along with one limonoid, neemfruitins A (4) and one protolimonoid, protoxylocarpin G (6), were isolated from the extract of n-hexane of the stembark of Chisocheton pentandrus. The chemical structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and compared to previously reported spectra. These isolated compounds appear for the first time in the plant. Compounds 1 - 8 were evaluated for their cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 breast cancer lines in vitro. Among the isolated compounds, melianodiol (7) showed the strongest cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 16.8 µM.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1131-1134
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• 2005

Two new benzopyrans 6-[1'-oxo-3'(R)-hydroxy-butyl]-5,7 -dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-ben-zopyran (1) and 6-[1'-oxo-3'(R)-methoxy-butyl]-5,7 -dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran (2) were isolated from the leaves of Mallotus apelta Muell.-Arg., (Euphorbiaceae). Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, especially by 1D-, 2D-NMR and MS spectra. Compound 1 was found to have strong cytotoxic effect against two human cancer cell lines as human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-2, $IC_{50}\;:\;0.49\;{\mu}g/mL$) and rhabdosarcoma (RD, $IC_{50}\;:\;0.54\;{\mu}g/mL$), while compound 2 showed moderate activity against Hep-2 cell line ($IC_{50}\;:\;4.22\;{\mu}g/mL$) by in vitro assay.