• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.185-219
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• 1981

To analyze two dimensional incompressible laminar natural convection in a rectangular enclosure heated from below and cooled by a horizontal ceiling and two vertical walls, he primitive Navier-Stokes equations and the energy equation were solved numerically in time dependent form by a marker and cell method. A successive over-relaxation method for the elliptic portion of the problem and an explicit method for the parabolic portion were applied for the range of Grashoff number of $5{\times}10^3\;to\;5{\times}10^4$ to get the transient and steady state dimensionless temperature and velocity profiles. For the range of aspect ratio $L/H{\leqq}2.4$ in which only a pair of convection rolls exists mean Nusselt number calculated are as follows : $$N_{NU}0.89\;N_{Gr}^{0.2}(H/L)^{0.45}$$ By path lines drawn by marker particle trajectories roll number of cellular motion were observed for various aspect ratio of the enclosure.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.2595-2606
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• 1995

Buoyancy-assisted melting of an unconstrained ice in an isothermally heated horizontal enclosure was numerically analyzed in a range of wall temperatures encompassing the density inversion point. The problem as posed here involves two physically distinct domains each of which has its own scales and respective heat transfer mode. These two domains join at the junction where the liquid squeezed out of the film region flushes into the lower melt pool. Both of these domains have been treated separately in the literature by a patching technique which invokes several, otherwise unnecessary, assumptions. The present study eliminates successfully such a superfluous procedure by treating the film and lower melt pool regions as a single domain. As a result of this efficient solution procedure, the interaction of the water stream ejected at the junction and the natural convection in the melt pool could be clarified for different wall temperatures. Though limited by two-dimensionality, the present results conformed indirectly the earlier reported transition of the flow pattern, as the wall temperature was increased over the density inversion point. The transient evolution of the melting surface, the time rate of change in melt volume fraction, the local and temporal variation of the heat transfer coefficients are analyzed and presented.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.611-623
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• 2024

The ISP-47 TOSQAN experiment was analyzed with containmentFOAM which is an open-source CFD code based on OpenFOAM. The containment phenomena taking place during the experiment are gas mixing, stratification and wall condensation in a mixture composed of steam and non-condensable gas. The k-ω SST turbulence model was adopted with buoyancy turbulence models. The wall condensation model used is based on the diffusion layer approach. We have simulated the full TOSQAN experiment which had a duration 20000 s. Sensitivity studies were conducted for the buoyancy turbulence models with SGDH and GGDH and there were not significant differences. All the main features of the experiments namely pressure history, temperature, velocity and gas species evolution were well predicted by containemntFOAM. The simulation results confirmed the formation of two large flow stream circulations and a mixing zone resulting by the combined effects of the condensation flow and natural convection flow. It was found that the natural convection in lower region of the vessel devotes to maintain two large circulations and to be varied the height of the mixing zone as result of sensitivity analysis of non-condensing wall temperature. The computational results obtained with the 2D mesh grid approach were comparable to the experimental results.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제27권1_2호
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• pp.301-313
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• 2009

This paper presents a Finite Element Method (FEM) application to thermal study of natural three layers of human dermal parts of varying properties. This paper carries out investigation of temperature distributions in these layers namely epidermis, dermis and under lying tissue layer. It is assumed that the outer skin is exposed to atmosphere and the loss of heat due to convection, radiation and evaporation of water have also been taken into account. The computations are carried out for one dimensional unsteady state case and the shape functions in dermal parts have been considered to be quadratic. A Finite Element scheme that uses the Crank-Nicolson method is used to solve the problem and the results computed have been exhibited graphically.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.204-215
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• 1987

Laminar natural convective heat transfer within a two-dimensional rectangular enclosure with horizontal conducting walls and partitions was investigated by numerical analysis and experiment. The enclosure consists of two isothermal vertical walls and two adiabatic horizontal walls. This combined heat transfer problem of conduction and natural convection was solved using finite difference method with SIMPLE algorithm, and temperature distribu-tions in the air filled enclosure was obtained using Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Good agree-ment was obtained between the predicted and measured results. The effect of geometric parameters and thermal properties on heat transfer was studied far Grashof numbers in range, $1\times10^4\;{\leqslant}\;G^r\;{\leqslant}\;6.4\times10^5.$ It was found that both velocity and temperature fields were in-fluenced significantly by thermal conductivity of the conducting walls and the partitions, and by geometry of partitions.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1511-1517
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• 2012

진공유리 배기공정을 위해 진공챔버나 진공튜브를 이용하는데 챔버 혹은 튜브 내부 전체를 진공으로 만들기 위한 시간과 경비가 과도하게 요구된다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 상압에서 진공배기 및 초음파 접합이 동시에 가능한 복합기를 개발하고자 하였는데, 이 경우 진동자인 피에조 온도가 과도하게 상승하여 복합기의 냉각을 최적화할 필요성이 대두되었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 수치해석 및 실험을 통해 자연대류 및 강제대류 냉각방식의 효과를 규명하였고 이를 통해 진공 배기 및 초음파 접합 복합기의 냉각 성능을 최적화하였다.

• 공학논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1997

실내를 따뜻하게 하기위한 고온의 라디에이터, 냉동코일, 변압기, 전기가열장치 및 전자장비에서와 같이 자연대류에 의한 에너지전달은 여러 공업분야에 응용되고 있다. 일반적으로 임의의 벽면온도에 따른 수평채널에서의 비정상자연대류흐름과 수학적.물리적 대류이동에 관한 기본법칙을 고찰하였다. 전달문제에 관한 물리적 의미있는 엄밀해는 표준유한정현변환기법을 적용함으로써 폐쇄형에 있어서 얻어진다. 또한 최종 정상상태의 유동과 열전달을 초래하는 Pr수와 Ra수 등 기본매개변수의 영향에 대해서 각각 검토하였다. 축방향의 평균속도를 측정하는 Pr수가 Pr>1 과 Pr<1 일 경우 각각 시간차에 접근하고 또한 축방향의 온도구배를 대표하는 함수는 기본매개변수가 없으므로 영향을 받는 것이라 본다. 그러나 정상상태의 유동현상은 Ra수에 따라서만 영향을 받게된다. 자연대류는 여러 가지 전기기구들은 물론이고 파이프장치 등의 열전달에 큰 영향을 미친다. 또한 열전달과정이 포함되는 바다와 대기의 운동과 같은 지구의 환경과학에도 중요하다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 1998

Parallel implementation is conducted for a SIMPLER finite volume model. The present parallelism is based on domain decomposition and explicit message passing using MPI and SHMEM. Two parallel solvers to tridiagonal matrix equation are employed. The implementation is verified on the Cray T3E system for a benchmark problem of natural convection in a sidewall-heated cavity. The test results illustrate good scalability of the present parallel models. Performance issues are elaborated in view of convergence as well as conventional parallel overheads and single processor performance. The effectiveness of a localized matrix solution algorithm is demonstrated.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.510-514
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• 2009

This paper presents the coupled analysis method to calculate the temperature rise in a gas insulated busbar (GIB). Harmonic eddy current analysis is carried out and the power losses are calculated in the conductor and enclosure tank. Two methods are presented to analyze the temperature distribution in the conductor and tank. One is to solve the thermal conduction problem with the equivalent natural convection coefficient and is applied to a single phase GIB. The other is to employ the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool which directly solves the thermal-fluid equations and is applied to a three-phase GIB. The accuracy of both methods is verified by the comparison of the measured and calculated temperature in a single phase and three-phase GIB.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2017

In this work, transient heat transfer analysis of functionally graded (FG) carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposite (CNTRC) cylinders with various essential and natural boundary conditions is investigated by a mesh-free method. The cylinders are subjected to thermal flux, convection environments and constant temperature faces. The material properties of the nanocomposite are estimated by an extended micro mechanical model in volume fraction form. The distribution of carbon nanotube (CNT) has a linear variation along the radial direction of axisymmetric cylinder. In the mesh-free analysis, moving least squares shape functions are used for approximation of temperature field in the weak form of heat transform equation and the transformation method is used for the imposition of essential boundary conditions. Newmark method is applied for solution time depended problem. The effects of CNT distribution pattern and volume fraction, cylinder thickness and boundary conditions are investigated on the transient temperature field of the nanocomposite cylinders.