• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.164-191
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• 2004

Archives managements practices and laws are different according to various histories and traditions of nations. And it depends on a various of specific conditions of each nation. This paper reviews each laws, regulations, and organization concerned with archives managements of America and Canada that lead in archives managements, although they have relatively short histories. And this paper reviews acquisitions, classification and cataloging, and user access of archives in central archives management institutions. Finally, it reviews education system and professional positions of archivists in America and Canada.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.331-345
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• 2014

Objectives: The exponential growth of chemicals, an area of high concern in developed countries like the US (i.e., the Gore Initiative) and in the EU (i.e., REACH), as well as recent chemical accidents in Korea, have provoked nationwide concerns and resultant legal enforcement. This study aims to compare the laws of the Ministry of Environment (the Chemical Substances Control Act (CSCA), Act on the Registration and Evaluation, etc. of Chemical Substances (ARECS)) with those of the Ministry of the Employment and Labor (Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)). Methods: Each law pertaining to the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of the Employment and Labor was downloaded from the official legal information system (www.law.go.kr). The objectives of each law and the major contents related to chemical management were compared and summarized. Results: The CSCA and the ARECS are focused on the protection of people and the environment, while the OSHA relates to the protection of workers. The right to know of people and workers has been reinforced. The former two laws emphasize prevention, but the OSHA contains both preventive and post-accident measures. The role of the Ministry of Employment was reinforced with the promulgation of the CSCA and ARECS, which contain regulations such as adjacent area impact evaluation, risk control planning, chemical statistical survey and construction and operation of information, provision of risk control plans, response to chemical accidents and registration of chemical substances. Conclusion: We found that the three laws discussed here have several similar clauses designed to protect people and the environment from risks that may be caused by the use of chemicals, even though there are some differences among them in terms of objectives and contents. This review concluded that several clauses that can be regarded as double regulation should be unified in order to minimize the waste of government administrative resources and socio-economic losses.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-45
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• 2002

Opening of trade relationships through an increasing number of international free trade agreements and the now defunct General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade has resulted in an increase the number of the species being exchanged in the world. In the last 20 years, international environmental laws have multiplied and a number of treaties address harmful non-indigenous species (NIS) directly with specific provisions, while other treaties deal with related environmental issues and indirectly affect international regulation of NIS; however, such treaties are weak due to lack of enforceability. From the stand point of national law, many countries including the USA, Australia and New Zealand enforce national laws and regulations to protect biological resources. Typical strategies include : 1) strengthening quarantines to prevent unintentional and illegal introduction of harmful NIS, and 2) developing technologies for managing harmful NIS. However, the recent international trend for managing NIS has shifted. In 2002, the Bonn Guidelines on Access to Genetic Resources and Fair and Equitable Sharing of the Benefit Arising out of their Utilization was adopted at the 6th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biodiversity. One major issue highlighted in the document is that "there is no more free of charge to get a biological resource from other countries". The Bonn guidelines will affect international and national NIS regulatory systems because the NIS is a potentially disrupts ecosystems as well as native species. A number of impacts are expected including the revamping of national biodiversity policy regimes in many countries in the world. In particular, the ROK, which is not very biologically diverse, has to evolve national laws to protect valuable ecosystems from NIS. In the meanwhile, national rights of using beneficial indigenous and non-indigenous species as biological resources should be considered through the investigation and national registration of NIS around the world for the promotion of the biotech industry.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to explore high school students' understanding of the distinction between scientific theories and scientific laws. Understanding of the distinction between these two concepts, which belong to the nature of science, has been receiving little attention. We surveyed thirty-two students from a local high school with three-part, open-ended questionnaire. The result revealed that these students shared common misconceptions such as 'scientific theories are unproven, scientific laws are proven and absolute', and 'if a theory is proven with enough evidence, it becomes a law'. Moreover, students tend to regard earth science less sophisticated than physical science, because they recognize a lot of its theories to be unproven in their view. It is indicated further that teaching the difference between scientific theories and laws explicitly could help students possess more appropriate view toward earth science.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.30 no.5 s.112
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• pp.280-284
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• 2005

Front the production on the farm to the consumer, agricultural products are subject to various physical treatments involving mechanical techniques and devices. It is essential to understand the physical laws governing the response of these biological materials so that the machines, processes, and handling operations can be designed fur maximum efficiency and the highest quality of the end products. A compression test system was developed to test the physical properties of fruits including apple, pear, and peach which may lead to a better understanding of the physical laws. The test system consisted of a digital storage oscilloscope and simple mechanism which can apply quasi-static compression to fresh fruits. Rupture force, energy, and deformation were measured at the five levels of compression speed from 1.25 to 62.5 mm/min for each internal and external tissues. Rupture forces for apple and pear were in the range of 42.2 to 46.2 N and 38.8 to 41.2 N for external and infernal tissues, respectively. Rupture forces fir peach external tissues were in the range of 48.2 to 54.0 N.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.85-93
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• 2017

In this study, the concepts of soil degradation, soil pollution and soil damage are defined, and the domestic and foreign administrative systems related to soil pollution and soil damage management are analyzed. In case of foreign countries, laws and regulations on the soil conservation and soil damage management were analyzed. In case of Korea, the present state of the legal system governing soil pollution and damage management was analyzed in each aspect. Through this study, suggestions for amendments of relevant laws were proposed by establishing policy direction for integrated management of soil pollution and soil damage. The results of this study will provide a basis for integrated management of soil pollution and damage, and it can be utilized in establishing integrated management strategy of long term soil conservation and sustaninable soil development at national level.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.28
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• pp.8.1-8.5
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• 2013

Cancer has been the leading cause of death in Korea for the last 30 years. Cancer patients' 5-year survival rate between 2005 and 2009 was 62.0%, representing a highly advanced standard of care, as much as developed countries in the EU and the US. The Korean government formulated its first 10-year plan for cancer control in 1996 and has been carrying out a second 10-year plan for cancer control since 2006. But despite the Korean government's efforts, the cancer burden in Korea continues to increase. Many separate laws have gone into effect concerning the management of carcinogen exposure. However, there are no integrated regulatory laws or management systems against carcinogen exposure in Korea. Dead zones remain where carcinogen exposure cannot be controlled properly in Korea. In this paper, we suggest the need to establish a national carcinogen list based on international harmonization as a prerequisite for a paradigm shift in cancer control policy from treatment to primary prevention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2005

A green area plan is getting attention as a way to solve the recent urban problems such as the rise of environment problems. To correspond to this change, there were dramatic amendments for the green area related laws. These amendments are appraised as the epochal turning point for the green area policies. This study is to introduce the main contents of amended urban green area law and urban park law in Japan, to compare with the Korean green area related laws, and to summarize the special features of both countries' green policies and the comments about the Korean green area policy structures. As a result, this amendment of Japan established the unified green area policy structure supporting the green area policies of municipal governments and is inducing living environment improvement by securing green area in the center of city, support, and the participation of residents. On the other hands, this amendment of Korea is a lack of the systemization of green area policy and the phased establishments of green area plan in spite of the scope of whole city because of absence of the unified high level plan.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.770-775
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• 2002

In this paper, a game optimal receding horizon guidance law (GRHG) is proposed, which does not use information of the time-to-go and target maneuvers. It is shown that by adjusting design parameters appropriately, the proposed GRHG is identical to the existing receding horizon guidance law (RHG), which can intercept the target by keeping the relative vertical separation less than the given value, within which the warhead of the missile is detonated, after the appropriately selected time in the presence of arbitrary target maneuvers and initial relative vertical separation rates between the target and missile. Through a simulation study, the performance of the GRHG is illustrated and compared with that of the existing optimal guidance law (OGL).

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.306-314
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• 2009

With the global adoption of the reduction policy on greenhouse gas and environmental pollution, that is 'low carbon green growth', the central and local governments strive to increase their investments in railways in an effort to replace fossil fuels, and seek the ways to diversify and vitalize the tourism resources taking full advantage of the railway systems. Seoul metro has therefore launched 'A research on the development of the Bukhan mountain railway' for the establishment of the environmentally friendly tourism belt making good use of Mt. Bukhan., the only national park in the Seoul metropolitan area, with its picturesque scenery. This paper pursues the basic directions for the application scope of the relevant laws and regulations for the development of the mountain railways as part of our continuing effort to further 'A study on the development of the Bukhan mountain railway' along with the review on the project implementation policy pursuant to the applicable laws on private investment for social infrastructures.