• 농촌계획
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2024

This study aimed to resolve issues in performance monitoring of the ecological sector of the Agricultural Environment Conservation Program through a comparative study of domestic ecological monitoring cases and to identify suitable performance monitoring methods for the project. To achieve this objective, current performance monitoring of the Agricultural Environment Conservation Program was compared and analyzed with domestic ecological monitoring cases to examine their applicability. Research results indicate that domestic ecological monitoring covers a wide range, making it difficult to diagnose the ecological environment at the village level. Therefore, it seems challenging to use these data for evaluating the performance of residents' activities. To accurately assess performances of participating villages in the project, on-site monitoring of the target areas is essential. For this purpose, efforts should be focused on strengthening on-site monitoring through the establishment of collaborative systems. However, domestic ecological monitoring can be utilized for long-term performance monitoring in the Agricultural Environment Conservation Program. By extracting necessary data on agricultural areas through geographic information and particularly by utilizing survey results according to the 'cultivated land ecosystem' type, long-term performance of the project could be evaluated. Accordingly, this study can serve as foundational research for establishing an ecological performance monitoring plan and system suited to the project.

• 한국인구학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.125-139
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• 1993

Korea has successfully achieved a lowered fertility level owing to the strong population control policy and effective family planning program. Along with fertility decline and decreased number of children in family, average number of household members has decreased and nontraditional households such as one person household and households composed of unrelated individuals have prolifirated, even though the absolute number of them are found minimal in Korea. However in recent years several data and survey results suggest that one person households are gradually in the increasing trend. The study aimed at investigating the real state of one person households in Korea and next analyzing the proportional distribution of one person households by a few socioeconomic characteristics, thus providing basic for eatablishing far-singhted population and social welfare policy in the future. Korea has experienced high growth rate of economy through government-led development plans starting from the 1960s. During the past three decades, Korea has shifted from the agricultural state to the industrialized one. In compliance with the economic growth, urbanization and industrialization have brought about rural-to-urban migration and a great bulk of young population migrated to urban areas, who are seeking for educational and job opportunities. Korean society has also been under drastic change in every aspect of life involving norms, tradition, and attitude, etc. Therefore, in spite of the prejudice on 'living alone' still remaining, young people gradually leave parents and home, and further form nontraditional households in urban areas. Current increase in the number of one person households is partly attributable to the increase in high female educational attainment and female participation in economic activities. As the industrial structure in Korea changes from primary into secondary and tertiary industries, job opportunities for service/sales and manufacturing are opened to young female labor force in the process of industrialization. Contrary to the formation of one person households by young people, the aged single households are composed when children in family leave one by one because of marriage, education, employment. In particular, a higher proportion of aged female single households occur in rural areas due to the mortality difference by sex. Based on the data released form the 1990 Population and Housing Census and National Fertility and Family Health Survey in 1985 and 1991, the study tried to examine the state of one person households in Korea. According to Census data, the number of one person households increased to 1, 021, 000 in 1990, comprising 9.0 percent of total households. And the survey reveal that among total 11, 540 households, 8.0 percent, 923 households, are composed of one person households. Generally, the proportion of female single households is greater than that of male ones, and a big proportion of one person households is concentrated in the 25-34 age bracket in urban areas and 65 years and more in rural areas. It is shown than one person householders in urban areas have higher educational attainment with 59.2 percent high schooling and over in 1991, Job seeking proved to be the main reason for leaving home and forming one person households. The number of young female single households with higher education and economic self-reliance are found nil and the study did not allow to analyze the causal realtionship between female education and employment and one person household formation. However more research and deep analysis on the causal facors on one person household formation using statistical method are believed to be necessary.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the relationship between regional material deprivation and the standardized mortality ratios(SMRs) of community residents aged 15-64 in Korea. Methods: SMRs were investigated using the registered death data from 1995 to 2000 that was obtained from the Korean National Statistics Office with the denominators being drawn from the 1995 to 2000 census. Material deprivation was measured using the Townsend score that was calculated from the 1995 to 2000 census. The relationship between the regional material deprivation and the SMRs of the community residents aged 15-64 was investigated by using ANOVA, Spearman's rank correlation analysis and Pearson's correlation analysis. The trends in mortality inequality were investigated using the concentration index. Results: On the ANOVA, the SMRs of the men and women residents in the least deprived areas were the smallest and those in the most deprived areas were the largest. Spearman's rank correlation analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis and the concentration index revealed that significant positive relationships exist between the regional material deprivation and the SMRs of the community residents aged 15-64. Conclusions: This study suggests that there are mortality inequalities among the communities in Korea and part of this difference is due to the material deprivation of the community. Strategies aimed at reducing mortality inequalities among the communities will be needed to address economic inequalities. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of how the regional deprivation influences on health and how the other factors of the community influence on the health of the community residents.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.199-210
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• 2017

Background: This paper aims to demonstrate current health expenditure (CHE) and National Health Accounts of the years 2015 constructed according to the SHA2011, which is a new manual of System of Health Accounts (SHA) that was published jointly by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, and World Health Organization in 2011. Comparison is made with international trends by collecting and analysing health accounts of OECD member countries. Particularly, financing public-private mix is parsed in depth using SHA data of both HF as financing schemes as well as FS (financing source) as their revenue types. Methods: Data sources such as Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service's publications of both motor insurance and drugs are newly used to construct the 2015 National Health Accounts. In the case of private financing, an estimation of total expenditures for revenues by provider groups is made from the Economic Census data; and the household income and expenditure survey, Korean healthcare panel study, etc. are used to allocate those totals into functional classifications. Results: CHE was 115.2 trillion won in 2015, which accounts for 7.4 percent of Korea's gross domestic product. It was a big increase of 9.3 trillion won, 8.8 percent, from the previous year. Government and compulsory schemes's share (or public share) of 56.4% of the CHE in 2015 was much lower than the OECD average of 72.6%. 'Transfers from government domestic revenue' share of total revenue of HF was 17.8% in Korea, lower than the other contribution-based countries. When it comes to 'compulsory contributory health financing schemes,' 'Transfers from government domestic revenue' share of 14.9% was again much lower compared to Japan (44.7%) and Belgium (34.8%) as contribution-based countries. Conclusion: Considering relatively lower public financing share in the inpatient care as well as overall low public financing share of total CHE, priorities in health insurance coverage need to be repositioned among inpatient care, outpatient care and drugs.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine a potential association between community factors and the establishment of Local Healthy Family Support Centers (LHFSCs). Community factors were population size, community size, local finance independency, number of workplaces per 1,000 people, number of colleges, political party affiliation of mayor, and political party affiliation of congressman. Data of this study were collected from the census indicators of 222 communities from 2004 to 2014 and analyzed by frequency, mean, geographical information system mapping, and the binary logit analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, LHFSCs are less likely to be established in communities in the provinces of Gangwon, Chungbuk, and Gyeongbuk. Second, the population size was positively related to the establishment of LHFSCs. Third, finance independency was positively associated with the establishment of LHFSCs. Forth, a mayor was more likely to establish LHFSCs if they were affiliated with the ruling conservative political party. However, the establishment of LHFSCs was not affected by other factors such as community scale, number of workplaces per 1,000 people, the number of colleges, and party affiliation of congressman. Thus, the conclusion suggests family policy implications to improve the geographical imbalance of LHFSCs based on the analysis results.

• 농촌계획
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.79-96
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting residential mobility between urban and rural. After classifying urban and rural region based on discriminatory attributes of the regions, we applied a multinomial logistic model, using the sample data of 2020 Korea Population and Housing Census. The major findings are as follows. The young highly educated in cities avoided rural. The young less educated in rural engaged in 2, 3th industries as well as agricultural industry, but remained in low-paying and unstable jobs. In addition, various classes moved to rural and rising house prices in cities pushed people to rural. Therefore, it is necessary to develop diversified regional industry models and provide opportunities for high quality and stable jobs in rural by linking industrial demand, education and jobs. Also, preserving the rural environment, settlement conditions and residential environment are needed for satisfying various needs of urban residents who migrate to rural areas. While regional policies so far have focused on maintaining the population size and promoting a population influx, rural development and population policies should be established in a way that responds to diverse population classes in an era of population decline.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.91-115
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• 2007

산업 직업별 고용구조조사(OES : Occupational Employment Statistics)는 국가승인통계로 산업소분류(194개) 직업세분류(392개) 수준에서의 고용구조를 파악하여 국가적 인적자원 수급정책을 위한 기본통계와 직업별 고용전망, 진로 선택, 직업훈련, 취업알선 등 노동시장 정책과 연구를 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 2005년도와 2006년도에 실시된 산업 직업별 고용구조조사 자료를 특성별로 정밀 분석하고, 10% 인구주택총조사 자료를 사용하여 우리나라의 고용현황을 살펴서 이들을 바탕으로 모집단을 충분히 대표할 수 있도록 새로운 표본설계 방안을 마련하고자 한다. 표본설계방안에서는 표본배정 기준을 마련하고 아울러 가중치 부여 과정을 포함해서 추정식과 추정식의 오차계산 공식을 유도한다. 새로운 표본설계를 통해서 산업 직업별 고용구조를 보다 정확히 파악하여 국가적 인력수급 정책을 원활히 세울 수 있게 되고, 또한 고용관련 연구에도 기여를 할 것으로 기대된다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2014

도시 내 거주하는 인구의 분포는 다양한 연구에 활용될 수 있는 기초자료로서 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 그러나 이와 관련한 데이터는 정보기밀성 등을 이유로 일정한 공간단위로 집계되어 제공된다. 때문에 제공되는 것과 다른 공간단위나, 더 세밀한 공간분석을 요하는 연구와 활용이 제한된다. 이에 본 연구는 인구분포 데이터가 가지는 한계를 극복하여, 행정구역을 기준으로 한 인구데이터 제공단위보다 세밀한 인구분포를 현실적으로 재현하고자 대시매트릭 매핑 기법을 활용하였다. 대시메트릭 매핑은 주 데이터와 연관된 공간적 보조 데이터를 사용하여 주 데이터의 공간적 분포를 세밀하게 나타내는 지도화 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 서울시 집계구별 인구센서스 자료를 주 데이터로, 건축물 대장을 보조 데이터로 사용하였으며, 모든 인구가 주거용 건축물에 거주한다고 가정하여 주거용 건축물 단위에서 인구분포를 재현하였다. 주거용 건축물을 공간적으로 추출하기 위해 바이너리기법이 활용되었으며. 이후 회귀분석 기법을 활용하여 건물 용도와 층수를 고려한 가중치를 부여해 입체적인 거주인구밀도를 재현하는데 성공하였다. 이를 통해 전체 토지 및 용도구역을 기반으로 한 기존의 방법론보다 현실적용오차를 줄였다. 또한 주거가능 건축물의 주택유형과 층수가 반영된 3차원적 공간자료를 활용하여 주거용 건축물에 거주하는 인구를 추정하는 모델을 도출하여, 정확도가 높고 세밀화 된 인구분포지도를 제작하였다. 본 연구를 통해 도출된 개별 건물 단위의 인구 데이터는 일정한 공간단위로 집계를 재가공한 것으로 정보기밀성의 문제가 없는 세밀한 단위의 인구분포 정보를 제공한다. 따라서 이후 도시 내 재난재해 발생에 따른 영향 인구 파악과 같은, 지역인구를 활용한 다양한 연구에 활용될 수 있는 중요한 자료로써 의미를 지닌다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.945-957
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• 2007

수량 연관규칙은 대량의 데이터베이스에 존재하는 데이터 중 수량적 속성이 강한 데이터를 항목으로 만들어 이진 연관규칙에 적용한다. 만약 중요한 의미를 내포하는 수량 데이터의 정의역 범위가 넓을 경우 정의역을 최소지지도에 만족하는 적정 구간으로 분할하여 빈발구간 항목을 생성하는 작업이 필요하다. 이러한 빈발구간 항목은 어떻게 생성되었느냐에 따라 생성된 규칙의 신뢰도에 큰 영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 빈발구간 항목을 효율적으로 생성하는 방법을 제시한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 기존 방법들에 비해 의미가 있는 구간을 분실하지 않고 최소지지도에 근접하는 세밀한 빈발구간을 생성하기 때문에 데이터가 가진 특성의 손실을 최소화할 수 있는 효율적인 방법이다. 또한 병합이 불필요한 곳에서는 병합을 시도하지 않고 빈도가 높은 구간만을 취해 병합하므로 수량의 정의역이 넓을 경우 기존 방법에 비해 실행속도가 월등히 빠른 효율적인 방법이다. 그리고 인구센서스와 같은 실제로 사용되는 데이터를 이용하여 클루닉스 HPC 시스템에서 병렬처리 수행을 통하여 제안 방법이 우수함을 보였다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.549-558
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• 2022

The Indonesian Archipelago has a very complex geological history, along with equatorial warm sea temperature, resulting in diverse types of coral reefs and high diversity of coral reef fish. Many livelihoods of the coastal community are dependent on coral reef fisheries. The present study aimed to determine which region and location in the Indonesian Archipelago has the most diverse and abundant coral reef fish. The archipelago was divided into four regions: the Indian Ocean, Sunda Shelf, Wallacea, and the Pacific Ocean. Data were obtained from a national coral reef monitoring program of the Indonesian Research Center for Oceanography (RCO)-the National Board for Research and Innovation (BRIN). The reef fish data were collected using the underwater visual census method, from 321 belt transects on 24 locations (districts) across the archipelago. The results show that coral reef fish diversity of the Pacific region was the highest across the archipelago for all three trophic levels, i.e., corallivore, herbivore, and carnivore fish. The Pacific Ocean region also had the highest fish abundance for the three trophic levels. Comparison among locations revealed that the best ten locations in reef fish diversity and abundance were Sabang, Mentawai, Makassar, Selayar, Buton, Luwuk, Ternate, Raja Ampat, Biak, and Wakatobi. Wakatobi reefs showed their supremacy in carnivore fish diversity and abundance, while Biak reefs were the best in herbivore fish. The abundance of corallivore fish was also considerably high in Sabang reefs, but it is still lower than in Raja Ampat, Biak, and Wakatobi reefs. These results provide empirical evidence that the coral reefs of Wakatobi and Biak are the hottest hotspots of coral reef fish diversity and abundance in the Indonesian Archipelago.