• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.82-90
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• 1989

Detection of antibody against pathogenic fungi in serum specimens of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis or other lung diseases has been carried out(male) using the indirect fluorescence antibody technique and immunodiffusion tests. Immunodiffusion tests revealed that 104(36.5%) out of 285 patients examined showed a positive precipitin reaction against one or more of fungal antigens. The majority of ID positive patients 64(61.5%) reacted with Aspergillus fumigatus antigen and 49(47.1%) patients reacted with Candida albicans antigen ID positive reaction to A. fumigatus was found little more frequently among male patients, while Candida albicans reactors were found more frequently among female patients. Age distribution of ID positive reactors was high(49.1-43.3%) in age group of 40-59 years, but least or none in age group of less than 30 years. Age of fungal mycelium used as antigen did not effect sensitivity of the indirect flubrescence (IF) technique in detecting antibody to A. fumigatus. Antibody class against A. fumigatus that showed highest titer was IgG and thus FITC labeled anti-IgG immunoglobulin shoul be preferable. As relatively large amount of cell wall components of Aspergilli shared antigenically, a considerable cross-reaction was observed among A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. niger, but not much with C. albicans. While (IF) has much better sensitivity when compared with ID, relative specificity of the latter procedure cannot to be overried, so that they could be batter used together in order to obtain quantitative measurement of antibody with relative specificity.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2012

This work describes the characteristics of $Malassezia$ $pachydermatis$ isolated from dog ear canals and the effect of essential oils on the growth of this organism. Sterile cotton swabs were used to collect specimens from the external ear canal and culture tests were performed to detect the population size of $Malassezia$ yeast. Using three different isolation media, included Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) to isolate common $M.$ $pachydermatis$, and SDA supplemented with olive oil (SDAO) and Leeming's medium (LM) to detect lipophilic yeast, $Malassezia$ spp were isolated from 14 of 18 dogs (77.8%); isolation rates were 33.3% in SDA, 72.2% in SDAO and 66.7% in LM media. All $Malassezia$ spp isolates were identified as $M.$ $pachydermatis$ according to results of PCR amplification, but gross colony morphology and SDA growth rates suggested four different subtypes. Large (LC) and medium colony (MC) types respectively describe large colony (diameter > 3 mm) and medium colony (around 2 mm) after 72 hour incubation, and small (SC) type refers to smaller colony (< 1 mm) even after 5 days incubation; lipid dependent colonies did not grow onto SDA. Large Colony type strains were isolated from 4, 11, and 11 samples, MC type strains from 2, 3 and 1 and SC type strains from 1, 2 and 1 in SDA, SDAO and LM, respectively. Lipid-dependent $M.$ $pachydermatis$ (Lipo) were isolated from 3 samples each in SDAO and LM. Anti-$M.$ $pachydermatis$ activity testing was done using disc-diffusion assays and well diffusion tests. Most essential oils inhibited the growth of $M.$ $pachydermatis$ in a range from 0.5% to 1.0% of essential oils. MIC90 and MIC50 were variable depending upon the nature of essential oils. Thyme oil was found to be highly effective in inhibiting the growth of $M.$ $pachydermatis$ in a range from 0.125% to 0.0625% while marjoram and then tea tree oil exhibited lower inhibitory capacity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1056-1062
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• 2016

Lung cancer is currently the most common malignant disease and the leading cause of mortality in the world and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 75-80% of lung cancer cases. miR-155 gene was found to be over expressed in several solid tumors, such as thyroid carcinoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, cervical cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and lung cancer. The aims of this study were to define the expression of miR-155 in lung cancer and its associated clinic-pathologic characteristics. Total RNA was purified from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded NSCLC tissues and benign lung tissues. Expression of miR-155 in human lung cancer tissues were evaluated as mean fold changes of miR-155 in cancer tissues compared to benign lung tissues by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time qRT-PCR) and associations of miR-155 expression with clinic-pathologic findings of cancer. Compared with the benign control group, miR-155 expression was significantly overexpressed in NSCLCs (p=<0.001). miR-155 was more overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma. Poorly differentiated tumors showed significantly overexpression of miR-155 than well-differentiated tumors (p=<0.001). Overexpression of miR-155 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (p=<0.05). In survival analysis for all NSCLC patients, high miR-155 expression was significantly correlated with worse overall survival (p=<0.05). These results suggested that miR-155 might play an important role in lung cancer progression and metastasis.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2011

In order to resolve the problem of change in global climate which is worsening as days go by and to preemptively cope with strengthened restriction on carbon emission, the government enacted 'Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth' in 2010 and selected green technology and green industry as new national growth engines. For this reason, the necessity to use the un-utilized waste heat across the whole industrial system has become an issue, and studies on and applications of recycling in the agricultural and fishery fields such as cultivation of tropical crops and flatfishes by utilizing the waste heat and thermal effluent generated by large industrial complexes including power plants are being actively carried out. In this study, we looked into the domestic and overseas examples of having utilized waste heat abandoned in the form of power plant thermal effluent, and carried out economic efficiency evaluation of sturgeon aquaculture utilizing thermal effluent of Yeongwol LNG Combined Cycle Power Plant in Gangwon-do. In this analysis, we analyzed the economic efficiency of a model business plan divided into three steps, starting from a small scale in order to minimize the investment risk and financial burden, which is then gradually expanded. The business operation period was assumed to be 10 years (2012~2021), and the NVP (Net Present Value) and economic efficiency (B/C) for the operation period (10 years) were estimated for different loan size by dividing the size of external loan by stage into 80% and 40% based on the basic statistics secured through a site survey. Through the result of analysis, we can see that reducing the size of the external loan is an important factor in securing greater economic efficiency as, while the B/C is 1.79 in the case the external loan is 80% of the total investment, it is presumed to be improved to 1.81 when the loan is 40%. As the findings of this study showed that the economic efficiency of sturgeon aquaculture utilizing thermal effluent of power plant can be secured, it is presumed that regional development project items with high added value can be derived though this, and, in addition, this study will greatly contribute to reinforcement of the capability of local governments to cope with climate change.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.951-955
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• 1999

Two-phase Al-21Ti-23Cr alloy containing 20 vol.% $\textrm{Cr}_{2}\textrm{Al}$ as a second phase in the $Ll_2$ matrix is located in the two- phase region of the Al- Ti- Cr phase diagram at $1150^{\circ}C$, while in the three-phase region at $1000^{\circ}C$. Based on this result, the mechanical properties of the A1-21Ti-23Cr alloy were enhanced through the refined precipitation of the third phase in the $Ll_2$ matrix by aging the alloy below $1000^{\circ}C$. It was observed that a several ,m of the third phase precipitated in the $Ll_2$ matrix through aging at $800^{\circ}C$ and $1000^{\circ}C$, but the precipitation was not observed below $600^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, the third phase was more finely precipitated at $800^{\circ}C$ than at $1000^{\circ}C$. Although the third phase precipitated at $800^{\circ}C$ and at $1000^{\circ}C$, the compressive yield strength increased rapidly at $800^{\circ}C$ only. This is probably attributable to the refined precipitation of the third phase in the $Ll_2$ matrix. It is expected that the precipitation of the third phase. which was confirmed to be the TiAlCr phase, improves the mechanical properties by preventing crack propagation in the $Ll_2$ matrix.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the High Rate Spiral Clarifier(HRSC) availability for the improvement of polluted retention pond water quality. A lab scale and a pilot scale test was performed for this. The fluid flow patterns in a HRSC were studied using Fluent which is one of the computational fluid dynamic(CFD) programs, with inlet velocity and inlet diameter, length of body($L_B$) and length of lower cone(Lc), angle and gap between the inverted sloping cone, the lower exit hole installed or not installed. A pilot scale experimental apparatus was made on the basis of the results from the fluid flow analysis and lab scale test, then a field test was executed for the retention pond. In the study of inside fluid flow for the experimental apparatus, we found out that the inlet velocity had a greater effect on forming spiral flow than inlet flow rate and inlet diameter. There was no observable effect on forming spiral flow LB in the range of 1.2 to $1.6D_B$(body diameter) and Lc in the range of 0.35 to $0.5L_B$, but decreased the spiral flow with a high ratio of $L_B/D_B$ 2.0, $Lc/L_B$ 0.75. As increased the angle of the inverted sloping cone, velocity gradually dropped and evenly distributed in the inverted sloping cone. The better condition was a 10cm distance of the inverted sloping cone compared to 20cm to prevent turbulent flow. The condition that excludes the lower exit hole was better to prevent channeling and to distribute effluent flow rate evenly. From the pilot scale field test it was confirmed that particulate matters were effectively removed, therefore, this apparatus could be used for one of the plans to improve water quality for a large water body such as retention ponds.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.75-90
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• 2011

At the beginning of the Chos$\breve{o}$n dynasty, punch'$\breve{o}$ng began as a simplified form of inlaid celadon, and in the two following centuries it developed into a popular folk craft in various styles and expressive decorations; overtime, it was increasingly made to resemble whiteware, and its production stopped after the Japanese invasion of Korea. In the present study, the body and glaze compositions of punch'$\breve{o}$ng were examined and compared with those of celadon and whiteware, whose compositions have previously been compared with those of Chinese ceramics. Here, the analyzed shards were organized into 28 groups based on their production sites and archaeological characteristics. For each group, the body and glaze compositions of several shards(usually three to five) were obtained, averaged, and compared with those of the other groups. These comparisons showed that the majority of the punch'$\breve{o}$ng bodies were formed, like those of celadon and whiteware, with mica-quartz porcelain stone, which was commonly used in Yuezhou, Jingdezhen, and other southern Chinese kilns. The glazes consisted of clay materials and flux components made from various proportions of wood ash, burnt limestone (glaze ash) and crushed limestone. Overall, the punch'$\breve{o}$ng glazes resembled the Kory$\breve{o}$ celadon and Kory$\breve{o}$ whiteware glazes more closely than the Chos$\breve{o}$n white wareglazes. However, the $TiO_2$ levels found in the tested punch'$\breve{o}$ng were low, similar to those of Chos$\breve{o}$n whiteware; this indicated that glaze stone was used as the clay component of the punch'$\breve{o}$ng glazes, as was the case for Chos$\breve{o}$n whiteware. This study of the material characteristics of punch'$\breve{o}$ng may be used as a comparative framework for analyzing ceramic shards discovered at current and future excavations within Korea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1985

In the previous papers (Kim and Park, 1984 a, b), we have reported on alginic acid from Ecklonia cava. The seasonal and portional variation in the composition of uronic acids and their block structures of alginic acid from Sargassum ringgoldianum (collected from Ichon-ri at the coast of Ilgwang-myon, Yangsan-gun, Kyongnam, Korea, in the period of January to December in 1982) are investigated, and their relationship between the chemical composition and some rotated properties is discussed in this study. The results are as follows: 1. One year average contents of alginic acid were $21.4\%$ in the stipe and $19.7\%$ in the frond, one-year average values of M/G ratios were 2.38 in the frond and 1.85 in the stipe. The value of frond was largest in the period of Jauuary to April and smallest in May and October to December. The value of stipe was largest January to April and smallest in May. In general, the proportions of M block in the both of frond and stipe were higher than those of G block. 2. The viscosity of frond alginic acid showed higher values of 31.1 cP in November, and lower (below 7.0 cP) in the stipe alginic acid. Furthermore, the dependence on temperature of frond alginic acid was also larger in November and others were lower. Ion exchange ability of frond alginic acid was highest in July and the exchange amounts were $Pb^{2+}\;5.2,\;Cu^{2+}\;3.1,\;Zn^{2+}\;1.7,\;Co^{2+}\;1.5$ meq/g, Na-Alg., and the ability of stipe alginic acid was highest in May and the amounts were $Pb^{2+}\;4.6,\;Cu^{2+}\;3.3,\;Zn^{2+}\;2.5,\;Co^{2+}\;1.4$ meq/g. Na-Alg.. The affinity with metallic ions appeared higher in order of $Pb^{2+}>Cu^{2+}>Zn^{2+}>Co^{2+}$, and the exchange ability assumed to relate with the block ratio of uronic acid.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.141-150
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• 2012

This paper suggests a critical path search algorithm that can easily draw PERT/GANTT chart which manages and plans a project schedule. In order to evaluate a critical path that determines the project schedule, Critical Path Method (CPM) is generally utilized. However, CPM undergoes 5 stages to calculate the critical path for a network diagram that is previously designed according to correlative relationship and execution period of project execution activities. And it may not correctly evaluate $T_E$ (The Earliest Time), since it does not suggest the way how to determine the sequence of the nodes activities that calculate the $T_E$. Also, the sequence of the network diagram activities obtained from CPM cannot be visually represented, and hence Lucko suggested an algorithm which undergoes 9 stages. On the other hand, the suggested algorithm, first of all, decides the sequence in advance, by reallocating the nodes into levels after Breadth-First Search of the network diagram that is previously designed. Next, it randomly chooses nodes of each level and immediately determines the critical path only after calculation of $T_E$. Finally, it enables the representation of the execution sequence of the project activity to be seen precisely visual by means of a small movement of $T_E$ of the nodes that are not belonging to the critical path, on basis of the $T_E$ of the nodes which belong to the critical path. The suggested algorithm has been proved its applicability to 10 real project data. It is able to get the critical path from all the projects, and precisely and visually represented the execution sequence of the activities. Also, this has advantages of, firstly, reducing 5 stages of CPM into 1, simplifying Lucko's 9 stages into 2 stages that are used to clearly express the execution sequence of the activities, and directly converting the representation into PERT/GANTT chart.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.2
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• pp.210-215
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• 2013

Litterfall production represents a major contribution of carbon and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. This study was carried out to determine the litterfall production in a broadleaved deciduous forest at the Mt. Keumsan Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site, Southern Korea. Littefall was collected monthly or bimonthly from the site for 7 years from 2004 to2010. Leaf and reproductive (catkins) litters showed a seasonal variation, but litters of needle, branch, and barks were not changed across the seasons. Annual leaf litter of Quercus serrata and Carpinus laxiflora were significantly different (p<0.05) but that of C. cordata, Chamaecyparis obtusa, and Pinus thunbergii was not significantly changed for 7 years (p>0.05). Annual average litterfall production was 5,223 kg/ha, but annual variations were very large with minimum of 4,110 kg/ha/yr in 2004 and maximum of 6,002 kg/ha/yr in 2007. Total litterfall comprised of 2,323 kg/ha/yr in Q. serrata, 442 kg/ha/yr in C. laxiflora, 157 kg/ha/yr in C. cordata, 131 kg/ha/yr in Acer pseudosieboldianum, 390 kg/ha/yr in other deciduous tree species, 74 kg/ha/yr in P. thunbergii, 37 kg/ha/yr in C. obtusa, 672 kg/ha/yr in branches, 515 kg/ha/yr in miscellaneous, 448 kg/ha/yr in reproductive parts, and 54 kg/ha/yr in barks. respectively. The results indicate that litterfall production of the Mt. Keumsan LTER site was yearly fructurated with the positive linear relationship between leaf or total litterfall and annual mean temperature if no disturbance such as a typoon, and was lower than that of other Korean LTER sites.