• 제목/요약/키워드: National Taiwan Normal University

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Distal Demonstrative Hitlo in Taiwanese Southern Min

  • Zhao, Yi-jing
    • 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국언어정보학회 2007년도 정기학술대회
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    • pp.522-530
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    • 2007
  • This article investigates the use of distal demonstrative Hitlo in Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM) from a discourse-pragmatic perspective. The analysis is based on a 5-hour corpus of spoken data, including daily conversations, radio interviews, TV drama series, and some random examples. A total of 172 tokens of Hitlos are identified in the data. They can be divided into six categories according to their functions: firstly, exophoric usage, those Hitlos which refer to an object non-linguistically which can be identified in the immediate situation; secondly, endophoric usage, those which refer to an element textually; thirdly, referent introducing function, those which can be used to introduce a new but identifiable referent into the conversation (the referent usually has topical importance); fourthly, hedging expression, those which serve as a marker of imprecision; fifthly, a condition introducing marker, those which function as an indicator of the coming of a conditional sentence; finally, pause fillers, those which help speakers to manage speech turn or indicate the mental states In addition, an interactive function which Hitlo is found to serve will be discussed. Moreover, a grammaticalizational process involving semantic bleaching which Hitlo is probably undergoing is revealed in general. Finally, a filled demonstrative principle, stating that it may be a universal phenomenon to use demonstratives as filled pause will be proposed.

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초등 예비교사의 VR/AR 활용 과학 수업 계획 과정에서 나타나는 TPACK 특징 -인식적 네트워크 분석을 중심으로- (Characteristics of Pre-service Elementary Teachers' TPACK in Science Lesson Planning Using VR/AR Contents: Focusing on Epistemic Network Analysis)

  • 차현정;가석현;윤혜경
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제43권3호
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    • pp.225-236
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    • 2023
  • 이 연구에서는 인식적 네트워크 분석(ENA)을 통해 초등 예비교사의 VR/AR 콘텐츠 활용 과학 수업 계획 과정에서 나타나는 TPACK의 특징을 알아보고자 했다. 연구자들은 기존의 TPACK 프레임워크에 기초하여 7개의 TPACK 코딩 요소를 귀납적으로 추출하였다. 그리고 초등 예비교사들이 과학 수업을 계획하며 나누는 담화를 TPACK 요소에 따라 코딩하고 이를 ENA Web Tool로 분석하였다. 두 모둠의 담화를 분석하고 비교하였는데 연구자들이 질적으로 분석한 두 모둠의 담화의 차이는 ENA 그래프를 통해 명확하게 드러났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 연구자들은 ENA 방법이 기존 TPACK 연구와 달리 테크놀로지 지식(TK), 내용 지식(CK), 교수 지식(PK)의 복합적 상호작용을 분석할 수 있는 유용한 연구 방법임을 주장하였다. 그리고 두 모둠의 담화에서 나타나는 특징을 통해 예비교사의 TPACK 역량 함양을 위한 시사점을 논의하였다.

Diffusion Tensor-Derived Properties of Benign Oligemia, True "at Risk" Penumbra, and Infarct Core during the First Three Hours of Stroke Onset: A Rat Model

  • Chiu, Fang-Ying;Kuo, Duen-Pang;Chen, Yung-Chieh;Kao, Yu-Chieh;Chung, Hsiao-Wen;Chen, Cheng-Yu
    • Korean Journal of Radiology
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.1161-1171
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    • 2018
  • Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate diffusion tensor (DT) imaging-derived properties of benign oligemia, true "at risk" penumbra (TP), and the infarct core (IC) during the first 3 hours of stroke onset. Materials and Methods: The study was approved by the local animal care and use committee. DT imaging data were obtained from 14 rats after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) using a 7T magnetic resonance scanner (Bruker) in room air. Relative cerebral blood flow and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were generated to define oligemia, TP, IC, and normal tissue (NT) every 30 minutes up to 3 hours. Relative fractional anisotropy (rFA), pure anisotropy (rq), diffusion magnitude (rL), ADC (rADC), axial diffusivity (rAD), and radial diffusivity (rRD) values were derived by comparison with the contralateral normal brain. Results: The mean volume of oligemia was $24.7{\pm}14.1mm^3$, that of TP was $81.3{\pm}62.6mm^3$, and that of IC was $123.0{\pm}85.2mm^3$ at 30 minutes after pMCAO. rFA showed an initial paradoxical 10% increase in IC and TP, and declined afterward. The rq, rL, rADC, rAD, and rRD showed an initial discrepant decrease in IC (from -24% to -36%) as compared with TP (from -7% to -13%). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in metrics, except rFA, were found between tissue subtypes in the first 2.5 hours. The rq demonstrated the best overall performance in discriminating TP from IC (accuracy = 92.6%, area under curve = 0.93) and the optimal cutoff value was -33.90%. The metric values for oligemia and NT remained similar at all time points. Conclusion: Benign oligemia is small and remains microstructurally normal under pMCAO. TP and IC show a distinct evolution of DT-derived properties within the first 3 hours of stroke onset, and are thus potentially useful in predicting the fate of ischemic brain.

Effect of probiotics Lactobacillus paracasei GKS6, L. plantarum GKM3, and L. rhamnosus GKLC1 on alleviating alcohol-induced alcoholic liver disease in a mouse model

  • Tsai, You-Shan;Lin, Shih-Wei;Chen, Yen-Lien;Chen, Chin-Chu
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.299-308
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    • 2020
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Heavy alcohol consumption causes the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a neglected but important public health problem. Many studies have pointed out that probiotics could improve gut health, which is also considered to be a cause of ALD. Therefore, this study screened the probiotics, Lactobacillus casei GKC1 (GKC1), L. fermentum GKF3 (GKF3), Bifidobacterium lactis GKK2 (GKK2), L. rhamnosus GKLC1 (GKLC1), L. paracasei GKS6 (GKS6), and L. plantarum GKM3 (GKM3), for their potential benefits in alleviating ALD for applications to disease prevention. SUBJECTS/METHODS: C57BL/6N mice were divided into 8 groups (n = 6 in each): normal control, positive control (alcohol-diet fed), and treatments of feeding probiotics GKC1, GKF3, GKK2, GKLC1, GKS6, and GKM3 under an oral dose 0.82 g/kg B.W. per day by oral gavage. The experiment was conducted for 8 weeks, and the concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) in mice were measured. The glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and histology were analyzed after sacrifice. RESULTS: The results showed a decrease in the serum ALT, liver TG, and liver TC levels in the GKS6, GKM3, and GKLC1 groups compared to the positive control. In addition, the decreasing GSH and CAT levels were inhibited in the GKS6 and GKM3 groups. The histopathological results showed that all probiotics could reduce the accumulation of liver fat. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in GKLC1 with lower stomach damage compared to the alcohol-fed mice without any addition of probiotics. CONCLUSIONS: GKLC1, GKS6, and GKM3 can be used as supplements for alleviating the development of ALD.

최근 천문학 연구 키워드와 천체 분야 교육과정 내용 요소 비교 분석 (A Comparative Analysis of Keywords in Astronomical Journals and Concepts in Secondary School Astronomy Curriculum)

  • 신현정;권우진;가석현
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제42권2호
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    • pp.289-309
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    • 2022
  • 힉스입자 발견, 블랙홀 이미지 촬영, 외계행성 탐사, 깊은 우주탐사, 중력파 관측 등 최근 천문학은 매우 빠르게 성장하고 있으며, 학생들도 상대적으로 흥미가 높은 분야이다. 본 연구의 목적은 최근 10년간 천문학 연구 저널에서 높은 빈도로 등장한 키워드들과 중고등학교 과학 교육과정에 포함된 천문학 내용 요소를 7개 영역별로 비교하여 천문학 교육과정 개선에 대한 시사점을 얻는 것이다. 우선 선정된 4개 저널-ApJ, ApJL, A&A, MNRAS-에 2011년부터 2020년까지 게재된 모든 논문의 키워드를 R 패키지로 수집하여 연구 동향을 살펴보았다. 교육과정 내용 요소는 7학년부터 12학년 학생이 배우는 과목 중 천문학 내용 요소가 포함된 6개 과목(과학, 통합과학, 지구과학I, 지구과학II, 물리II, 융합과학)의 2015 개정 교육과정 문서에 제시된 내용 체계표, 성취기준, 성취기준해설을 현직 교사들이 코딩한 결과를 종합하여 추출하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 천문학에서 꾸준하게 많이 등장하는 키워드는 'galaxies: formation, galaxies: active, star: formation, accretion, accretion discs, method: numerical'이다. 둘째, 천문학 교육과정은 모든 학생이 배우는 공통 과학 과목 안에서 'High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena' 영역을 제외한 모든 영역을 포함하도록 구성되었으나 키워드 수준에서 보면 과목별, 학년별 내용 요소 배치와 새롭게 도입할 만한 주제에 대한 검토가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 과목의 근간을 이루는 과학연구 분야와 교육과정을 비교한 탐색적 연구로서, 연구 결과는 향후 천문학 교육과정 개정에 시사점을 줄 수 있는 기초 연구가 되길 기대한다.

과학 디지털 교과서 실감형 콘텐츠에 대한 교사와 학생의 평가 -중학교 2학년 지구와 우주 영역 콘텐츠를 중심으로- (Evaluation of Teachers and Students on VR/AR Contents in the Science Digital Textbook: Focus on the Earth and Universe Area for the 8th Grade)

  • 차현정;가석현;윤혜경
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제43권2호
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    • pp.59-72
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    • 2023
  • 이 연구에서는 중학교 과학 교사 6명과 중학생 8명을 대상으로 집단 면담을 하여 중학교 과학 디지털 교과서의 실감형 콘텐츠에 대한 교사와 학생의 평가 기준 및 내용을 분석하였다. 평가 대상은 중학교 2학년 '지구와 우주' 영역에 수록된 2개의 증강현실 콘텐츠와 2개의 가상현실 콘텐츠였다. 연구 결과 교사와 학생들은 'VR/AR 매체 특성', '기술적 구동', '사용자 인터페이스', '교수-학습 설계 측면' 네 개의 평가 기준으로 실감형 콘텐츠를 평가하였다. 각 측면에서의 평가 내용은 다음과 같았다. 첫째, VR/AR 매체 특성 측면에서 실감형 콘텐츠의 신기함과 흥미로움 그리고 동영상과 같은 매체와 달리 직접 조작이 가능하다는 점은 긍정적으로 인식되었으나 시각적 실재감이 부족하고 마커 활용 부분이 부정적으로 평가되었다. 둘째, 기술적 구동 측면에서 특정 OS에서 제대로 작동되지 않는 점, 실감형 콘텐츠 앱 내 개별 콘텐츠의 용량이 크다는 점, 빈번한 앱 프리징 현상이 빈번하게 발생한다는 점이 부정적으로 평가되었다. 셋째, 낮은 직관성과 낮은 유연성으로 사용자 인터페이스 측면에서 부정적인 평가를 받았다. 넷째, 교수-학습 설계 측면에서 교사들은 콘텐츠에 과학적으로 정확한 정보가 포함되어 있는지, 학생들이 콘텐츠의 내용을 쉽게 이해할 수 있는지, 교사가 계획하는 수업 목표나 내용을 담고 있는지, 학생들의 탐구 활동에 도움이 되는지를 기준으로 실감형 콘텐츠를 평가하였으며 대체로 부정적인 평가가 많았다. 학생들은 주로 자신들의 과학 학습에 도움 여부를 기준으로 학교 과학 학습에서의 실감형 콘텐츠가 크게 필요하지 않다고 하였다. 이러한 연구 결과에 기초하여 과학 교수·학습을 위한 실감형 콘텐츠 개발 방향을 논의하고 후속 연구에 대해 제언하였다.

고양이 Horner's syndrome에 대한 침치료(針治療) 증예보고(症例報告) (Acupuncture Treatment in Feline Horner's Syndrome: Case Report)

  • 서금원;서청령;서금황;요진재;궐호연;정한문;전형규;김덕환
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.214-217
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    • 2007
  • 약 2개월령(個月齡)의 잡종 암컷 고양이가 영창동물병원(永昌動物病院)에 내원하였다. 1차(次) 진료시(診療時) 우측 눈의 축동(縮瞳) 및 순막 돌출(瞬膜 突出)이 인정되었으며, 또한 좌측 눈의 경도의 축동이 인정되어, 본 환축(患畜)은 고양이 Horner's syndrome으로 진단(診斷)되었다. 본 환축(患畜)에 대하여 안침(眼針) (상초 영역(上焦 領域), 10분간(分間)) 및 dexamethasone 약침(藥鍼)(0.2 ml/혈위: BL 01-정명(睛明) BL02-찬죽(纘竹) 및 ST01-승읍(承泣))을 각각(各各) 실시(實施)하였다. 1차 치료 후, 축동(縮瞳) 및 순막돌출(瞬膜突出)이 놀랍게도 소실되었다. 2차 진료시(1차 치료 후 1일)확인 결과, 눈의 소견은 정상 상태를 유지하고 있었다. 따라서 본(本) 증례(症例)는 침치료(鍼治療)에 양호(良好)한 반응(反應)을 나타낸 고양이 Horner's syndrome의 증례(症例)였다.

《典經》中的道術思想來源與轉化運用研究 (The Study of the Origin and Transformation of the Arts of the Dao in The Canonical Scripture)

  • 謝聰輝
    • 대순사상논총
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    • 제36집
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    • pp.267-298
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    • 2020
  • 本文以〈《典經》中的道術思想來源與轉化運用研究〉為題, 主要採取溯源與比較的方法, 希望能較清楚梳理大巡真理會關於道術部分核心的思想淵源, 與其經實踐工夫轉變運用的巧妙智慧。除前言與結語兩節外, 第二節〈運度定數 : 《典經》天地公事與道教開劫度人比較〉中, 析論會造成否劫的原因, 除了歸諸於自古以來神明與人類的冤結怨深有關之外, 主要跟中國自古自然曆數週期的運行思想有關。而在調整度數的天地公事上, 姜聖上帝是主控且親力親為, 信徒只是配合的輔助角色 ; 道教則更強調經典的神聖經德功能, 以及需要負責的高真集體參與運作, 而不是至高神元始天尊一人所能獨為。第三節 〈道術儀式的來源與運用特質〉分析上, 除探究了五方將, 二十四將, 二十八將與四十八將的來源意涵外, 也論證了《典經》 中一部分道術經咒與道教神霄雷法的關係, 最後則提出了其中的遁甲步罡儀式與六壬式盤占卜操作有關的看法。

동병하치 확산을 위한 전략적 방향과 이행방안 (Strategic Direction and Road Map of Expanding Prevention of Winter Disease in the Summer)

  • 송호섭
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.147-157
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    • 2010
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to propose appropriate strategic directions and road maps for successful achievement of programs preventing winter disease in the summer. Methods : Details on programs preventing winter disease in the summer such as clear concept, theoretical basis, current status, intervention or available prescriptions and indication/contraindication/caution were prepared through the related journal review, upon which an observational study was devised and done for simulation to find out even a trivial problem and to guarantee the safety beforehand. The experimental group was divided into 5 groups by the size of pill and the way ginger is treated; 1cm pill with ginger group, 3cm pill group without ginger, 3cm pill group dipped into ginger, 3cm pill group applying ginger to acupoints and 3cm pill group with ginger Results 1. program preventing winter disease in the summer was defined as representative winter diseases such as common cold, influenza, chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, emphysema, chronic gastritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and preventive care in the summer, reinforcing deficient yang qi of five viscera by using exuberant yang qi from summer heat. 2. It was based upon historically established theories which is 'nourishing yang qi in the spring and summer', 'long summer, namely rainy spell in the summer overwhelms the winter, because of earth winning water according to the five phases theory' and 'To replenish yang qi is major principle to treat winter diseases, which can be most appropriately and timely applied to the patient with deficient yang qi of five viscera inherently, especially in the three dog days of the summer, because of exuberant exterior yang qi and deficient interior yang qi in the five viscera'. 3. In the adjacent China and Taiwan, acupoint applying method in the three dog days named 'San Fu Tie' have been stirring a boom throughout the nation, in which Xiaochuan Gao was used as a basic prescription and it mainly was applied at bilateral $BL_{13}$, $_{15}$ and $_{17}$ for about 4 hours. As far as domestic current status, the necessity of adopting the above method prior to Herbal formula was also recognised, because not a few koreans have apprehension for the safety of it including medicinal herbs and are reluctant to take it any more due to negative advertisement of narrow minded doctors' association. 4. Indication of acupoint applying method in the three dog days included most of winter diseases such as common cold, influenza, chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, emphysema, chronic gastritis. contraindication was pregnant woman and the weak such as infants and the old. More attention was paid to grasp firmly the normal reaction following the treatment for preventing side effect and teasing blister. recommendation was also given to abstain from food inducing phlegm and dampness such as meat, shrimp and crab as well as cold drinks and foods 5. In the simulation observational study based upon the above findings following review the related articles, no blister was shown on the acupoints icluding bilateral $BL_{13}$, $_{15}$ and $_{17}$ in every experimental group during 24hr observation following the acupoint applying treatment with pills made by modified and devised prescription. At 4 hr, the effectiveness of it reached a peak showing redness and mild tenderness and there is little difference between groups 3cm pills groups regardless of the way ginger was treated. abdominal distention and growling was found in all the volunteers during the treatment at CV 8. Strategic directions and road maps : Through successful fulfillment of the program preventing winter disease in the summer, Korean traditional medicine should be integrated into mainstream national health care services. Cultural access was thought to be as important as Scientific EBM approach. First of all, To evoke potential cultural homogeneity from campaigns and press advertisement was needed for promoting public awareness about preventing winter disease in the summer by enhancing immunity via acupoint applying treatment in the three dog days, and then indigenous name as Sambokcheop, protocol, Clinical Research Form for data collection of it should be developed and prepared. Once the first step was taken this summer, through a thorough data collection and scrutinized scientific evaluation, drawbacks should be compensted for and the efficacy and safety should be substantiated.