• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39A no.12
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• pp.699-707
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• 2014

Recently, the communication between LED array and camera, called Visual-MIMO, is under active research and we expect the maximization of application to the vehicle as well as smart-phone. In this paper, we improve the BER performance of Visual-MIMO system by using the brightness information of a received image. We also suggest the error correction method to minimize the error due to Inter-Symbol-Interference. The performance analysis according to the noise and distance variation will verify the validity of our proposed method including results through simulation and hardware experiment.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.4E
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• pp.3-16
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• 2001

An ASCII encoding of Korean has been developed for extended phonetic transcription of the Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA). SAMPA is a machine-readable phonetic alphabet used for multilingual computing. It has been developed since 1987 and extended to more than twenty languages. The motivating factor for creating Korean SAMPA (K-SAMPA) is to label Korean speech for a multilingual corpus or to transcribe native language (Ll) interfered pronunciation of a second language learner for bilingual education. Korean SAMPA represents each Korean allophone with a particular SAMPA symbol. Sounds that closely resemble it are represented by the same symbol, regardless of the language they are uttered in. Each of its symbols represents a speech sound that is spectrally and temporally so distinct as to be perceptually different when the components are heard in isolation. Each type of sound has a separate IPA-like designation. Korean SAMPA is superior to other transcription systems with similar objectives. It describes better the cross-linguistic sound quality of Korean than the official Romanization system, proclaimed by the Korean government in July 2000, because it uses an internationally shared phonetic alphabet. It is also phonetically more accurate than the official Romanization in that it dispenses with orthographic adjustments. It is also more convenient for computing than the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) because it consists of the symbols on a standard keyboard. This paper demonstrates how the Korean SAMPA can express allophonic details and prosodic features by adopting the transcription conventions of the extended SAMPA (X-SAMPA) and the prosodic SAMPA(SAMPROSA).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.330-336
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• 2011

The recent disaster of earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 severely attacked East Japanese cities and people, and in addition, the accident of nuclear power station will inevitably damage the agricultural activities there. The economical depression influences on the horticulture and floriculture industry as well, through the reluctant consumption all over the country. Such a situation reflects a conventional perception that the garden plants or ornamental plants have been regarded as a symbol of capitalism, representing the success, luxury, beauty or other metaphors indicating the winners of business war. But as the word "culture" means "cultivation" originally, horti "culture" or flori "culture" should have played some roles in cultivating lands as well as cultivation of human minds, leading to develop a modern "culture" which may lay emphases on personality, originality, partnership, cooperation, diversity and so forth. In this article, a brief history of garden plants in Japan, as well as some current movements in Japanese horticulture and floriculture, is reviewed with some commodities which possess messages on creating a new humane culture.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.3-7
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• 2015

Recently, a lot of research effort has been directed toward spectrum sensing and identification of OFDM signals as the OFDM technique has been adopted for transmission in many wireless communications standards. Among them, two popular WLAN standards, IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11n, have a very similar OFDM symbol structure in terms of the lengths of CP(cyclic prefix) and effective OFDM symbol and so it is not straightforward to distinguish them with existing spectrum sensing methods based on the difference in the parameters. In this paper, we present a spectrum sensing strategy for identifying them by exploiting the fact that they employ different bandwidths and examine its performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.53-65
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• 2001

The major purpose of this study is to obtain the evident and visual structure of costume of priest with symbol through the Old Testament. Based on corroborative the Old Testament, this thesis analyzes the costume of priest. This compares Aaron with his sons. This compares the two onyx stones on the shoulder pieces with four rows of precious stones on the breastpiece. This compares the robe with the woven tunic. This era falls on about from the 15th century before Christ. The crafts men whom God have endowed with skill make the vestments. Due to the christian religion, the body was entirely concealed. The costume of priest were not only used as dignity but also grandeur. According to the Old Testament the colour of the costume has signified not only the colour sense but also important symbolic meanings. The priest wore, over undergarments, a woven tunic, and he wore over the tunic, a robe, an ephod, a breastpiece, a sash, using a turban as head covering. Gold, and blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and fine linen are used. Aaron and his sons must wear them whenever they enter the Tent of Meeting or approach the altar to minister in the Holy Place, so that they will not incur guilt and die.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1951-1956
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• 2013

Distribution-matching type algorithms based on a set of symbols generated in random order provide a limited performance under biased impulsive noise since the performance criterion for the algorithms has no variables for biased signal. For the immunity against biased impulsive noise, we propose, in this paper, a modified performance criterion and derived related blind algorithms based on augmented filter structures and the distribution-matching method using a set of random symbols. From the simulation results, the proposed algorithm based on the proposed criterion yielded superior convergence performance undisturbed by the strong biased impulsive noise.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is on the meaning and variety about gender expressed in modern fashion. The results are as follows ; First, the typical masculine gender was authority, discretion as a result of heteropatriarchy focused on the western reason. It was conservative and the symbolic image type of the meaning excluded masculine sexual expression. Dress and its ornament was expressed as the style of straight silhouette, dark color, rough and stiff material. Second, the typical feminine gender was the symbolic image type of a mother and a wife defined relatively by man as a result of western heteropatriarchy and the image type which men regarded women as sexual objects. Dress and its ornament was expressed as the style of silhouette which let bodily curve out, light color, soft material. The most typical item is dress and suit. Third, androgyny has been described as the feminie gender of androgynous, which shows masculine image as the effect of feminism and social success of professional women. Dress and its ornament is expressed as the style of business suit, the symple of typical man's one. The masculine gender of androgynous is showed man's suit as silhouette that let bodily curve out, light color, exposure and soft material, which is the symbol of feminine dress, Fourth, unisex is the area of dress and its ornament used the sexless symbol which there has been no gender more because of the spread of sports and diffusion of leisure in life style.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.42 no.10 s.340
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• pp.25-30
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• 2005

This paper generalizes the concept of the signal space detection to construct a fixed delay tree search (FDTS) detector which estimates a block of n channel symbols at a time. This technique is applicable to high speed implementation. Two approaches are discussed both of which are based on efficient signal space partitioning. In the first approach, symbol detection is performed based on a multi-class partitioning of the signal space. This approach is a generalization of binary symbol detection based on a two-class pattern classification. In the second approach, binary signal detection is combined with a look-ahead technique, resulting in a highly parallel detector architecture.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.355-392
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• 2013

Generally school algebra is to start with introducing variables and algebraic expressions, which have major cognitive obstacles to students in the transfer from arithmetic to algebra. But the recent studies in the teaching school algebra argue the algebraic thinking from an early algebraic point of view. We compare the Korean elementary mathematics textbooks with Americans from this perspective. First, we discuss the history of school algebra in the school curriculum. And Second, we investigate the recent studies in relation to early algebra. We clarify the goals of this study(the importance of early algebra in the elementary school) through these discussions. Next we examine closely the number sense in the arithmetic and the symbol sense in the algebra. And we conclude that the operation sense can connect these senses within early algebra using the algebraic thinking. Finally, we compare the elementary mathematics books between Korean and American according to the components of the operation sense. In this comparative study, we identify a possibility of teaching algebraic thinking in the elementary mathematics and early algebra can be introduced to the elementary mathematics textbooks from aspects of the operation sense.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.189-203
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• 2014

In this study, Creative motifs using face composition of Jogakbo and Knot Symbol were developed, and applied to traditional Baeja of Joseon Dynasty to develop design contents of traditional clothes. As for study method, 7 motifs of new formative image that integrates traditional beauty and contemporary sense were developed by applying Knot Symbols and face compositions of Jogakbo with the use of Adobe Illustrator CS6 and Adobe Photoshop CS6 vector graphic software. The motifs were designed in contemporary image in face compositions like rectangle pattern, triangle pattern, dual rectangle pattern, vertical and horizontal pattern, pinwheel pattern, gojunmun pattern and free pattern by involving various changes like repetition, rotation, reduction, expansion and decomposition and using the colors used in the Jogakbo. It is desired that through this study, traditional Baeja may develop to bear traditional and contemporary image so that our traditional clothes design may become global. Also it is anticipated that this study will contribute to development of culture products of Hanbok like Jeogori, pants and skirt that require change of design in the global era while maintaining traditional beauty to appeal to the emotions of world citizens.