• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2022

Background: In the dental hygiene curriculum, efforts are being made to introduce an integrated curriculum based on the competency of a dental hygienist. Because there is a connection and overlap in learning contents between Dental Nutrition and Oral Biochemistry, which are basic dental hygiene subjects, it is possible to integrate these two subjects. This study aims to derive Nutritional Biochemistry as an integrated curriculum for Dental Nutrition and Oral Biochemistry, and to develop learning goals and competencies for Dental Nutritional Biochemistry. Methods: The learning contents of the integrated curriculum were composed by referring to the contents of the Dental Nutrition and Oral Biochemistry textbooks, and learning goals were derived from the learning contents. Moreover, competency was developed by analyzing the duties of a dental hygienist that can be performed through the learning goals. The Delphi survey was conducted twice to verify the content validity ratio (CVR) of the competence and the learning goal of the integrated curriculum. Results: In the first Delphi survey, the CVR for two competencies was 0.56 or higher. Moreover, it was revised based on expert's opinions, and as a result of the second Delphi survey after the revision, the CVR was either increased or maintained. Eighty-five learning goals were derived by referring to the textbook. According to CVR and expert opinions, after the first Delphi survey, the number of learning goals was reduced to 69. After the second Delphi survey, 68 learning goals were finally derived. Conclusion: The development process of the integrated curriculum conducted in this study can be utilized for integration between subjects in basic dental hygiene.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 2012

Objectives: This study aims to compare the contents of physical activity questions of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES), and to propose suggestions for improvement. Methods: Questions measuring physical activity prevalence of adults in the KNHANES from KNHANES I(1998) to the first year of KNHANES V(2010) were compared. Results: The questions used in each survey showed some problems in consistency and appropriateness. Major issues identified are as follows. First, the questions in each survey were not consistent, and would be inappropriate to make time series comparisons. Second, the purpose of physical activity was not clear. Third, the examples of physical activities suggested in the questions were not appropriate. Fourth, the intensity of physical activity were not adequately described. Fifth, by excluding walking from the moderate-intensity physical activity category, the prevalence of moderate-intensity physical activity could be underestimated. Sixth, it is difficult to measure the total amount of physical activity performed in one day because answers from the other domains cannot be clearly differentiated. Conclusions: The physical activity questions in the KNHANES questionnaire should be improved so that they are consistent with the purpose of survey, the respondents can easily understand the contents of the questions, and the questions can measure all physical activity performed in the different domains.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1061-1070
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the diet with the amount and the qualitative assessment of nutrient intakes by the economic level. Data from the 1998 Korean Health and Nutrition Survey were used. Using the poverty line based on the 1998 Korean minimum cost of living, Subjects (n = 10400) were classified into high class (36.1％), middle class (40.7％) and low class (23.1％). Chi-square-test and Analysis of Variance following Duncan's multiple range test were used to test the difference in nutrient intake pattern among three groups ($\alpha$ = 0.05). The amount of nutrient intake and nutrient intake adequacy were statistically different by the economic level (p<0.01). The ratio of energy intake from carbohydrate is higher than the criteria of WHO recommendation in all economic levels. Especially people in the low class depended much on the carbohydrate for the energy intake. The ratio of energy from the protein and fat are lower in the middle and low class than that of the high class. The Intake level of calcium and vitamin B$_2$ were lower than those of the Recommended Dietary intake level, regardless of economic status. It also showed differences in major food sources of nutrients by the economic level Consequently, it seems that the nutrition policy and program should be prepared according to their economic status. Also, there should more detailed studies to find out the nutrient intake pattern, their determinant, and health consequences.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.723-731
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• 2009

Instant noodle is one of the most popular foods in Korea. The objective of this study was to examine the association of instant noodle consumption and food and nutrient intake among children and teenagers in Korea. We used dietary data from 24-h recall of 1,748 subjects aged 7-19 years who participated in the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Those who consumed instant noodle once or more during the survey period were categorized as "instant noodle consumer (INC)" and were compared for food and nutrient intakes with the others (non-INC). The average age of the INC was 13.4 and that of the non-INC was 12.4; girls consumed more instant noodles than boys (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in BMI between the two groups. With the exception of grains, as compared to the non-INC, the INC consumed significantly less amounts of potatoes, vegetables, mush-rooms, fruits, spices, seafood, and milk and dairy products. With respect to nutrient intakes, the INC-group showed significantly higher nutrient intakes of energy, fat, carbohydrate, sodium, thiamine, and riboflavin; however, as compared to the non-INC-group, the INC-group showed significantly less intakes of calcium, niacin, and vitamin C. The overall result suggests that consuming instant noodles may lead to excessive intake of fat and sodium, but it may cause an increased intake of thiamine and riboflavin. Therefore, nutrition education that helps children and teenagers choose a balanced meal while consuming instant noodle should be carried out. In addition, manufactures of instant noodles should consider nutritional aspects in product development processes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.96-104
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• 2013

Objectives: The inherent nature of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) design requires special analysis by incorporating sample weights, stratification, and clustering not used in ordinary statistical procedures. Methods: This study investigated the proportion of research papers that have used an appropriate statistical methodology out of the research papers analyzing the KNHANES cited in the PubMed online system from 2007 to 2012. We also compared differences in mean and regression estimates between the ordinary statistical data analyses without sampling weight and design-based data analyses using the KNHANES 2008 to 2010. Results: Of the 247 research articles cited in PubMed, only 19.8% of all articles used survey design analysis, compared with 80.2% of articles that used ordinary statistical analysis, treating KNHANES data as if it were collected using a simple random sampling method. Means and standard errors differed between the ordinary statistical data analyses and design-based analyses, and the standard errors in the design-based analyses tended to be larger than those in the ordinary statistical data analyses. Conclusions: Ignoring complex survey design can result in biased estimates and overstated significance levels. Sample weights, stratification, and clustering of the design must be incorporated into analyses to ensure the development of appropriate estimates and standard errors of these estimates.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.378-388
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• 2019

This study aimed to assess the nutritional quality of breakfast among Korean school-aged children and adolescents depending on eating together as a family, based on the 2013-2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. One day 24-hour recall data of 1,831 children and adolescents aged from 6 to 17 years were collected. The nutritional quality of breakfast was analyzed and compared between Family Breakfast Group (FBG, n=1,410) and Eating-alone Breakfast Group (EBG, n=421). The results showed that age, family structure, number of family members, and frequency of breakfast were associated with eating breakfast as a family. The calorie intake from breakfast explained 19% and 16% of the daily intake for FBG and EBG, respectively. The percentages of children and adolescents consuming Vitamin A, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin C, Niacin, and Iron less than 1/4 of the Estimated Average Requirements were significantly lower in FBG than in EBG. The average numbers of serving for "Grains" and "Vegetables" food groups and the average Dietary Diversity Score were significantly higher in FBG than in EBG. Overall, the results indicated that eating breakfast as a family is positively associated with nutritional quality of breakfast among Korean school-aged children and adolescents.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2019

This study aimed to introduce what Korea national oral health surveys are and examine recent oral health status in Korean children. Korea Government has implemented national oral health-related surveys during the past two decades. The surveys with oral health examination are Korean Children's National Oral Health Survey (KCNOHS) since 2000 in 5-year-old and 12-year-old children and Korea National Hhealth and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) since 2007 aged 1 year and more. KCNOHS provides the information about the distribution of prevalence of dental caries, gingival health, behavioral factors, and dental clinic demands etc. KNHANES has huge amount of health data for representative Korean population including oral health and general conditions. Based on KCNOHS, the prevalence of dental caries and its experience has decreased steadily, and the status of oral hygiene and preventive treatment called sealents has been also improved after the year of 2000. However, there is still a gap to reach to those of Western developed countries. Therefore, more effective oral health policy plans and strategies for Korean children and adolescents are needed to prevent and manage for dental caries in private and clinical field of dentistry with public sector.

• Journal of the FoodService Safety
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2020

This study sought to understand the requirements of registered institutions and parents of beneficiary children's through a satisfaction survey conducted at Center for Children's Foodservice Management (CCFSM) and to improve quality to create a model example of site-based meal safety management in accordance with population trends. In 2019, the comprehensive satisfaction level of the director and parents rose 2.4 points and 2.9 points, respectively, compared to the previous year, and the comprehensive satisfaction level of the director and parents continued to rise from 2015 to 2019. The gap between the highest and lowest institutions is narrowed to 13.5 points year-on-year from 21.4 points. National Institute of Food and Nutrition Service will need to make efforts to upgrade regional centers through (Human Resource Development(HRD) training to strengthen their job-specific capabilities and minimize the standard deviation of each center. Since local centers are distributed across the country and have field-oriented service support systems, CCFSM will need to manage the healthy eating habits of the underprivileged, provide information necessary to establish proper eating habits, strengthen education, and establish a customized food safety service system.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.15-31
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• 2000

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.435-442
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a fatty acid database (DB) for estimation of intake levels of fatty acids in the Korean population, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES). Methods: Analytical values of fatty acids in foods were collected from food composition tables of national institutions (National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Rural Development Administration), Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, US Department of Agriculture, and journal articles that previously reported analytical fatty acid content of some Korean foods. The coverage of fatty acids was C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, C20:5 n-3 (EPA), C22:6 n-3 (DHA), SFA, MUFA, and PUFA (n-3, n-6, n-9). The fatty acids DB covered a total of 5,144 food items used in the KNHANES nutrition survey. The food items were preferentially filled with analytical values of the collected data source. An analytical value for each food item was selected based on the priority criteria and the quality evaluation of data sources. Missing values were replaced with calculated or imputed values using the analytical values of similar food items from the data source. Results: A total of 1,545 analytical values, 2,589 calculated values, and 1,010 imputed values were included in the fatty acid DB. The developed fatty acid DB was applied to 2,112 food items available for 2011 KNHANES data. Mean intake levels of total fatty acids and saturated fatty acids were 40.3 g/day and 13.2 g/day, respectively. The estimation of total fatty acid intake was 84.3% (men 83.2%, women 86.0%) of daily total fat intake. Conclusion: This newly developed fatty acid DB would be helpful in determining the association of fatty acids intake and related health concerns in the Korean population.