• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 2014

This study aims to analyze the current status of government-designated cultural heritage that are protected as sacred natural sites, focused on natural monuments and scenic sites, and provide basic research for these cultural heritage to be included in the protected area category. First, among natural cultural heritage that are designated and protected by Cultural heritage Protection Law, there are 40 scenic sites and 126 natural monuments that have been selected as sacred nature sites. Second, the study showed that sacred nature sites are sacred places that have been long associated with happiness and misfortune of the villagers, including Dangsan Forest, Seunghwanglim(Forest), and, as physical environment and combination of cultural value, rules, and attitude and belief system toward the land that protect the people. The unique folk beliefs of the region provide strong protection of the place. Third, although the natural monuments of old and large trees are not included in the protected area as they are recognized sparsely, but can be designated as world protected area as protected areas are set around sacred nature sites. Fourth, in order to be included in IUCN category, sacred natural sites of scenic sites will need to be managed by specific categories of each area according to the interior status of the designated areas and maintain the sustainability of the natural heritage by protecting both physical and spiritual elements.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.329-339
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• 2021

Soybeans (Glycine max), one of major upland crops, require precise management of environmental conditions, such as temperature, water, and soil, during cultivation since they are sensitive to environmental changes. Application of spectral technologies that measure the physiological state of crops remotely has great potential for improving quality and productivity of the soybean by estimating yields, physiological stresses, and diseases. In this study, we developed and validated a soybean growth prediction model using multispectral imagery. We conducted a linear regression analysis between vegetation indices and soybean growth data (fresh weight and LAI) obtained at Miryang fields. The linear regression model was validated at Goesan fields. It was found that the model based on green ratio vegetation index (GRVI) had the greatest performance in prediction of fresh weight at the calibration stage (R²=0.74, RMSE=246 g/m², RE=34.2%). In the validation stage, RMSE and RE of the model were 392 g/m² and 32%, respectively. The errors of the model differed by cropping system, For example, RMSE and RE of model in single crop fields were 315 g/m² and 26%, respectively. On the other hand, the model had greater values of RMSE (381 g/m²) and RE (31%) in double crop fields. As a result of developing models for predicting a fresh weight into two years (2018+2020) with similar accumulated temperature (AT) in three years and a single year (2019) that was different from that AT, the prediction performance of a single year model was better than a two years model. Consequently, compared with those models divided by AT and a three years model, RMSE of a single crop fields were improved by about 29.1%. However, those of double crop fields decreased by about 19.6%. When environmental factors are used along with, spectral data, the reliability of soybean growth prediction can be achieved various environmental conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.85-98
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• 2003

There has recently been an increasing interest of the watershed management as a solution to a wide range of problems related water environment, therefore this study attempted to construct the environment information system to monitor the Geumho River watershed, and to evaluate the impacts of the watershed characteristics on stream water quality. A detailed GIS database to analyze the environmental characteristics at the subwatershed units, including 1:25,000 scale topographical maps, detailed soil maps, land use, 10m-resolution DEMs, roads, streams, vegetation index(NDVI) calculated from Landsat TM imagery, rainfall, and soil loss using RUSLE, is compiled for the study area. The set of variables representing watershed urbanization or industrialization, residential and commercial landuse, industrial landuse, and road area have significantly negative(-) relationship with water quality variables(BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P). On the other hand, watershed indicators related to natural environmental conditions, forest cover and vegetation index(NDVI) in each subwatershed were significantly positive(+) relationship with water quality. Three other variables, agricultural landuse, amount of fertilizer and pesticides, and potential soil loss, were not significant in explaining the correlations between watershed environment and stream water quality.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.531-536
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• 2007

The review is to introduce newly developed papermaking additives that has been applied to obtain a optimized papermaking production processes through paper quality and productivity improvements in recent years and near future. Not only the introduction of newly developed papermaking additives, but also the discussion on their application principles, methods, controls, inspections, and future development direction has been presented in the paper. The development of papermaking technology has focused on papermaking productivity, paper quality, and production effectiveness improvement through the optimization of the already developed technologies. It is thus concluded that even if noticeable innovative changes has not been in an area of papermaking additives, the development of several important papermaking additives in a technical aspect has been reported and improved the control and management of the papermaking system based on the development.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2008

The loss, alteration, and fragmentation of habitat have led to a reduction of biodiversity. The growing awareness of the negative effects of habitat fragmentation on natural systems has resulted in conservation strategy that is concerned with not only population and habitat level but also ecosystem and landscape level. Especially, ecological network to link core areas or major habitat patches is one of the most important issues. Recently, landscape connectivity is increasingly used in decision making for fragmented landscape management in order to conserve the biodiversity in the regional scale. The objective of this study was to find potential forest as a ecological corridor in Go-yang city, Gyung-gi province using cost-distance modelling method that can measure connectivity based on animal movement. 'Least cost-distance' modelling based on functional connectivity can be useful to establish ecological network and biodiversity conservation plan. This method calculates the distance modified with the cost to move between habitat patches based on detailed geographical information on the landscape as well as behavioural aspects of the animal movement. The least cost-distance models are based on two biologically assumptions: (1) dispersers have complete knowledge of their surroundings, and (2) they do select the least cost route from this information. As a result of this study, we can find wildlife moving route for biodiversity conservation. The result is very useful for long-term aspect of biodiversity conservation plan in regional scale, because this is reflection of geographical information and behavioural aspects of the animal movement.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.459-481
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular flora of Mt. Munsu. The vascular plants collected in 13 times(from Mar. to Oct. 2009) were identified as 511 taxa in total, including 113 families, 332 genera, 445 species, 5 subspecies, 46 varieties, 5 forms. Among them, 6 taxa of the Korea Forest Service-designated rare & endangered plants and the Korean endemic plants were identified as 2 taxa. Based on the list of approved for delivering overseas of plants, 6 taxa were recorded in the investigated area. The Ministry of Environment-designated plants, which should be protected by the wildlife protection law, were identified as 2 taxa and 39 taxa of specially designated plants by the Ministry of Environment. The naturalized plants were identified as 53 taxa, and their naturalization ratio and urban index were found to be 10,3%, and 18.5% respectively. There existed many kinds of plants resources having conservational value like Ranunculus trichophyllus var. kadzusensis, Jeffersonia dubia etc, in this area, but there remains a fear of nature destruction's acceleration due to indiscriminate human development and access of a lot of visitors, so it is judged that there should be a management plan, such as a limit on the number of visitors or rest-year-system for restoration of nature.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 2021

Ecosystem services play a role in promoting sustainable development by contributing to human welfare. For sustainable development, a balance between supply and demand for ecosystem services must be made. In this regard, in this study, factor analysis was performed using the results of measuring ecosystem services for the supply of ecosystem services and national statistical data representing socio-economic factors for demand for ecosystem services The results of analysis for Gyeong-gi Province are as follows. The service supply based on the result of ecosystem services was divided into the mixed service provisioning as factor1, the food provisioning as factor2, and the P retention service provisioning area as factor3. As for the demand for services based on socio-economic factors, factor1 is divided into urbanized areas, factor2 is forest development area, and factor3 is agricultural activity development area. Local governments that maintain balance were evaluated as Pocheon, Yangpyeong, Icheon, Pyeongtaek, Goyang, Suwon, Gwangmyeong, and Osan, and imbalanced local governments appeared in Gimpo, Uiwang, Anseong, and Yeoju. A management plan to maintain the balance between supply and demand of ecosystem services was suggested. The analysis method and results of this study are expected to be applicable to various local governments through regional expansion.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.175-186
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• 2019

Efforts have been made to introduce the climate smart agriculture (CSA) for adaptation to future climate conditions, which would require collection and management of site specific meteorological data. The objectives of this study were to identify requirements for construction of agricultural meteorology information service system (AMISS) using technologies that lead to the fourth industrial revolution, e.g., internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and cloud computing. The IoT sensors that require low cost and low operating current would be useful to organize wireless sensor network (WSN) for collection and analysis of weather measurement data, which would help assessment of productivity for an agricultural ecosystem. It would be recommended to extend the spatial extent of the WSN to a rural community, which would benefit a greater number of farms. It is preferred to create the big data for agricultural meteorology in order to produce and evaluate the site specific data in rural areas. The digital climate map can be improved using artificial intelligence such as deep neural networks. Furthermore, cloud computing and fog computing would help reduce costs and enhance the user experience of the AMISS. In addition, it would be advantageous to combine environmental data and farm management data, e.g., price data for the produce of interest. It would also be needed to develop a mobile application whose user interface could meet the needs of stakeholders. These fourth industrial revolution technologies would facilitate the development of the AMISS and wide application of the CSA.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2021

This study intended to assess the reliability of topographic data using satellite imaging data. The topographical data using actual instrumentation data and satellite image data were established and applied to the rainfall-leak model, S-RAT, and the topographical data and outflow data were compared and analyzed. The actual measurement data were collected from the Water Resources Management Information System (WAMIS), and satellite image data were collected from MODIS observation sensors mounted on Terra satellites. The areas subject to analysis were selected for two rivers with more than 80% mountainous areas in the Han River basin and one river basin with more than 7% urban areas. According to the analysis, the difference between instrumentation data and satellite image data was up to 50% for peak floods and up to 17% for flood totals in rivers with high mountains, but up to 13% for peak floods and up to 4% for flood totals. The biggest difference in the video data is Landuse, which shows that MODIS satellite images tend to be recognized as cities up to 60% or more in urban streams compared to WAMIS instrumentation data, but MODIS satellite images are found to be less than 5% error in forest areas.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.298-309
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• 2018

This study examined the multi-functionality of an eco-pastoral system in alpine grassland and measured its economic value. The multi-functionality can be divided into three categories: direct-use value, indirect-use value, and heritage value. Direct-use value includes both extractive (forage and livestock production) and non-extractive (recreation and tourism) functions. Indirect-use value includes the functions of water conservation, soil erosion control, atmospheric control, landscape, livestock-manure management, and forest firebreaks. The heritage value includes the function of species diversity. The results showed that the annual value for 1 hectare of the eco-pastoral system in alpine grassland's direct use was estimated to be 21,090,874 Korean won; the indirect-use value was 15,562,203 won when the landscape in grassland system, and 16,018,224 won when the landscape comprised in silvopastoral system. The value of the species diversity in heritage terms ranged from 767,273 to 1,578,845 won, depending on whether it included any endangered species. The total value of multi-functionality of the eco-pastoral system in alpine grassland was estimated to be a minimum of 37,420,350 won/ha and a maximum of 38,687,942 won/ha. The results of this study can provide useful insights for the eco-pastoral system in alpine grassland policies in Republic of Korea.