• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.93-106
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• 2014

In this study, Analyze environment of location, investigation into vegetation resources, survey management status and establish to classify the management area for Natural monument No.374 Pyengdae-ri Torreya nucifera forest. The results were as follows: First, Torreya nucifera forest is concerned about influence of development caused by utilization of land changes to agricultural region. Thus, establish to preservation management plan for preservation of prototypical and should be excluded development activity to cause the change of terrain that Gotjawal in the Torreya nucifera forest is factor of base for generating species diversity. Secondly, Torreya nucifera forest summarized as 402 taxa composed 91 familly 263 genus, 353 species, 41 varieties and 8 forms. The distribution of plants for the first grade & second grade appear of endangered plant to Ministry of Environment specify. But, critically endangered in forest by changes in habitat, diseases and illegal overcatching. Therefore, when establishing forest management plan should be considered for put priority on protection. Thirdly, Torreya nucifera representing the upper layer of the vegetation structure. But, old tree oriented management and conservation strategy result in poor age structure. Furthermore, desiccation of forest on artificial management and decline in Torreya nucifera habitat on ecological succession can indicate a problem in forest. Therefore, establish plan such as regulation of population density and sapling tree proliferation for sustainable characteristics of the Torreya nucifera forest. Fourth, Appear to damaged of trails caused by use. Especially, Scoria way occurs a lot of damaged and higher than the share ratio of each section. Therefore, share ratio reduction Plan should be considered through the additional development of tourism routes rather than the replacement of Scoria. Fifth, Representing high preference of the Torreya nucifera forest tourist factor confirmed the plant elements. It is sensitive to usage pressure. And requires continuous monitoring by characteristic of Non-permanent. In addition, need an additional plan such as additional development of tourism elements and active utilizing an element of high preference. Sixth, Strength of protected should be differently accordance with importance. First grade area have to maintenance of plant population and natural habitats. Set the direction of the management. Second grade areas focus on annual regeneration of the forest. Third grade area should be utilized demonstration forest or set to the area for proliferate sapling. Fourth grade areas require the introduced of partial rest system that disturbance are often found in proper vegetation. Fifth grade area appropriate to the service area for promoting tourism by utilizing natural resources in Torreya nucifera forest. Furthermore, installation of a buffer zone in relatively low ratings area and periodic monitoring to the improvement of edge effect that adjacent areas of different class.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 2012

The $5^{th}$ national forest inventory (NFI5) has been reorganized to annual inventory system for providing multi-resources forest statistics at a point in time. The objective of this study is to evaluate statistical estimators for estimating forest growing stock in Chungcheongbuk-Do from annual inventory data. When comparing two estimators; simple random sampling (SRS) and double sampling for post-stratification (DSS), for estimating mean forest growing stock ($m^3/ha$) at each surveyed year, the estimate for DSS in which a population of interest is stratified into three sub-population (forest cover types) was more precise than that for SRS. To combine annual inventory field data, three estimators (Temporally Indifferent Method; TIM, Moving Average; MA, and Weighted Moving Average; WMA) were compared. Even though the estimated mean for TIM and WMA is identical, WMA-DSS is preferred to provide more smaller variance of estimated mean and to adjust for catastrophic events at a surveyed year (so-called "lag bias") by annual inventory data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.2
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• pp.259-268
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the schools and local governments were aware of the creation and operation of school forests. A survey was conducted of 45 teachers of schools selected as having the best practices in the school forest and 153 local government officials within the district where the school forests were built. The school teachers attributed the necessity to create school forests to the importance of beautifying the environment. The results showed that the area in which the school forest was created, the school environment after the school forest was created, and use of the school forest were generally satisfactory, but maintenance of the school forest was not somewhat unsatisfactory. Additionally, the results indicated that continuous maintenance was necessary for the effective use of the school forest, and there was a great need for professional personnel to conduct the maintenance program. Furthermore, local government officials recognized that beautification of the school environment was the best effect of creating the school forests. They also realized a great need for local government's support of a maintenance program and its cooperation with related ministries and agencies to create and operate the school forest. Thus, it is crucial to devise measures for maintenance and to establish a system by which schools and local governments can work closely to promote the creation and operation of these school forests.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.6
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• pp.690-695
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• 2006

This study was carried out to develop a system for forest resources inventory using PDA. The Forest Inventory Software running on PDA was developed based on a Forest Resources Inventory Method by Korea Forestry Service and 4th National Forest Inventory Method. The forest inventory data stored in PDA contains sea level and GPS positioning data. Forest inventory input items are 34 tree species, 18 diameter class by each tree species, number of trees, tree height per each diameter class, thickness of bark, and annual growth of tree. Application test of the software with the forest workers shorted that, hours of forest works were remarkably reduced. It is possible to do forest inventory effectively using Forest Inventory Software developed by this study. Therefore, investigation and management expenses can be reduced and labor productivity will be improved.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.176-184
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• 2018

This study was intended to provide basic data for more ecological and systematic preservation and management planning of forest vegetations in the Baekdudaegan sector between Danmoknyeong and Guryongnyeong where biodiversity is considered to be very important. A vegetation survey using the Zurich-Montpellier (Z.-M.) method of phytosociology was carried out in a total 142 sites to examine the environmental characteristics. The survey showed the forest vegetation types of one community group, two communities, four groups, and four subgroups. Quercus mongolica and Acer pseudosieboldianum, which fall under Constancy Class V, were dominant species and deemed to be the key species of the forest ecosystem management plan for the investigated areas. Regarding species diversity, it was found that the dominant species of the VT3 type were evenly distributed in the area while the species of the VT4 type showed not only a diverse composition but also the most abundant number of species. Moreover, there were 24 of rare plants found in the Danmoknyeong-Guryongnyeong section: the critically endangered species include Dracocephalum rupestre; the endangered species include Saxifraga octopetala; the vulnerable species include Paeonia japonica, Euphorbia fauriei, Hanabusaya asiatica, and Parasenecio pseudotaimingasa; the least concern species include Aristolochia manshuriensis, Rodgersia podophylla, Salvia chanryoenica, Scopolia japonica, and Parasenecio firmus.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.775-776
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• 2006

Ad hoc network does not need any preexisting network infrastructure, and it has been developed as temporal networks in the various fields. Infostation is an efficient system to transfer information which does not have delay sensitive characteristics. In this paper, we propose a disaster emergency management system using sensor attached animals' mobility combined with infostation system. We also analyze the performance of the proposed system. From the performance analysis results, we expect that the proposed system will be very useful to early detect big forest fires which occurs frequently in Korea mountain areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.522-534
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to draw forth the tasks for establishing the right of native biology in Korea through the case study on 'Access on genetic resources and Benefit Sharing'. For this purpose, this study decided on its research subject by selecting Hoodia, on which ABS treaty was made the most recently, through the examination of the representative ABS precedents on plant species. This study analyzed the process background of ABS on Hoodia, and compared & analyzed the ABS procedures of 'Bonn Guidelines' adopted by the 6th Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2002 and Hoodia case. Together with the ABS major issues in common drawn as a result of this analysis, and "Nagoya Protocol" adopted by the 10th Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity, this study intended to shed a light on the impending tasks which Korea faces at present and its role relationship. The research results are as follows: 1. It is required that species habitats should be divided based on biological classification and its subsequent community should be established with the development of infrastructure such as a community's independent production, management and monitoring of bio-species. 2. There needs to be a designation of ABS National Focal Point for sharing of ABS-related general information, boosting of implementation of the relevant convention. 3. There needs to be the establishment of ABS convention system consequent on legislative, administrative, political procedures, and designation of the Competent National Authorities for the provision of the format of Prior Informed Consent (PIC) and Mutually Agreed Terms (MAT) and their contents assessment and confirmation. 4. There should be the establishment of integrated management system of ABS-related research and development of forest biological resources and its relevant research projects. 5. There should be information development through the distribution of responsibility and role between the ministries and offices concerned according to bio-resources, and there needs to be efforts in aiming for opening a working group of academic-industrial institutions for developing a mutually interchangeable system. 6. It's required that the efficient access between industrial circles and the people should be promoted by setting up ABS support center of biological resources in ministry and office's charge. 7. There should be a selection of a national supervisory organization for securement of the right of a local community and monitoring of ABS convention implementation, and a countermeasure system for preventing outflow of forest bioresources. Conclusively, it's judged that it will be possible to inquire into the countermeasures for the establishment of the native forest biology dominion through such research results.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2001

A cell culture system of poplar (Populus alba x P.glandulosa) was established to test four different methods for evaluation of cellular stresses. Two different kinds of stresses were given to the cultures by adding either Pb(NO$_3$)$_2$ or paraquat and the cellular responses were monitored during a week period. While fresh weight reduction was observable in two days after the treatment of Pb(NO$_3$)$_2$, such changes were apparent only in later stage in paraquat treated cultures. Cells in paraquat treated cultures in the first 3 days showed no alteration in fresh weight as compared to untreated cultures, but had their MTT reducing activities completely inhibited. Neither Evans blue staining nor ion conductivity of the medium was consistent with fresh weight changes of the cultures. Overall, cell clumps formed during suspension culture appeared to interfere with staining and washing reactions and thus cause the assays unreliable. Among the four methods examined, fresh weight changes and MTT reducing activity appeared to be the most reliable and consistent.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.4
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• pp.461-467
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to utilize Kozak's stem taper model to develop both a stem taper equation and a stem volume table for Criptomeria japonica, a tree species distributed across Korea. A total of 1,000 sample trees were cut and collected across the country to measure their diameters by stem height. The equation was then used to estimate examine their stem shapes. Our results show that the Fitness Index for the equation was 98.7%, the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) was -0.0142, and the MAD was 1.1640, thus indicating a high level of fitness. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was also found from the analysis of discrepancies between a current table and the new table used in this study. It is therefore suggested that the new table-with data from actual stands-will contribute to enhancing the accuracy of national and municipal forest statistics and reducing losses caused by imprecise data on available forest resources.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.667-675
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• 2022

Agroforestry is an ecological and economic land-use system that enables sustainable agriculture by combining forestry, agriculture, and livestock industries. North Korea chose agroforestry as a strategy for the restoration of sloping land and deforested land. Agroforestry was proposed for the inter-Korean forest cooperation subcommittee meeting and is currently highlighting carbon removal and promoting the '2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy' and 'Korea Peninsula Green Détente.' The study area, Suan-gun, Hwanghaebuk-do, is a constant deforestation monitoring area and a pilot site for management by the International Center for Research in Agroforestry. The requirements for agroforestry were analyzed through literature analysis. The agroforestry site-suitability map was visualized by applying GIS overlap analysis. Approximately 8,839 ha of sloping area was selected as suitable for agroforestry management, which is about 15% of Suan. We compared the map with Google Earth images and visually detected the land use status, such as agroforestry in Suan, to verify the results. As a future study, we will consider both natural-environment and socioeconomic factors and evaluate the relative importance of the factors to produce a high-accuracy agroforestry sitesuitability map at the national scale with the goal of producing basic data for the inter-Korea forest cooperation policy for long-term goals.