• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.272-281
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• 2020

Environmental agents, including viral and bacterial infectious agents, are involved in the alteration of physicochemical and biological parameters in the nasal epithelium. Hyaluronan (HA) has an important role in the regulation of tissue healing properties. High molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) shows greater anti-inflammatory responses than medium molecular weight HA (MMW-HA) and low molecular weight HA (LMW-HA). We investigated the effect of HMW-HA, MMW-HA and LMW-HA on the regulation of physicochemical and biological parameters in an "in vitro" model that might mimic viral infections of the nasal epithelium. Human nasal epithelial cell line RPMI2650 was stimulated with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) Poly(I:C) for 5 days in air-liquid-interface (ALI) culture (3D model of airway tissue). dsRNA Poly(I:C) treatment significantly decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in the stratified nasal epithelium of RPMI2650 and increased pH values, rheological parameters (elastic G' and viscous G''), and Muc5AC and Muc5B production in the apical wash of ALI culture of RPMI2650 in comparison to untreated cells. RPMI2650 treated with dsRNA Poly(I:C) in the presence of HMW-HA showed lower pH values, Muc5AC and Muc5B production, and rheological parameters, as well as increased TEER values in ALI culture, compared to cells treated with Poly(I:C) alone or pretreated with LMW-HA and MMW-HA. Our 3D "in vitro" model of epithelium suggests that HMW-HA might be a coadjuvant in the pharmacological treatment of viral infections, allowing for the control of some physicochemical and biological properties affecting the epithelial barrier of the nose during infection.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.231-233
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• 2001

Atrophic rhinitis is characterized by mucosal atrophy, bony absorption, persistent fetid odor and resistance to medical and surgical treatment. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) can be used as a therapeutic modality by improving the regional blood flow through sympathetic blockade. We present a case of a 57 year-old male patient who had been treated unsuccessully for atrophic rhinitis for several years by surgical and conservative measures. The patient presented at our pain clinic with shoulder pain and received stellate ganglion block once or twice a week. He received more than 75 SGBs in addition to the routine conservative treatment for atrophic rhinitis. As the number of blocks performed increased, the patient demonstrated subjective symptom relief. We measured regional mucosal blood flow using a laser doppler flowmeter after the 28th, 63rd and 75th blocks. Nasal mucosal blood flow was improved by 4.9%, 28.8% and 36.3% respectively. We also were able to observe the recovery of mucosal atrophy to an almost normal level by nasal endoscopy. The patient is currently free of symptoms and is being followed up on an outpatient bases.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.872-879
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• 2010

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is a frequent disease for which optimal diagnostic methods are still being defined. Treatment of OSA in children should include providing space, improving craniofacial growth, resolving all symptoms, and preventing the development of the disease in the adult years. Adenotonsillectomy (T&A) has been the treatment of choice and thought to solve young patient's OSA problem, which is not the case for most adults. Recent reports showed success rates that vary from 27.2% to 82.9%. Children snoring regularly generally have a narrow maxilla compared to children who do not snore. The impairment of nasal breathing with increased nasal resistance has a well-documented negative impact on early childhood maxilla-mandibular development, making the upper airway smaller and might lead to adult OSA. Surgery in young children should be performed as early as possible to prevent the resulting morphologic changes and neurobehavioral, cardiovascular, endocrine, and metabolic complications. Close postoperative follow-up to monitor for residual disease is equally important. As the proportion of obese children has been increasing recently, parents should be informed about the weight gain after T&A. Multidisciplinary evaluation of the anatomic abnormalities in children with OSA leads to better overall treatment outcome.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.474-476
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• 2018

메티실린 내성 Staphylococcus epidermidis Z0117SE0041을 반려견 주인의 코점막으로부터 분리하였다. 완전 해독된 Z0117SE0041 균주의 게놈은 약 2.5 Mb의 염색체와 47 kb, 36 kb, 11 kb 크기의 3개 플라스미드로 구성되어 있었다. Z0117SE0041 균주는 병을 유발하거나 항생제 내성을 전파할 수 있는 가능성이 있으므로 보다 깊이 있는 유전체 분석이 요구된다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.17.1-17.13
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• 2021

Background: Klebsiella spp. is an important conditional pathogen in humans and animals. However, due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, the incidence of antimicrobial resistance has increased. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate antimicrobial resistance in strains of Klebsiella strains and the phylogenetic relatedness of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistance among Klebsiella strains isolated from clinically ill companion animals. Methods: A total of 336 clinical specimens were collected from animal hospitals. Identification of Klebsiella species, determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations, detection of ESC resistance genes, polymerase chain reaction-based replicon typing of plasmids by conjugation, and multilocus sequence typing were performed. Results: Forty-three Klebsiella strains were isolated and, subsequently, 28 were identified as K. pneumoniae, 11 as K. oxytoca, and 4 as K. aerogenes. Eleven strains were isolated from feces, followed by 10 from ear, 7 from the nasal cavity, 6 from urine, 5 from genitals, and 4 from skin. Klebsiella isolates showed more than 40% resistance to penicillin, cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone, and aminoglycoside. ESCresistance genes, CTX-M groups (CTX-M-3, CTX-M-15, and CTX-M-65), and AmpC (CMY-2 and DHA-1) were most common in the K. pneumoniae strains. Some K. pneumoniae carrying CTX-M or AmpC were transferred via IncFII plasmids. Two sequence types, ST709 and ST307, from K. pneumoniae were most common. Conclusions: In conclusion, this is the first report on the prevalence, ESCresistance genotypes, and sequence types of Klebsiella strains isolated from clinically ill companion animals. The combination of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance by Klebsiella in companion animals suggest that, in clinical veterinary, antibiotic selection should be made carefully and in conjunction with the disease diagnosis.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.63-66
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• 2011

It has been controversial whether upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a distinct syndrome or not since it was reported in 1993. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders classified UARS under obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in 2005. UARS can be diagnosed when the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is fewer than 5 events per hour, the simultaneously calculated respiratory disturbance index (RDI) is more than 5 events per hour due to abnormal non-apneic non-hypopneic respiratory events accompanying respiratory effort related arousals (RERAs), and oxygen saturation is greater than 92% at termination of an abnormal breathing event. Although esophageal pressure measurement remains the gold standard for detecting subtle breathing abnormality other than hypopnea and apnea, nasal pressure transducer has been most commonly used. RERAs include phase A2 of cyclical alternating patterns (CAPs) associated with EEG changes. Symptoms of OSAS can overlap with UARS, but chronic insomnia tends to be more common in UARS than in OSAS and clinical symptoms similar with functional somatic syndrome are also more common in UARS. In this journal, diagnostic and clinical differences between UARS and OSAS are reviewed.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 환자의 비강으로부터 분리 배양된 총 39건의 MRSA 분리 배양 균주를 이용해 mecA 유전자 검출, SCCmec typing과 mec complex typing을 분석해 보고자 하였다. 임상 환자의 비강으로부터 분리 배양된 MRSA 총 39주 중 SCCmec type-II가 24건, type-II/IVa가 2건, type-II/V가 1건, type-IVa가 1건, not-typeable이 11건으로 분석되었으며, mec complex type A가 29건, not-typeable이 10건이었으며, type B는 없는 것으로 분석 되었다. 결론적으로, 환자의 비강으로부터 분리된 MRSA 분리 배양 균주 중 SCCmec type-II와 mec complex type A 아형이 가장 많이 분포하고 있었으며, 이 결과는 의료기관 획득 MRSA에 관한 다른 연구결과와 유사한 결과를 나타냈다. 이후 환자의 비강으로부터 분리 배양된 not-typeable 아형의 MRSA 균주를 대상으로 국내에서 발견되는 새로운 MRSA 아형 규명에 관한 추가 연구가 필요할 뿐만 아니라, MRSA 분리 배양 균주의 아형을 분석함으로써 그 분자적 특성을 분석한 결과를 바탕으로 병원 감염관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공할 수 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2008

국내에서 사육중인 말에서 채취한 시료로부터 Stapylococcus aureus를 분리 동정한 결과 39.2%(58/148)의 분리율을 나타내었다. S. aureus의 혈장응고효소 생산능 시험에서는 98.3%가 양성반응을 나타내었고 신선 혈장의 희석농도는 1:2에서 가장 높은 양성반응을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 최종 동정된 S. aureus의 기본적인 생화학 성상은 일반적으로 알려져 있는 S. aureus의 특성과 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있었으나, urease test의 경우 전체 균주의 73% 만이 양성 결과를 나타내어 균주별로 다양한 반응 양상을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 또한 34종의 substrate에 대한 분해 양상에 대한 검사 결과 fructose, maltose, ${\alpha}$-hydroxy butyric acid, thymidine-5'-mono phosphate, uridine-5'-mono phosphate 등의 substrate에 대해서는 모든 균주가 이용능력을 가지고 있었지만 ribose, sorbitol, xylose, xylitol 등의 substrate에 대해서는 모든 균주가 기질 이용능력을 가지고 있지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 PCR에 의한 S. aureus를 동정한 결과 108bp 크기의 band를 확인하였다. 국내 말에서 분리한 58주의 S. aureus에 대한 약제 내성 양상을 조사한 결과 spectinomycin, sulfonamides, erythromycin, tetracyclin, ciprofloxacin, neomycin, enofloxacin, penicillin 등의 약제에 높은 저항성을 나타내었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2008

연구배경: 메티실린 내성 황색포도알균은 의료기관 관련 감염 뿐 아니라 지역사회 감염에서도 나타나 이에 저자들은 한 대학병원 중환자실에 입원한 환자의 비강 도말 배양을 통해 MRSA의 의료기관 관련 감염 및 지역사회 감염의 빈도와 분자 역학 및 항생제 내성을 연구하였다. 방 법: 2006년 6월에서 9월까지 건양대학교 병원 중환자실 환자 353명을 대상으로 입실 첫날 비강 도말 배양을 시행하여 MRSA 획득 위험인자에 따라 HA-MRSA와 CA-MRSA로 나누어 Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophorosis (PFGE)로 분류하여 각각의 항생제 내성 검사를 시행하였다. 결 과: 353명 중 비강 도말 배양에서 동정된 MRSA는 42명(11.9%)이며, 동정된 MRSA 중 HA-MRSA는 33명(78.6%), CA-MRSA는 9명(21.4%)이다. PFGE에서 type A에서 type K까지 11형으로 구분하였고 HA-MRSA는 type A (n=9), B (n=7)가, CA-MRSA는 type A (n=2), B (n=2)가 주로 나타났다. 항생제 내성률은 erythromycin, ciprofloxacin에서 HA-MRSA가 CA-MRSA보다 높게 나타났다. 결 론: MRSA의 집락률은 11.9%이며 HA-MRSA의 균주가 CA-MRSA보다 많고, CA-MRSA는 9예로 적은 예지만 PFGE type에서 대부분의 type이 HA-MRSA에서 동정된 type과 같은 경향을 보여 지역사회전파를 시사한다.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2011

Rhinitis, inflammation of the nasal cavity caused by the disease in our country that a recent trend is the rapidly increasing number of patients. It causes multiple complications and interfere with daily life and social life in case of being viewed as a mild cold. The rhinitis treatment for symptomatic therapy in modern medicine is staying because the situation is exposing the limitations. so traditional medicine is trying to find a solution but that is not easy. In modern medicine, rhinitis is defined as a set of histological lesions and clinical symptoms, but traditional medicine has developed in dealing with each symptoms in disease. The treatment that doesn't distinguish any treatment in growing numbers of patients does not seem to validate, because doctors treat without considering the difference of recognition. Looking at the symptoms for each, I found that each symptoms and causes are varied according to doctors and era. In spite of considering all of that in treatment, it was ignored or underestimated in modern medicine. Furthermore, in traditional medicine, they just conjugated certain period theory and only had limited treatment by a lack of integrated awareness about definition and mechanism. In addition, in case of mentioning about the causes of prescription in each medical books, there were not enough explain about pathological states. Therefore, these causes should be made to further the research about the validity, pathogenesis and treatment. We can see that theory could be established and modified by the accumulation of clinical experience, observations through classification by each of the causes, prescription and treatment. In traditional medicine simply does not pay attention only to nasal inflammation, such as the impact of Meridian and organs considered to have focused on the fundamental treatment. This increased immune resistance to the modern rhinitis patients may offer new therapeutic approaches. I hope this paper would be helpful to find the treatment with uncovered theory in modern medicine.