• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2011

Three major physiological functions of nose can be described as air-conditioning, filtering and smelling. Detailed knowledge of airflow characteristics in nasal cavities is essential to understanding of the physiological and pathological aspects of nasal breathing. In our laboratory, a series of experimental investigations have been conducted on the airflows in normal and abnormal nasal cavity models by means of PIV under both constant and periodic flow conditions. In this work, more specifically experimental and numerical results on the surgically modified inferior turbinate model were presented. With the high resolution CT data and a careful treatment of the model surface under the ENT doctor's advice yielded quite sophisticated cavity models for the PIV experiment. Physiological nature of the airflow was discussed in terms of velocity distribution and vortical structure for constant inspirational flow. Since the inferior and middle turbinate are key determinants of nasal airflow, the turbinectomy obviously altered the main stream direction. This phenomenon may cause local changes in physiological function and the flow resistance.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.215-217
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• 2018

A one-year-old, intact male, 24 kg, mixed breed dog was referred to the Animal Medical Center, Iksan, Chonbuk, Korea for treatment of a gunshot wound to the head. Physical examinations revealed bilateral nasal bleeding and open-mouth breathing. Radiographic examination showed fracture of the right maxilla bone and multiple fractures of the nasal bone. A $1cm{\times}1cm{\times}1.8cm$ region of mineral opacity material was observed in the right-cranial ventralnasal cavity and a $6mm{\times}6mm{\times}9mm$ region of mineral opacity material was present in the left-cranial dorsal-nasal cavity. The surgical procedure involved removal of bone fragments and the lodged bullet as well as the installation of three intraosseous wires. At two weeks after surgery, the patient exhibited no complications and had a good prognosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제60권9호
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• pp.273-281
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• 2017

To date, preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) after birth have been managed with a combination of endotracheal intubation, surfactant instillation, and mechanical ventilation. It is now recognized that noninvasive ventilation (NIV) such as nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in preterm infants is a reasonable alternative to elective intubation after birth. Recently, a meta-analysis of large controlled trials comparing conventional methods and nasal CPAP suggested that CPAP decreased the risk of the combined outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death. Since then, the use of NIV as primary therapy for preterm infants has increased, but when and how to give exogenous surfactant remains unclear. Overcoming this problem, minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) allows spontaneously breathing neonates to remain on CPAP in the first week after birth. MIST has included administration of exogenous surfactant by intrapharyngeal instillation, nebulization, a laryngeal mask, and a thin catheter. In recent clinical trials, surfactant delivery via a thin catheter was found to reduce the need for subsequent endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, and improves short-term respiratory outcomes. There is also growing evidence for MIST as an alternative to the INSURE (intubation-surfactant-extubation) procedure in spontaneously breathing preterm infants with RDS. In conclusion, MIST is gentle, safe, feasible, and effective in preterm infants, and is widely used for surfactant administration with noninvasive respiratory support by neonatologists. However, further studies are needed to resolve uncertainties in the MIST method, including infant selection, optimal surfactant dosage and administration method, and need for sedation.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the respiratory system health condition of dental technicians and to be of use for more successful health management and health promotion for them. The subjects in this study were 155 dental technicians who were working in North Jeolla province. Out of them, 70 dental mechanics were investigated in 1993, and 85 were surveyed in 2001. And the reports of the two groups on respiratory distress, including cough, sputum, phlegm, the notable sound of breathing, nasal discharge, coryza, shortness of breath and gasping, were compared. The findings of this study were as below: 1. The cough report rate was 24.3% in 1993 and 16.5% in 2001. There appeared approximately 7.8% decrease between the two years. The most powerful variables included working hours and age. 2. The complaint rate of sputum and phlegm was 47.1% in 1993 and 43.5% in 2001. The rate of 2001 reduced by 3.6%. Whether or not they smoked was identified as the most influential variable. 3. The report rate of shortness of breath and gasping was 7.4% in 1993 and 12.9% in 2001, and this rate showed about 1.5% increase in the latter year. The biggest variables were working hours and career. 4. The complaint rate of nasal discharge and coryza was 41.4% in 1993 and 44.7% in 2001, which showed about 3.3% increase. The largest variables were smoking and career. 5. The report rate of the notable sound of breathing and breathing in light little gasps was 12.0% in 1993 and 17.6% in 2001. There was approximately 5.6% increase, and the most powerful variables were working hours and career.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 2009

Purpose: Nasal packing materials are almost inserted at the end stage of closed reduction of nasal bone for postoperative bleeding control and stabilization of nasal bone. Conventionally, vaseline gauze was used for packing of nasal cavity. These days, Surgeons have tried to apply $Merocel^{(R)}$ into the nasal cavity more easily. It is difficult for patients to continue keeping the nasal packs for more than a week due to breathing difficulty. Moreover, nasal packing itself can also cause headache, dry mouth, stuffiness, etc. Methods: We performed a prospective study from March 1, 2008 to July 31, 2008. One hundred patients were divided into "$Merocel^{(R)}$ packing group" and "$Merocel^{(R)}$ and Airway Tube $Merocel^{(R)}$ packing group". Using two kinds of materials to each group after closed reduction, we observed and compared the amount of bleeding between two groups. We recorded patient's uncomfortable symptoms which were divided into four groups each 6, 24, 48 hours after nasal packing. Results: The result of the bleeding amount of Air Tube $Merocel^{(R)}$ group after 6 hours of nasal packing is that 3 people belong to mild group, 38 people moderate group, and 9 people severe group. After 6 hours of nasal packing, 11 patients have no complains. 16 patients were mild, 21 patients were moderate, 2 patients were severe. After 24 hours of nasal packing, no complain(18 patients), mild(24 patients), moderate(6 patients), severe(0 patient). After 48 hours of nasal packing, no complain(25 patients), mild(20 patients), moderate(5 patients), severe(0 patient). Conclusion: Regarding the amount of bleeding, there are no difference between two groups. In case of Air Tube $Merocel^{(R)}$ group, patient's discomfort is gradually improved after 24 hours of nasal packing, After 48 hours of nasal packing, most of the patients do not experience headache, dry mouth, stuffiness, etc. Therefore, Air Tube $Merocel^{(R)}$ can be useful for bleeding control. Moreover, it helps patients to breathe through nose more easily and reduce discomfort.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.589-594
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• 1999

소아치과 환자에서 협조가 안 되는 환자의 진료시 여러 가지 방법의 진정요법이나 다른 방법이 이용된다. 이 중에서도 최근의 경향은 약물을 이용하여 진정을 시행하는 방법이 주로 이용된다. 약물 투여방법 중에서도 흡입가스를 이용하여 진정을 유발하는 경우가 장점이 많아 최근 사용이 증가하는 추세이다. 흡입가스를 이용한 경우 폐를 통해 약물이 흡수되므로 적절한 진정수준에 도달하기 위해서는 환자의 호흡양상이 주 영향을 끼친다. 가스를 이용한 흡입진정 시에는 환자가 반드시 비호흡을 하여야 폐를 통해 흡수가 되므로 구호흡을 하는 경우는 정맥로를 이용한 진정이나 기관내삽관을 필요로 한다. 저자는 $N_2O-O_2$를 이용한 진정요법을 시행하는 중에 완전한 구호흡을 하는 환자를 기관내삽관을 하지 않고 끝 부분이 둥글고 유연한 흡인도관을 사용하여 아산화질소를 투여함으로서 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었기에 이에 보고 한다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2015

A 27-year-old man presented an anterior open bite relapse. He had low tongue posture positioned anteriorly at rest and during swallowing and reported chronic difficulty in nose breathing. Head cone-beam computed tomography revealed nasal septum deviation, right turbinate hypertrophy, and left maxillary sinus congestion, which were thought to contribute to the breathing problem, encourage the improper tongue posture, and thereby cause the relapse. Multidisciplinary treatment involving an otorhinolaryngologist, an orthodontist, and a periodontist resolved the upper airway obstruction and corrected the malocclusion. The follow-up examination after 3 years 5 months demonstrated stable results.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1988

Adenoids 비인두폐쇄로 인해 구호흡이 유발된 6~12세의 아동 50명과 동일 연령분포의 정상아동 50명의 두부방사선 계측사진을 통해 Tongue, Mandible 및 Hyoid bone에 대한 수평, 수직 및 각도 계측에 대한 비교 연구 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Tongue position은 실험 군에서 더 전하방 위치하는 것으로 관철되었다. 2. Mandibular position은 실험군에서 더 하방위치 하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 3. Hyoid bone의 위치는 실험군에서 더 전하방위치하는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.327-330
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• 2015

어린이와 청소년을 대상으로 한 치과 진정법에서 환자 안전과 성공의 열쇠는 호흡기 상태와 밀접하게 연관되어 있다. 소아치과의 특별한 상황 - 똑바로 누운 자세에서 러버댐으로 구강 측 기도가 제한 된 상태-하에서 코로 호흡함을 고려해야 한다. 따라서 소아치과의사는 의과적 자문이나 평가와 별도로, 스스로 이러한 상황하에서 환자의 호흡기적 평가를 할 필요가 있다. 특히, 아데노이드 비대, 코막힘, 후비루와 기도과민 등의 상황을 평가하는 것이 중요하다. 부비동염, 알레르기 비염, 천식, 코골이와 폐쇄성 수면 무호흡 증후군 등이 있는 환자는 진정 실패를 초래할 가능성이 있으므로, 질환이나 증상에 대한 확실한 조절을 통하여 치과 진정법의 안전성을 더욱 증진 시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 감성과학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2022

대기오염 등의 영향으로 실내 활동 시간이 증가하는 상황에서 뇌기능과 신체활동 측면에서 보다 건강한 실내 생활을 위한 다양한 방안에 대한 고려가 절실한 실정이다. 본 연구는 실내 산소의 농도와 호흡의 방법에 따라 인지능력과 생체신호에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해 연구하여 보다 건강한 실내 일상생활을 제안하고자 한다. 건강한 성인 20명을 대상으로 공기 전달 시스템을 통해 공급된 공기를 산소마스크를 통해 흡입하도록 하였다. 호흡 방법과 산소농도에 따른 변화를 확인하기 위해 모든 피험자는 3가지 호흡(비강, 구강, 및 고농도 산소공급과 함께 구강 호흡)을 인지부하자극(눈 감은 휴식기, 눈 뜬 휴식기, 1-back 및 2-back 작업기억 과제) 별로 각각 수행하였다. 자극에 대한 반응시간, 정확도 및 생체신호를 측정하여 호흡에 따른 인지부하별 변화를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 3가지 호흡에서 모두 인지부하의 증가에 따라 심박동수는 유의하게 증가하면서 인지부하와 높은 상관성이 있는 생체신호임을 확인하였다. 또한 구강호흡에서는 분당 호흡 횟수가 인지부하증가에 따라 유의하게 증가하는 변화가 나타났으며, 인지활동 시 구강호흡에서 부족한 산소공급을 보완하기 위한 생체신호의 변화를 확인하게 되었다. 반면 고농도 산소공급과 함께 수행한 구강호흡에서는 비강호흡과 같이 분당 호흡 횟수의 유의한 변화는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 고농도 산소공급이 구강호흡과 같이 비효율적인 산소 흡입이나 산소 농도가 부족한 환경에서 이를 보완해 주는 역할을 할 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구 결과를 기반으로 후속 연구에서는 자율신경계 변화까지 분석하여 인지 뿐만 아니라 심리에 미치는 영향까지 종합적으로 규명하고자 한다.