• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.480-483
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• 2007

Hydroxyapatites were prepared by the different $SiO_2$ addition at $1450^{\circ}C$ for 2h. With the increase of $SiO_2$ addition, microstructure, bulk density, porosity, mechanical strength of $hydroxyapatite/{\beta}-TCP$ composite were investigated. When the sintered HAp contained 1 wt% $SiO_2$, the each properties of the HAp were increased. But the excess addition of $SiO_2$ content above 1wt% the each property were decreased. This results were due to the ${\beta}-TCP$ phase. The ${\beta}-TCP$ phase appeared at 3 wt% $SiO_2$ addition and the ${\beta}-TCP$ phase was enhanced by the $SiO_2$ increasing.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2008

Two-photon stereolithography (TPS) is recognized as a useful process for the fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures. Recently, the need for a two-photon curable resin with high strength increases as 3-D moicrostructures of high aspect ratio or large scale of several hundreds micrometers are required for applications of nano/micro devices in IT/BT. In this work, process parameters of TPS employing the SU-8 which is a representative two-photon curable resin with high strength have been studied for the precise fabrication of 3-D microstructures with high strength. The pre-baking and post-baking processes are studied and the parameter study of the SU-8 in TPS is conducted. Through this work, very small roughness of 12 nm and the minimum aspect ratio of ${\sim}1$ which provides a precise accumulation of layers could be obtained. Using the conditions studied in this work, some 3-D examples are fabricated.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권11호
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• pp.839-845
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• 2012

The effect of an AlN additive on the thermoelectric properties of SiC ceramics was studied. Porous SiC ceramics with 48-54% relative density were fabricated by sintering the pressed ${\alpha}-SiC$ powder compacts with AlN at $2100-2200^{\circ}C$ for 3 h in an Ar atmosphere. In the undoped specimens, the Seebeck coefficients were positive (p-type semiconducting) possibly due to a dominant effect of the acceptor impurities (Al, Fe) contained in the starting powder. With AlN addition, the reverse phase transformation of 6H-SiC to 4H-SiC was observed during the sintering process. The electrical conductivity of the AlN doped specimen was larger than that of the undoped specimen under the same conditions, which might be due to a reverse phase trans-formation. The Seebeck coefficient of the AlN doped specimen was also larger than that of the undoped specimen. The density of specimen and the amount of addition had significant effects on the thermoelectric properties.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.195-196
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• 2021

The pore distribution of the cement mortar mixed with carbon nanotubes was found to have a large number of pores at (370~80)㎛, and the distribution ratio was larger as the carbon nanotubes were mixed. However, the pores with a fine particle diameter of (10-0.5) ㎛ were found to be larger as the carbon nanotubes were incorporated. However, the distribution of pores of the test specimens of conductive cement mortar with deterioration damage was found to be distributed in a number of particle diameters of (500 to 100) ㎛ and (10 to 0.5) ㎛. It is judged that the particle diameter of the internal pores increased due to the damage. However, as the mixing ratio of the test specimen with carbon nanotubes increased, the distribution of voids was relatively lower than that of plain, and it was judged to have excellent resistance to deterioration damage.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2007

폐 ITO 타겟을 염산에 용해시킨 복합 산용액을 원료로 하여 자체기술에 의해 개발한 분무열분해 반응장치를 통하여 평균입도가 50nm이하인 나노 ITO 분말을 제조하였으며, 반응온도 및 원료용액의 농도 등의 반응인자들의 변화에 따른 ITO 분말의 특성을 파악하였다. 반응온도가 $800^{\circ}C$로부터 $1100^{\circ}C$로 변화함에 따라 생성된 ITO 분말의 평균 입도는 40nm로부터 100nm정도까지 증가하고 있었으며, 조직도 점점 치밀화되면서 각각의 입자들이 독립된 다각형 형태를 나타내었으며, 입도분포는 더욱 불균일하게 나타나고 있었다. 또한 반응온도 증가에 따라 XRD 피크의 강도는 증가하였으며 비표면적은 감소하고 있었다. 원료용액 내의 인듐 성분의 농도가 50g/l로부터 400g/l로 증가됨에 따라 생성된 ITO 분말의 평균입도는 점점 증가하는 반면 입도분포는 더욱 불균일 하였다. 농도가 50g/l인 경우에는 ITO 분말의 평균입도는 30nm 이하이면서 입도분포는 비교적 균일하게 나타나고 있었다. 반면 농도가 포화농도에 가까운 400g/l인 경우에는 분말들의 입도분포는 20nm 정도부터 100nm 이상까지 공존하는 매우 불균일한 형태를 나타내고 있었다. 농도가 증가함에 따라 XRD 피크의 강도는 점점 증가하였으며 비표면적은 점점 감소하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.664-669
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• 2012

Nano-structured one-dimensional $Na_2Ti_6O_{13}$ particles were synthesized by a molten salt process. Effects of processing parameters on the microstructure and band gap energy of the $Na_2Ti_6O_{13}$ powder were studied in this paper. For the synthesis of the $Na_2Ti_6O_{13}$ particles, two different raw materials of tubular shaped Na-titanate (Na-TiNT) and spherical shaped $TiO_2$ were utilized. Synthesizing with the raw material of Na-TiNT, around 70nm thick 1D-$Na_2Ti_6O_{13}$ with the bandgap energy of 3.5 eV was obtained at $810^{\circ}C$. Below $810^{\circ}C$ or without the presence of NaCl, 1D-$Na_2Ti_6O_{13}$ was in a relatively short in length and agglomerated state. With the processing temperature increased, the thickness of the 1D-$Na_2Ti_6O_{13}$ was also observed to be increased. On the other hand, when $TiO_2$ was employed as a raw material, the mixed amount of $Na_2CO_3$ played an important role in transforming the morphology and phase of the raw material, affecting the bandgap energy of the synthesized product. Specific surface area of the synthesized 1D-$Na_2Ti_6O_{13}$ was significantly affected by the raw and mixed materials as well as processing temperature. When Na-TiNT was processed at $810^{\circ}C$ with NaCl, the specific surface area of the 1D-$Na_2Ti_6O_{13}$ showed the best value of 30.63 $m^2/g$.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.394-408
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• 2002

Nanostructured high strength metastable Al-, Mg- and Ti-based alloys containing different amorphous, quasicrystalline and nanocrystalline phases are synthesized by non-equilibrium processing techniques. Such alloys can be prepared by quenching from the melt or by powder metallurgy techniques. This paper focuses on one hand on mechanically alloyed and ball milled powders containing different volume fractions of amorphous or nano-(quasi)crystalline phases, consolidated bulk specimens and, on the other hand. on cast specimens containing different constituent phases with different length-scale. As one example. $Mg_{55}Y_{15}Cu_{30}$- based metallic glass matrix composites are produced by mechanical alloying of elemental powder mixtures containing up to 30 vol.% $Y_2O_3$ particles. The comparison with the particle-free metallic glass reveals that the nanosized second phase oxide particles do not significantly affect the glass-forming ability upon mechanical alloying despite some limited particle dissolution. A supercooled liquid region with an extension of about 50 K can be maintained in the presence of the oxides. The distinct viscosity decrease in the supercooled liquid regime allows to consolidate the powders into bulk samples by uniaxial hot pressing. The $Y_2O_3$ additions increase the mechanical strength of the composites compared to the $Mg_{55}Y_{15}Cu_{30}$ metallic glass. The second example deals with Al-Mn-Ce and Al-Cu-Fe composites with quasicrystalline particles as reinforcements, which are prepared by quenching from the melt and by powder metallurgy. $Al_{98-x}Mn_xCe_2$ (x =5,6,7) melt-spun ribbons containing a major quasicrystalline phase coexisting with an Al-matrix on a nanometer scale are pulverized by ball milling. The powders are consolidated by hot extrusion. Grain growth during consolidation causes the formation of a micrometer-scale microstructure. Mechanical alloying of $Al_{63}Cu_{25}Fe_{12}$ leads to single-phase quasicrystalline powders. which are blended with different volume fractions of pure Al-powder and hot extruded forming $Al_{100-x}$$(Al_{0.63}Cu_{0.25}Fe_{0.12})_x$ (x = 40,50,60,80) micrometer-scale composites. Compression test data reveal a high yield strength of ${\sigma}_y{\geq}$700 MPa and a ductility of ${\varepsilon}_{pl}{\geq}$5% for than the Al-Mn-Ce bulk samples. The strength level of the Al-Cu-Fe alloys is ${\sigma}_y{\leq}$550 MPa significantly lower. By the addition of different amounts of aluminum, the mechanical properties can be tuned to a wide range. Finally, a bulk metallic glass-forming Ti-Cu-Ni-Sn alloy with in situ formed composite microstructure prepared by both centrifugal and injection casting presents more than 6% plastic strain under compressive stress at room temperature. The in situ formed composite contains dendritic hcp Ti solid solution precipitates and a few $Ti_3Sn,\;{\beta}$-(Cu, Sn) grains dispersed in a glassy matrix. The composite micro- structure can avoid the development of the highly localized shear bands typical for the room temperature defor-mation of monolithic glasses. Instead, widely developed shear bands with evident protuberance are observed. resulting in significant yielding and homogeneous plastic deformation over the entire sample.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2016년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.195-195
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• 2016

Titanium and its alloys are widely used as implants in orthopedics, dentistry and cardiology due to their outstanding properties, such as high strength, high level of hemocompatibility and enhanced biocompatibility. Hence, recent works showed that the synthesis of new Ti-based alloys for implant application involves more biocompatible metallic alloying element, such as, Nb, Hf, Zr and Mo. In particular, Nb and Hf are one of the most effective Ti ${\beta}-stabilizer$ and reducing the elastic modulus. Plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) is known as excellent method in the biocompatibility of biomaterial due to quickly coating time and controlled coating condition. The anodized oxide layer and diameter modulation of Ti alloys can be obtained function of improvement of cell adhesion. Silicon (Si) and magnesium (Mg) has a beneficial effect on bone. Si in particular has been found to be essential for normal bone and cartilage growth and development. In vitro studies have shown that Mg plays very important roles in essential for normal growth and metabolism of skeletal tissue in vertebrates and can be detected as minor constituents in teeth and bone. The aim of this study is to research Si and Mg doped hydroxyapatite film formation by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Ti-29Nb-xHf (x= 0, 3, 7 and 15wt%, mass fraction) alloys were prepared Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys of containing Hf up from 0 wt% to 15 wt% were melted by using a vacuum furnace. Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys were homogenized for 2 hr at $1050^{\circ}C$. Each alloy was anodized in solution containing typically 0.15 M calcium acetate monohydrate + 0.02 M calcium glycerophosphate at room temperature. A direct current power source was used for the process of anodization. Anodized alloys was prepared using 270V~300V anodization voltage at room. A Si and Mg coating was produced by RF-magnetron sputtering system. RF power of 100W was applied to the target for 1h at room temperature. The microstructure, phase and composition of Si and Mg coated oxide surface of Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys were examined by FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.174-181
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 졸-겔 공법을 이용하여 가스 차단 특성을 갖는 $SiO_2/EVOH$(에틸렌 비닐알콜 공중합체) 하이브리드 물질을 제조하였다. 제조된 여러 조성의 하이브리드 졸을 표면 처리한 biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) 기지재에 스핀 코팅 방식을 이용하여 코팅하였다. X선 회절 및 DSC 분석에 의해 하이브리드 내의 EVOH 상과 실리카 상 사이의 결합에 따른 결정화 거동의 변화를 조사하였다. 또한 $SiO_2/EVOH$ 하이브리드 겔의 모폴로지 관찰을 통하여, 100nm 이하의 실리카 입자들이 균열하게 분산된 매우 치밀한 상 미세구조를 갖는 하이브리드 물질을 제조하기 위해 필요한 Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) 무기전구체의 최적 함량이 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 첨가된 TEOS 함량이 최적 함량보다 낮거나 높은 경우에는 큰 도메인의 입자 클러스터들이 형성되어 매우 불안정한 모폴로지를 나타내는 상분리 현상이 관찰되었다. 이러한 모폴로지 결과는 하이브리드 코팅 필름의 산소 투과도의 변화 결과와 일치하였는데, TEOS 함량이 0.01 - 0.02mol로 첨가되어 제조된 하이브리드로 코팅된 필름의 경우 매우 우수한 산소 차단 특성을 나타냈으며, 0.04mol 이상으로 첨가되었을 때는 상 분리 및 미세 균열 발생으로 인하여 그 차단 특성이 급격하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2005

Sol-gel 공정에 의해 제조된 세라믹 분리 막은 보다 순수한 재료를 이용할 수 있고, 균일성을 향상시킬 수 있을 뿐 아니라 다양한 복합체도 넓은 범위에서 반응을 유도할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있어 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 sc,1-gel 공정을 이용하여 Tetraethyl ortho-silicate(TEOS)-Polyethylene glycol(PEG)계 organically modified silicate(ORMOSt)sol을 합성하였다. Polymer분자량을 변수로 하여 sol 합성 후 특성 변화를 점도와 겔화 시간을 측정함으로써 관찰하였다. 합성된 sol을 다공성 담체 위에 dip-coating법을 이용하여 막을 제조하였으며, SEM관찰을 통해 분리 막의 미세구조를 확인하였다. 합성 복합 막의 Oil/water 에멀젼의 처리효율을 cross-flow 타입의 막 분리 장치를 이용하여 확인하였다. Ormosilsol은 유기물의 분자량이 증가될수록 보다 쉽게 코팅 층을 형성 시킬 수 있었고, 담체를 용매에 담지 시켜 코팅 물질이 담체의 기공내로 침투될 때의 모세관력을 줄임으로써 크랙이 방지된 얇은 막을 얻을 수 있었다. Colloidal sol 코팅 막에 비해 ormosil sol코팅 막은 분리효율 뿐 아니라 flux 특설이 시험 5분경과 시점에서 약 $200\;l/m^2h$이상 향상되었음을 확인 할 수 있었다.