• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2016

The ultimate research goal of the current study was a development of hydrolyzed whey protein powder (7%-GNANA) manufactured with normal content of sialic acid, a marker compound, that is naturally occurring at 7% concentration in GMP obtained from the milk protein. GMP is a safe food, used worldwide in infant and baby foods, etc. The test substance was prepared using (7% sialic acid containing) GMP as a raw material, and then using alcalase, an enzyme approved as a food additive, after separation of sialic acid with 100% efficiency and 7%-GNANA (containing 7% sialic acid and protein; product name: HELICOBACTROL-7) provided by MEDINUTROL Inc. (Korea). Bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test was conducted in accordance with GLP Guideline using the test substance specified above. To identify its mutagenic potential against microorganisms, histidine auxotrophic strains of Salmonella Typhimurium, TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537, and tryptophan auxotrophic strain of Escherichia coli, WP2uvrA, were used. The bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test was performed by dividing the test substances into five different concentration groups (0, 61.7, 185, 556, 1,670, $5,000{\mu}g/plate$). Results of this experiment did not reveal repetitive increase of colony generating values or positive criteria for reverse mutagenicity for any concentration of test substances in any of the five strains, regardless of the presence of a metabolic activation system, and no dose-dependency was identified. In conclusion, the safety of 7%-GNANA test substance was verified by bacterial reverse mutation test conducted before registration of 7%-GNANA as a food additive.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2016

The goal of this study was to develop hydrolyzed whey protein powder (23%-GNANA) manufactured with high content of sialic acid, a marker compound that is usually present at 7% concentration in GMP obtained from the milk protein. It is a safe food, used worldwide in infant and baby foods, etc. The test substance was prepared using (7% sialic acid containing) GMP as a raw material. Alcalase, an enzyme approved as a food additive, was used after separating sialic acid, with 100% efficiency, and 23%-GNANA (composed of 23% sialic acid and protein; product name: HELICOBACTROL-23), provided by MEDINUTROL Inc. (Korea), manufactured to have high (23%) content through ethanol soaking and enrichment. Bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test was conducted in accordance with the GLP Guideline using the test substance specified above. To detect its mutagenicity potential in microorganisms, histidine auxotrophic strains of Salmonella typhimurium, TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537, and tryptophan auxotrophic Escherichia coli strain, WP2uvrA, were used. The bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test was performed using five concentrations of the test substances (0, 61.7, 185, 556, 1,670, $5,000{\mu}g/plate$). The evaluation did not reveal repetitive increase of colony generating values and positive criteria for reverse mutagenicity for any tested concentration in the five strains regardless of the presence of metabolic activation system, and no dose-dependency. In conclusion, the safety of 23%-GNANA test substance was verified by the bacterial reverse mutation test conducted before registration of 23%-GNANA as a food additive.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.476-482
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• 2017

For the bridges managed by the municipalities, there is a need for a maintenance management system for the municipal governments for the scientific and systematic maintenance standard and the scientificization of the budget acquisition and execution through the quantified data base. The purpose of this study is to develop a system for efficient management of small bridgies maintained by the municipality and use ICT convergence technology such as BIM / GIS technology. The details of the system development include the development of the small bridgies maintenance program for mobile devices, the development of the small bridgies maintenance database, the development of the small bridgies integration maintenance management, and the reliability of the program system developed by checking the construction and operation contents of the small bridgies test-bed. The developed program system is linked to the development of smart name plate and reader module of non - power system.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.358-363
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• 2010

This paper proposes a step-by-step method of determining the parameters of equivalent circuit which is considered the no load losses for the single phase induction motor which has the starting winding. This method is comprised of three steps, and the stator resistance which is measured by the method of voltage drop is treated as constant and the stator and the rotor leakage reactances are assumed to be the same in every step. The test results of no load and locked rotor test are used in the 1st and 2nd step, and the ratings of name plate of the motor are needed in the 3rd step. In the 1st step, the traditional equivalent circuit parameters are directly calculated by no load and locked rotor conditions. In the next step, five nonlinear simultaneous equations for five unknown parameters can be set up by no load and locked rotor equivalent circuits. These equations are solved by using the initial parameters obtained by the 1st step parameters. In the final step, three nonlinear simultaneous equations for rotor winding resistance, leakage reactance and no load losses component resistance can be set up by equivalent circuit under the rated operation. Three parameters are solved by using the 2nd step parameters. Thus, equivalent circuit parameters are gradually refined step by step. The validity of the proposed method is evaluated by comparing the computed values obtained by the equivalent circuit parameters with the experimental values of the load test.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2018

We developed nano-porous $TiO_2-SiO_2$ composites (commercial name : PTI, porous titania insulator) with low thermal conductivity as thermal insulating material as well as function of photocatalyst. The objectives of this paper are, firstly, to evaluate of the thermal conductivity of the PTI powder in the temperature range from -160 to $250^{\circ}C$, secondly to evaluate of thermal conductivities of insulation materials that is applied PTI powder. The structure of the PTI powder that has the pores size of 20-30 nm and the particle diameter of 2-10 nm. The PTI had a high surface area of $400m^2/g$ and a mean pore size of $45{\AA}$, which was fairly uniform. The thermal conductivity was measured by GHP(guarded hot plate) method and HFM(heat flux method). The PTI structure is a three-dimensional network nano-structures composed by a pearl-necklace that involved a precious stone in the center of the necklace. The thermal conductivities of PTI-PX powder by the GHP and HFM were 0.0366 W/m.K, 0.0314 W/m.K at $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. This is similar to values that are proportional to the square of the absolute temperature of the thermal conductivity of static air. The thermal conductivities of insulating sheets coated with PTI powder were similar results with that of the PTI powder.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.44-61
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• 2007

The present investigation is concerned chiefly with new curriculum development at the Department of Mechanical System & Design Engineering at Hongik University with the aim of enhancing creativity, team working and communication capability which modern engineering education is emphasizing on. 'Mechanical System & Design Engineering' department equipped with new curriculum emphasizing engineering design is new name for mechanical engineering department in Hongik University. To meet radically changing environment and demands of industries toward engineering education, the department has shifted its focus from analog-based and machine-centered hard approach to digital-based and human-centered soft approach. Three new programs of Introduction to Mechanical System & Design Engineering, Creative Engineering Design and Product Design emphasize hands-on experiences through project-based team working. Sketch model and prototype making process is strongly emphasized and cardboard, poly styrene foam and foam core plate are provided as working material instead of traditional hard engineering material such as metals material because these three programs focus more on creative idea generation and dynamic communication among team members rather than the end results. With generative, visual and concrete experiences that can compensate existing engineering classes with traditional focus on analytic, mathematical and reasoning, hands-on experiences can play a significant role for engineering students to develop creative thinking and engineering sense needed to face ill-defined real-world design problems they are expected to encounter upon graduation.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

This study obtained the following results by analyzing the standards related to a $1{\phi}$ 2W MCCB and evaluating its heat resistance characteristics. Since KS C 8321 corresponds to IEC 60947-2 standards, most of the related regulations are similar. The NFPA, which presents the user oriented safety regulations, contains no details about tests or inspections, etc., but it does specify in detail the regulations directly related to safety. It can be seen that KS C 8321 classifies in detail the items about tests and inspections. However, IEC 60947-2 and IEEE C37.51 simplified the test and inspection items or omitted some of them. When applying thermal stress to an MCCB for 6 hours at $180^{\circ}C$ using a heat resistant experimental device, it was found that the actuator lever was transformed and moved in the tripped state. In addition, most of the fixing hanger was melted down, losing their function. When applying thermal stress to the MCCB at $90^{\circ}C$, it showed nothing peculiar, but the fixing hanger was partly deformed at $105^{\circ}C$ and $120^{\circ}C$. It was found that the fixing hanger was deformed and the name plate was discolored at $150^{\circ}C$. It can be seen from the analysis of the internals of the MCCB that the trip bar has been melted away and that the up and down operator has moved up. The experiment performed by applying a withstanding voltage of 6 kV for 60 s showed that all items remained intact. In addition, the evaluation of the insulation performance performed by applying DC 500 V using an insulation-resistance tester showed good insulation performance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2001.08a
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• pp.11-13
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• 2001

For those unfamiliar with the shoe world, Pinet (1817-1897) was a contemporary of Worth, the great Parisian couturier. So I look at the glamour shoes and the world of haute couture, and indeed the development of the named designer. That is a concept we are all familiar with now. So it is not easy to comprehend the lack of names for the exquisite work before 1850. Straightway I have to say that the number of noted shoe designers is far fewer than famous dress designers, but I will introduce you to some of them, against the background of contemporary shoe fashions. Franc;ois Pinet was born in the provinces (probably Touraine) in 1817, two years after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. His father, an ex-soldier, settled to shoemaking, a comparatively clean and quiet trade. It had a tradition of literacy, interest in politics, and was known as the gentle craft, which attracted intelligent people. We should presume father would be helped by the family. It was usual for a child to begin by the age of 5-6, tying knots, sweeping up, running errands and gradually learning the job. His mother died 1827, and father 1830 when he was 13, and at the time when exports of French shoes were flooding world markets. He went to live with a master shoemaker, was not well treated, and three years later set out on the tour-de- France. He worked with masters in Tours and Nantes, where he was received as Compagnon Cordonnier Bottier du Devoir as Tourangeau-Ia rose dAmour (a name to prove most appropriate). He went on to Bordeaux, where at 19 he became president of the local branch. In 1841 he went to Paris, and in 1848, revolution year, as delegate for his corporation, he managed to persuade them not to go on strike. By now the shoemakers either ran or worked for huge warehouses, and boots had replaced shoes as the main fashion. In 1855 Pinet at the age of 38 set up his own factory, as the first machines (for sewing just the uppers) were appearing. In 1863 he moved to new ateliers and shop at Rue ParadisPoissoniere 44, employing 120 people on the premises and 700 outworkers. The English Womans Domestic Magazine in 1867 records changes in the boots: the soles are now wider, so that it is no longer necessary to walk on the uppers. There is interest in eastern Europe, the Polonaise boots with rosette of cord and tassels and Bottines Hongroises withtwo rows of buttons, much ornamented. It comments on short dresses, and recommends that the chaussure should correspond to the rest of the toilet. This could already be seen in Pinets boots: tassels and superb flower embroidery on the higher bootleg, which he showed in the Paris Exposition that year. I think his more slender and elegant Pinet heel was also patented then or 1868. I found little evidence for colour-matching: an English fashion plate of 1860 shows emerald green boots with a violetcoloured dress.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.3 s.114
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• pp.283-300
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• 2006

Gaesung city of North Korea is meaningful because of the development of Gaesung industrial complex as a peace-building project and economical cooperation works between South Korea and North Korea. This article presents the characteristics of natural landscape of Gaesung through geographical names. This research was studied by literature analysis of North Korea, depth interview of North Korean labour and refugees, and second times fieldwork. The main results of this study are as follows. Firstly, the mountain landscape of Geasung revealed on geographical names characterized mountainousness and round shape. Especially, the places where are enclosed by mountain and streams are foggy and rocky. Next the landscape of stream characterizes sandy, unstable, and tidal river. Thirdly the fauna and flora which are reflected on geographical names are hawk, snake, tiger, homed owl, snapping turtle, chestnut tree, pine tree, pear tree, zelkova tree, and willow etcetera. The environmental conditions of habitation of these are similar to the natural environment of Gaesung. Besides, the geographical names related to soil distributed in northern mountain area of Geasung. The place names implicated cliff located on the riverside. In addition to this, the geographical name of 'Bul' implicated plain distributed in the riverside of 'Seoam' which a branch stream of 'Sacheo'. And the place names related rock located in place enclosed by mountain, river, and village. In cnclusion, Gaesung is more important to us as the Gaesung industrial complex and tourism development. But the fundamental research on Gaesung is a few because Gaesung belongs to North Korea. Therefore, this research will be useful for the control and management of Gaesung in the future.

• MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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• v.98
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• pp.104-129
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• 2020

Designated as a national treasure of Korea and inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, the Tripitaka Koreana at Haeinsa Temple is the world's oldest and most comprehensive extant version of the Tripitaka in Hanja script (i.e., Chinese characters). The set consists of 81,352 carved woodblocks, some of which have two or more copies, which are known as "duplicate woodblocks." These duplicates are supplementary woodblocks (bogakpan) that were carved some time after the original production, likely to replace blocks that had been eroded or damaged by repeated printings. According to the most recent survey, the number of supplementary woodblocks is 118, or approximately 0.14% of the total set, which attests to the outstanding preservation of the original woodblocks. Research on the supplementary woodblocks can reveal important details about the preservation and management of the Tripitaka Koreana woodblocks. Most of the supplementary woodblocks were carved during the Joseon period (1392-1910) or Japanese colonial period (1910-1945). Although the details of the woodblocks from the Japanese colonial period have been recorded and organized to a certain extent, no such efforts have been made with regards to the woodblocks from the Joseon period. This paper analyzes the characteristics and production date of the supplementary woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana. The sutra with the most supplementary woodblocks is the Maha Prajnaparamita Sutra (Perfection of Transcendental Wisdom), often known as the Heart Sutra. In fact, 76 of the total 118 supplementary woodblocks (64.4%) are for this sutra. Hence, analyses of printed versions of the Maha Prajnaparamita Sutra should illuminate trends in the carving of supplementary woodblocks for the Tripitaka Koreana, including the representative characteristics of different periods. According to analysis of the 76 supplementary woodblocks of the Maha Prajnaparamita Sutra, 23 were carved during the Japanese colonial period: 12 in 1915 and 11 in 1937. The remaining 53 were carved during the Joseon period at three separate times. First, 14 of the woodblocks bear the inscription "carved in the mujin year by Haeji" ("戊辰年更刻海志"). Here, the "mujin year" is estimated to correspond to 1448, or the thirtieth year of the reign of King Sejong. On many of these 14 woodblocks, the name of the person who did the carving is engraved outside the border. One of these names is Seonggyeong, an artisan who is known to have been active in 1446, thus supporting the conclusion that the mujin year corresponds to 1448. The vertical length of these woodblocks (inside the border) is 21 cm, which is about 1 cm shorter than the original woodblocks. Some of these blocks were carved in the Zhao Mengfu script. Distinguishing features include the appearance of faint lines on some plates, and the rough finish of the bottoms. The second group of supplementary woodblocks was carved shortly after 1865, when the monks Namho Yeonggi and Haemyeong Jangung had two copies of the Tripitaka Koreana printed. At the time, some of the pages could not be printed because the original woodblocks were damaged. This is confirmed by the missing pages of the extant copy that is now preserved at Woljeongsa Temple. As a result, the supplementary woodblocks are estimated to have been produced immediately after the printing. Evidently, however, not all of the damaged woodblocks could be replaced at this time, as only six woodblocks (comprising eight pages) were carved. On the 1865 woodblocks, lines can be seen between the columns, no red paint was applied, and the prayers of patrons were also carved into the plates. The third carving of supplementary woodblocks occurred just before 1899, when the imperial court of the Korean Empire sponsored a new printing of the Tripitaka Koreana. Government officials who were dispatched to supervise the printing likely inspected the existing blocks and ordered supplementary woodblocks to be carved to replace those that were damaged. A total of 33 supplementary woodblocks (comprising 56 pages) were carved at this time, accounting for the largest number of supplementary woodblocks for the Maha Prajnaparamita Sutra. On the 1899 supplementary woodblocks, red paint was applied to each plate and one line was left blank at both ends.