• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.5_1
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• pp.481-493
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• 2017

Estuary sand bar of Namdaecheon Stream is located in Yangyang-gun, Gangwon-do in Korea. This unique place is situated between end of Namdaecheon Stream and East Sea. It is an important environment area of the global ecosystem from the transition zone of land and marine environments by forming a variety of coastal circumstance. Some endemic species should be protected which is appearing in the Namdaecheon Stream because of preservation for future generations. Especially, the salmon return to this stream as adults in order to breed which is more than 70 % of the salmon in Korea peninsular. The monitoring of estuary sand bar is need to analyze ecological environment and sustainable development with time. First of all we represents a different shape of estuary sand bar of Namdaecheon Stream from 1984 to 2015 using Landsat satellite imagery series. Particularly movement of the "tidal inlet" is most important factor to investigate the condition of the change for estuary sand bar. The location of tidal inlet is compared with precipitation, height of tide and oceanic current data according to time variation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.237-245
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• 2005

We investigated the water environmental assessment by the species biotic index (SBI) of freshwater fish at the Namdaecheon in Gangneung city, Gangweon-do during June and July in 2004 and June in 2005. In fish fauna, 29 species and 10 families were collected. Dominant species was Zacco platypus (relative abundance 15.33%) and subdominant species was Rhynchocypris steindachneri (13.13%). Species biotic index (SBI) in station 1, 2, 3, 4 was 1.70, 2.85, 1.00 and 3.39 respectively and water environmental grade by SBI was all very good. Station 5 was 4.13 in SBI and good grade. Station 6 was 4.47 and fairly good. Station 7 was 7.25 and poor. And station 8 was 8.10 and very poor grade. Results of water environmental grade by SBI and water quality grade were very similar in this stream.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2009

In general, manual calibration is commonly used for the stream water quality modelling. Because the manual calibration depends upon the subjectivity and experience of the researcher, it has a problem with the objectivity of the modelling. Thus, the interest about the automatic calibration by the optimization technique is deeply increased. In this study, Influence coefficient algorithm and Genetic algorithm are introduced to develop an automatic calibration model for the QUAL2K that are the latest version of the QUAL2E. Genetic algorithm, used in this study, is very simple and easy to understand but also applicable to any complicated mathematical problem, and it can find out the global optimum solution effectively. The developed automatic calibration model is applied to the Gangneung Namdaecheon. The calibration results about the 11 water quality variables show the good correspondence between the calculated and observed water quality values.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.149-160
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• 2022

The goal of this study was to investigate the diversity of wild yeasts from the waters and soils of Haegeumgang in Gyungsangnam-do, and Namdaecheon and Geumsancheon in upstream of Geumgang, Korea and to characterize any previously unrecorded wild yeast strains. In total, 52 strains comprising 22 different species of wild yeasts were isolated from 35 samples obtained from Haegeumgang. Forty three and sevent nine wild yeast strains were isolated from 90 samples taken from Namdaecheon and Geumsancheon, respectively. Among the total 174 isolated wild yeast strains, 4 strains, i.e., Exobasidium rhododendri HGG10-5 (NNIBR2022633FG1), Udeniomyces pyricola NDC29-1 (NNIBR2022633FG2), Diddensiella caesifluorescens GSC2-2 (NNIBR2022633FG5) and Pichia scaptomyzae BAC2-3 (NNIBR2022633FG4) were previously unrecorded yeasts were oval or spherical in shape, only Pichia scaptomyzae BAC 2-3 formed ascospores. Three strains with the exception of Udeniomyces pyricola NDC 29-1 grew well in vitamin-free medium and Exobasidium rhododendri HGG 10-5 grew well in YPD medium containing 10% NaCl. All four novel strains assimilated fructose, lactose, raffinose, starch and xylose.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.57-75
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of estuary regions, Namdaecheon, Jusucheon, and Maeupcheon, placed in the east coast of Gangwon-do. The vascular plants were summarized as 441taxa, including 90 families, 277 genera, 388 species, 2 subspecies, 35 varieties, and 6 forms. Number of species in each investigated region was 271taxa of Namdaecheon, 247taxa of Jusucheon, and 285taxa of Maeupcheon, respectively. Among the investigated 441taxa, 7 Korean endemic, 5 rare plants and 37 specially designated plants by Ministry of Environment were also included. Aquatic and hydrophyte plants were collected 41taxa, and the thinophyte and halophyte plants were investigated 22taxa. The naturalized plants were 59taxa, and the percent of naturalized plant species was estimated as 13.3%. Based on the floristic composition, Maeupcheon was estimated as well conserved estuary region among the investigated 3 rivers.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.341-350
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• 2004

We examined estuarine macrobenthos in Namdaecheon estuary, Gangneung, Korea, September 22, 1997. A total of 56 species were found together with an abundance of 378 individuals $m^{-2}$/ and a biomass of 20.79 gWWt $m^{-2}$. The major dominant species were unidentified oligochaete followed by different species of polychaetes Hediste japonica, Rhynchospio glutaea, Poecilochaetus trilobatus, Scoloplos armiger, Spiophanes bombyx and a talitrid amphipod Platorchestia crassicornis. The study area was divided into two different groups of stations and species, based on the q -mode and r-mode clustering analysis. In case of q-mode, there are two groups: one is a marine station group and the other is estuarine group. The r-mode clustering analysis showed the two main communities as follows; 1) Marine species group occurred only at station 7, 8 and 9 and 2) Estuarine species group composed of the species present at station 1 to 6 and 10 to 15. In the number of species, the estuarine station group includes 13 species, whereas 43 species were presented in the marine station group. Total macrofaunal abundance and total biomass were higher in the marine station group than those in the estuarine group. The species diversity index was also high in the marine group (> 2), whereas it was less than ca. 1 in the estuarine group.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.139-155
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• 2018

This study investigates the processes of the "Production of Nature" and the preservation and exploitation of nature in the local festival. The recent discussions in tourism geography address the neoliberalization of nature with its political-ecological interpretation. Yangyang-gun has been one of the main regions that have made efforts to make salmon back to the streams. Also, the Yangyang Salmon Festival was organized to celebrate and symbolize the successful restoration of nature. In fact, however, the festival focuses on the commercialization of salmon. Moreover, it is hard to consider Namdaecheon as the successfully restored ecosystem for salmon. As the returning number of salmon has not significantly increased and the festival itself has not been successful to attract many tourists, the local people show declining interest on the conservation of salmon. Contrast to the catchphrase of the festival to emphasize the conservation of nature and restoration of ecosystem, there are still many hurdles that jeopardize returning of salmon. This controversy leads diverse actors into conflict over the conservation of salmon and Namdaecheon. The players in the dispute encompass local people, local and national governments and international organization. Nature appropriated for ecotourism is selectively defined, used and emphasized by the interests of agencies at multiple scales. The findings of this study show that the concept of "Produced Nature" is more useful than intrinsic or original perspective on nature as long as we try to understand the commercialization of nature that is appropriated for the repertoire of local festival.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

동해안의 강원도 양양읍 남대천 하구에 발달한 spit beach의 지형적변화(1979∼ 1996) 는 outlet의 위치변화와 해안선 모습의 변화로 규명되었는바 일차적인 변화는 해안에 평행한 spit의 성장이며 이차적인 변화는 spit폭의 변화(overwash across sedimentation)라 고 밝혀졌다. 해빈환경의 소환경(subenvironment)으로서 swash zone과 berm crest는 각각 의 특징적 퇴적상(조직매개변수)으로 구분되는바 이에 관한 분석결과가 기술되었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2014

This research was conducted on the conservation area of Baekdudaegan, Kangwondo under the purpose of evaluating bio-diversity according to the changes of spatial scale, using GIS data and spatial filtering method. The diversity index was calculated based on the information of species of The $5^{th}$ forest type map using Shannon-weaver index (H'), evenness index ($E_i$) and richness index ($R_i$). The diversity index was analyzed and compared according to the changes of 12 spatial scales from Kernel size $3{\times}3$ to $73{\times}73$ and basin unit. As for H' and $R_i$, spatial scale increased as diversity index decreased, while $E_i$ decreases gradually. H' and $R_i$ was highest; each 1.1 and 0.6, when the Kernel size was $73{\times}73$, while $E_i$ was 0.2, the lowest. When you look at according to the basin unit, for large basin unit, 'YeongDong' region shows higher diversity index than 'YeongSeo' region. For middle basin unit, 'Gangneung Namdaecheon' region, and for small basin unit, 'Gangneung Namdaecheon' and 'Gangneung Ohbongdaem' region shows high diversity index. When you look at the relationship between diversity index and Geographic factors, H' shows positive relation to curvature and sunshine factor while shows negative to elevation, slope, hillshade, and wetness index. Also $E_i$ was similar to the relationship between H' and Geographic factor. Meanwhile, $R_i$ shows positive relationship to curvature and sunshine factor, while negative to elevation, slope, hillshade, and wetness index. macro unit diversity index evaluation was possible through the GIS data and spatial filtering, and it can be a good source for local biosphere conservation policy making.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.467-479
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• 2013

This study was conducted to find out characterization of spatial distribution of birds observed in river areas. Our bird survey was carried out 4 times at 31 sites from January to September in 2011. A total of 1,609 accumulated individuals belonging to 59 species, 28 families and 11 orders were observed. In the result of spatial autocorrelation analysis using the richness index of the maximum counts of each sites, we confirmed that the distribution of birds in Namdaecheon river was clustered and the tendency of spatial autocorrelation was apparent. The area of each sites within a 200m radius was classified in four biotope categories such as agricultural land, forest, residential area and water area, and the spatial autocorrelation was analysed about four types. In the result of spatial autocorrelation analysis for four biotope categories, all types were showed the positive spatial autocorrelation, but the type of water area was higher than other types. The positive correlation was found between the water area and water birds in statistical significance. However, the forest birds had non-significance values. Therefore, it is appropriate to focus on water birds except for forest birds, when researches of bird distribution in river ecosystem is conducted. The number of bird species and individuals increased as the riverside of water area was to widen. Thus, if the areas of riverside offering the feeding and roosting area increase, it will be accommodated many birds. Also, the areas of riverside should be maintained naturally because it is an important habitats of birds. Our study area is on the outskirts the city of higher rates of forest and agricultural land, it may be unreasonable to apply our results to the whole rivers. If the research about the river flowing around the city will be conducted, it is expected to be useful to the relation study area such as ecological river's restoration.