• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1279-1285
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• 2007

The activated carbon was prepared from waste citrus peels using NaOH. With the increase of NaOH ratio, iodine adsorptivity and specific surface area of the activated carbon prepared were increased, but activation yield was decreased. The optimal condition of activation was at 300% NaOH and $700^{\circ}C$ for 1.5 hr. For the activated carbon produced under optimal condition, iodine adsorptivity was 1,006 mg/g, specific surface area was $1,356 m^2/g$, and average pore diameter was $20{\sim}25{\AA}$. From the adsorption experiment for benzene vapor in fixed bed reactor, it was found that the adsorption capacity of activated carbon prepared from waste citrus peel was higher than that of activated carbon purchased from Calgon company. This result implied that the activated carbon prepared from waste citrus peel could be used for gas phase adsorption.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.769-774
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• 2011

NaOH 활성화법을 이용하여 다공성 탄소나노섬유(carbon nanofibers; 이하 CNF)를 온도 범위 700~$900^{\circ}C$에서 합성하였고, 상기 제조된 다공성 CNF를 담지체로 하여 직접메탄올 연료전지의 연료극용 촉매를 제조하고 평가하였다. NaOH 활성화에 의한 CNF 표면 특성의 변화를 비표면적 및 기공 크기 분포 자료를 통하여 조사하였고, 형상 및 구조의 변화를 전자현미경을 통하여 관찰하였다. 활성화 CNF에 담지된 촉매의 활성을 메탄올 산화 특성 및 단위전지를 통하여 평가하였다. 본 활성화 방법에 의한 기공의 형성과 이에 담지된 촉매의 활성과의 관계에 대한 고찰을 하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2001

폴리염화비닐(PVC)을 0~2 M NaOH수용액중에서 반응온도 $200~250^{\circ}C$, 반응시간 0~5시간으로 수열처리한 경우 PVC의 탈염화수소속도에 관해서 조사했다 수중에서는 PVC분말의 탈염화수소반응은 외견상 0차반응으로 진행되며, 이때의 활성화에너지는 약 46 kcal/mol이다. NaOH중에서의 탈염화수소에서는 NaOH농도가 0.5 M까지는 탈염화수소반응은 촉진되어지며 탈염화수소반응은 외 견상 1차반응으로 진행되었다. 또한 0.5M이상에서는 반응속도는 거의 일정했다. 0.1 M 및 0.5M NaOH수용액중에서의 탈염화수소반응의 활성화에너지는 약 46 kcal/mol로서 수중의 경우와 거의 같았다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 칼슘 함량이 낮은 플라이 애쉬를 이용하여 포틀랜트시멘트를 대신할 수 있는 알칼리활성 플라이 애쉬-시멘트를 제조하는데 있다. 플라이 애쉬의 활성화는 다양한 수산화나트륨 농도와 온도 그리고 liquid/fly ash 혼합비율에서 수행하였다. 좀 더 높은 압축강도를 가진 경화체를 얻기 위하여 규산나트륨을 알칼리 용액에 첨가하였다. 강도발현의 관점에서 볼 때, liquid/fly ash의 혼합비율과 활성화제 농도 그리고 온도는 항상 중요한 인자로 작용하였다. $NaOH(210g)+Na_2SiO_3{\cdot}9H_2O(30g)+H_2O=1L$로 구성된 알칼리 활성용액은 $50^{\circ}C$에서 칼슘 함량이 낮은 플라이 애쉬의 알칼리활성 효과를 가장 높게 나타냈다. 알칼리활성화된 플라이 애쉬는 주로 quartz와 mullite 그리고 무정형의 aluminosilicate로 구성되었음을 SEM과 XRD 분석결과에서 보여주었다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2011

This study was performed to improve the corrosion resistance and the stability of passive film on copper tube by potentiostatic polarization method in synthetic tap water. Formation of passive film was carried out by anodic potentiostatic polarization at various passivation potentials and passivation times in 0.1 M NaOH solution. Stability of passive film and corrosion resistance was evaluated by self-activation time, ${\tau}_0$ from passive state to active state on open-circuit state in 0.1 M NaOH solution. Addition of polyphosphate in NaOH solution prolonged the self-activation time and improved the corrosion resistance, and the addition of 5 ppm polyphosphate was most effective. It was also observed that better corrosion resistance was obtained by potentiostatic polarization at 1.0 V (vs. SCE) than at any other passivation potentials. Passivated copper tube showed perfect corrosion resistance for the immersion test in synthetic tap water showing that the anodic potentiostatic polarization treatment in 0.1 M NaOH with 5 ppm polyphosphate solution would be effective in improving the corrosion resistance and preventing the blue water problem.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.358-363
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• 2008

The intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure has recently been utilized to produce transgenic animals and may serve as an alternative to the conventional pronuclear microinjection in species such as pigs whose ooplasm is opaque and pronuclei are often invisible. In this study, the effects of sperm membrane disruption and electrical activation of oocytes on in vitro development and expression of transgene green fluorescent protein (GFP) in ICSI embryos were tested to refine this recently developed procedure. Prior to ICSI, sperm heads were treated with Triton X-100+NaCl or Triton X-100+NaCl+NaOH, to disrupt membrane to be permeable to exogenous DNA, and incubated with linearized pEGFP-N1 vector. To induce activation of oocytes, a single DC pulse of 1.3 kV/cm was applied to oocytes for $30{\mu}sec$. After ICSI was performed with the aid of a micromanipulator, in vitro development of embryos and GFP expression were monitored. The chemical treatment to disrupt sperm membrane did not affect the developmental competence of embryos. 40 to 60% of oocytes were cleaved after injection of sperm heads with disrupted membrane, whereas 48.6% (34/70) were cleaved without chemical treatment. Regardless of electrical stimulation to induce activation, oocytes were cleaved after ICSI, reflecting that, despite sperm membrane disruption, the perinuclear soluble sperm factor known to mediate oocyte activation remained intact. After development to the 4-cell stage, 11.8 (2/17, Triton X-100+NaCl+NaOH) to 58.8% (10/17, Triton X-100+NaCl) of embryos expressed GFP. The expression of GFP beyond the stage of embryonic genome activation (4-cell stage in the pig) indicates that the exogenous DNA might have been integrated into the porcine genome. When sperm heads were co-incubated with exogenous DNA following the treatment of Triton X-100+NaCl, GFP expression was observed in high percentage (58.8%) of embryos, suggesting that transgenic pigs may efficiently be produced using ICSI.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 농산물 폐기물인 국산 포도씨를 원료로 사용하여 roasting, cabonization, chemical activation 과정을 각각 거쳐 활성탄을 제조하였다. 화학적 활성화는 NaOH, KOH, ZnCl$_2$를 활성화제로 사용하였다. 100-300wt%의 중량비율로 활성화하여 제조된 활성탄의 N$_2$-BET 비표면적은 44.09~121.33 m$^2$/g으로 측정되었다. 포도씨 활성탄에 메틸렌 블루를 흡착 시킨 후 UV spectrometer를 사용하여 투광도를 측정하였으며, 투광도 측정 시 메틸렌 블루의 최대 흡광파장은 660 nm로 설정하였다. 그 결과 메틸렌블루의 흡착은 NaOH 활성화제를 사용하여 제조한 활성탄에서 가장 잘 이루어졌으며, 평형 흡착 시간은 60분인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.214-222
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• 2002

In order to give a silk-like touch to PET fabrics, the PET fabrics were treated with NaOH alkaline solution in various conditions. In alkaline treatment, the liquor flow type pilot weight reduction apparatus with magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducer was used for the study. The weight loss of PET fabrics hydrolyzed in 4% and 6% NaOH solution, at $95^\circ{C}$ and $99^\circ{C}$ for 60min. with ultrasonic application showed 3.7~4.6% higher than that of treated fabric without ultrasonic application. From the difference of specific weight loss, the treatment condition of the maximum of hydrolyzation effect appeared at $95^\circ{C}$ in $4^\circ{C}$ and at $90^\circ{C}$ in 6% NaOH solution, respectively. During the alkali hydrolysis of PET fabrics, the decomposition rate constant(k) increased exponentially with the treatment temperature and were not related with ultrasonic cavitation. The activation energy$(E_a)$ in decomposition of PET fabrics were 21.06kcal/mol with ultrasonic application and 21.10kcal/mol without ultrasonic application. The ultrasonic application gave a little higher value of the activation entropy$(\Delta{S}^\neq)$ and a little lower value of Gibbs free energy$(\Delta{S}^\neq)$ compared with not used ultrasonic apparatus.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2011

This study examined the effect of environmental variables, such as the NaOH concentration and solution temperature, on the rate of hydrogen generation from NaOH solutions through the corrosion of used aluminum cans as a potential candidate material for the safe and economic production of hydrogen. Corrosion of the used aluminum cans was promoted by increasing the NaOH concentration and solution temperature because of the loss of aluminum passivity. The measured rate of hydrogen generation from the NaOH solutions increased with increasing NaOH concentration due to the catalytic activity of NaOH in the hydrolysis process. However, at higher solution temperatures, the rate of hydrogen generation rate was less affected by the NaOH concentration than that at lower temperature.

• 청정기술
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2023

흡착을 이용한 오염물질 정화 방법에 많은 관심이 집중되고 있으며, 최근에는 바이오차를 이용하여 유기 및 무기오염물질 제거에도 이용할 수 있다는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 특히 폐자원 바이오매스로 폐목재는 바이오매스 재활용 방안이 필요한 상황으로 폐목재를 이용하여 생성된 바이오차를 흡착용량을 증가하기 위한 방법이 필요하다. 저온고압을 이용하여 에너지 소비가 낮고 수분 제거 전처리가 필요없는 열수가압탄화(Hydrothermal Carbonization, HTC)를 이용하여 탄화하여 바이오차를 생성하고, KOH, NaOH, ZnCl₂ 약품을 이용한 화학적 활성화법으로 생성된 바이오차를 약품별 활성화에 따른 요오드 흡착능, 비표면적, 세공크기, 세공부피, 세공분포 및 SEM을 분석하여 흡착특성을 파악하였다. HTC 300℃, 4 hr에서 생성된 바이오차를 KOH, NaOH, ZnCl₂ 약품별로 활성화로 생성된 바이오차 중 요오드흡착능이 높은 바이오차를 선정하여 비표면적, 세공부피, 세공크기 및 세공분포를 분석한 결과, 비표면적은 774~1.387 m²/g으로 활성탄과 같은 높은 비표면적을 나타냈으며, 평균세공크기 21~24 Å 범위의 미세공이 형성되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 SEM 관찰한 결과 활성화에 따라 표면이 일정한 형태의 균일한 세공이 발달되고 세공의 수가 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.