• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.62-72
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• 1986

At present, the definition and chemical analysis method of available soil phosphorus for plants have not been standardized because of the complexity of crop and soil characteristics in Korea and many analysis methods have been suggested with different extraction conditions. Suitable analytical method of available soil P should be established by the trial of various methods based on crop nutrition and soil conditions. To establish the most suitable analysis method of available soiIP, a pot experiment with young maize was conducted over 44 different upland soils collected over the land of Korea. The amount of uptaken P by the plant was determined by ten different chemical methods for the available soil P. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Total phosphorus content in the sample soils ranged ranged $533{\sim}4917\;ppm$, and showed significant positive correlation with the content of organic matter. 2. The P content was relatively low in the acid sulfate soil and very high in the volcanic ash soil although both types of soil contained high level of orgic matter. 3. The amount of extractable P determined by ten different methods were varied more or less, and the ratios of the extractable P to the total soil P were in the range of $1{\sim}48%$. 4. The relative values to the amount of extractable soil P by different methods were in the order of $H_2O(5\;min.)\;1.0\;<\;H_2O(60min.)\;2.27\;<\;NH_4HCO_3\;5.57\;<\;NaHCO_3\;7.42\;<\;Double\;lactate\;9.71\;<\;Bray\;No.1\;12.53\;<\;Lancaster\;17.63\;<\;Nelson\;25.96\;<\;AcOH\;27.6\;<\;CAL-method\;50.27$ 5. The amount of extractable P determined by all of applied methods was very low in acid sulfate soil, volcanic ash soil and coarse textured soil. 6. Soil pH and total soil P generally showed significant positive correlation with the chemically extracted P, and soil organic matter was negatively correlated with the determined by Nelson-and CAL-method. Olsen method which showed significant correlation with exchangeable calcium seemed to be recommendable for calcareous soils. 7. Total amount of uptaken P by Young maize through continuos twice cropping was 4.05% of total soil P in average, and the uptake in the second cropping was twice as much as that of the first cropping. 8. Three determination methods, i.e. Soltanpour-, Double lactate and Bray No. 1-method seemed to be more suitable than Lancaster method which is widely practiced at present in Korea. However, further study should be carried out with other crops and soils to most adequate chemical method for determination of available soil P.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 1993

The main experiment related to this report was undertaken to assess the effects of two rates of $Ca(OH)_2$ (0, 250 kg/10a only at establishment) and five rates of N-$P_{2}O_{5}$-$K_2O$ (0-0-0, 0-10-10, 6-15-15, 12-20-20, 24-25-20 kg/10a/year) on the pasture establishment, on forage yield and quality, vegetation etc. After this 10-year main experiment, this pasture had been used to assess the effects of the above treatments on the soil characteristics in oversown hilly pasture of a grass-clover sward. This 1st part is concerned with the soil properties of pH-value. OM, T-N, avail. $P_{2}O_{5}$ and $P_{2}O_{5}$ absorption coefficient, and lime requirement by the soil depth. 1. The pH of the topsoil(0~l5 cm) was lowered from pH 5.12 of before the experiment to 4.90 of when $Ca(OH)_2$ was applied and to 4.68 of when $Ca(OH)_2$ was not applied. The pH decrease was more evident with the increase of NPK application rate and in the upper part of the top soil(0.0~7.5 cm). The additional application of lime was necessary in all the experiment blocks due to the strong acidity of the soil, and the amounts of lime requirement were increased with increased application rates of NPK and soil depth. 2. The contents of organic matter and T-N were increased in all the blocks by the establishment of the hilly pasture, and were higher in $Ca(OH)_2$ applied blocks than non-applied blocks. The contents were inversely correlated with the soil depth. No correlation was observed between the contents and the application rates of NPK. 3. The content of available $P_{2}O_{5}$-$K_2O$, was increased with the increased application of P, especially in the upper part of top soil. The content in the upper part(0.0~7.5 cm) was about twice of that in the lower part(7.5~15.0 cm). Since the contents of available $P_{2}O_{5}$$P_{2}O_{5}$/10a/year were applied, respectively), it is necessary to decrease the application rate of $P_{2}O_{5}$, gradually. The $P_{2}O_{5}$ absorption coefficient in topsoil (0.0~15.0 cm) was more or less higher when no lime and less $P_{2}O_{5}$, was applied. No correlation was observed in subsoil. 4. Further studies on the methods, rates, time of additional application of lime, and on the methods of decreased apllication of $P_{2}O_{5}$ should be performed for better management of oversown hilly pasture.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1983

The purpose of the present work is to find out the optimal conditions for the production of filefish protein preparations and to define the functional properties of the protein products. Fish protein concentrate (FPC) and fish protein isolate (FPI) were prepared by extraction of whole or headed and gutted filefish with various organic solvents. The results of the present study are as follows; 1. Among the solvents tested iso-propyl alcohol appeared to be the most effective for the extraction of lipid and also for that trimethylamine from the fish muscle. 2. The optimal extraction time showed to be 20 minutes with ethyl iso-propyl alcohol at $65-70^{\circ}C$under adequate mixing. 3. The most effective solvent ratio to the weight of fish material was proved to be 5:1 at the first extraction and to be 2:1 at the second stage. 4. The lipid content of the protein preparations reduced to below 0.5% by the third stage of extraction of headed or gutted filefish. The protein concentrate from whole fish, however, showed the lipid content of 0.27-0.31% only after the fifth stage of extration. 5. The protein contents of the protein concentrate and the protein isolate from whole filefish were 81.08% and 87.41% and the lipid contents of the two protein preparations were 0.43% and 0.45% respectively. 6. Higher calcium content was found in the protein concentrate rather than in the protein isolate. No sodium and potassium in the protein isolate were detected while the fish concentrate appeared to contain a considerable amounts of both elements. 7. The functional properties, such as suspended solids, wetability, emulsion stability and foam viscosity of the filefish protein isolates were proved to be higher than those of the protein concentrate.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2014

This study was conducted to observe the spawning behavior and early life histroy of elegant blenny, Omobranchus elegans reared in the laboratory. The elegant blenny were caught at Dolsan lsland, Yeosu-si, Jeollanamdo from June in 2012. As a result of observeation, male fish attracted female continuously and guide lead to spawning site and clean the surface of inner pant in oyster shell or barnacle shell. Female left after spawning and male protected their eggs until they had hatched out. The fertilized eggs were spherical in shape (mean diameter: 1.06 mm; mean oil globule diameter: 0.24 mm) and transparent. Larvae hatched at 203 hrs 40 mins after fertilization at $25.5{\sim}28.5^{\circ}C$ (mean $27.0^{\circ}C$). The newly hatched larvae were 3.04~3.09mm(mean 3.06 mm, n=10) in total length and their mouth and anus were already opened. They began to eat rotifer and transformed to postarvae stage. 10 days after hatching postlarvae was measured 6.39~6.45mm(mean 6.42 mm, n=10) in total length. 60 days after hatching juvenile was measured 21.5~22.2 mm (mean 21.8 mm, n=10) in total length with dosal fin rays XI-22; ventral fin rays I-2; anal fin rays II-23; caudal fin rays 21; pectoral fin rays 13.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2006

Background: In the measurement of bronchodilator reversibility, the forced expiratory volume in one second($FEV_{1}$) and the forced vital capacity(FVC) are commonly used parameters and recommended criteria for the reversibility requiring an increase of more than 200ml and 12% above the baseline, respectively. However, aged patients do not often meet the criteria of an increase in volume(>200ml) even though the medical history of that patient is adequate for asthma. This study investigated the role of the forced expiratory volume in six seconds($FEV_{6}$) in the bronchodilator reversibility test in elderly patients. Methods: A total of 236 patients more than 65 years of age with a $FEV_{1}$/FVC ratio<80% were enrolled in this study. The bronchodilator revesibility tests were examined. With the setting $FEV_{1}$ as the baseline, the patients were divided into three groups; Group I : $$FEV_{1}{\geq_-}80%$$ of the predicted value, Group II : 60%<$FEV_{1}$<80% of the predicted value, Group III : $$FEV_{1}{\leq_-}60%$$ of the predicted value. Results: Positive reversibility in the $FEV_{1}$, $FEV_{6}$, and FVC was in 33(14.0%), 49(20.8%) and 55(23.3%). However, Group III presented with reversibility in the $FEV_{1}$, $FEV_{6}$, and FVC in 15(22.4%), 30(44.8%) and 32(47.8%) respectively. Conclusions: The $FEV_{6}$ might be used as a complementary parameter in bronchodilatror reversibility in elderly patients. However, more study will be needed to determine the usefulness of $FEV_{6}$ in bronchodilator reversibility test.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 2015

In this study, the antioxidant activity of water and ethanol extracts from Hibiscus esculentus, Cirsium japonicum, Zizania latifolia and Kalopanax pictus for functional food source were examined. The optimal conditions for phenolic compounds extraction from medicinal plants were at 50% ethanol with Hibiscus esculentus and Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense, at 40% ethanol with Kalopanax pictus and at 60% ethanol with Zizania latifolia. The total phenolic contents from the extracts of medical plants were determined to be 2.72~34.15 mg/g in the water extracts and 2.83~34.23 mg/g in the ethanol extracts. The electron-donating abilities (EDA) of the water and ethanol extracts were both above 74% at the low concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. The ABTS radical-cation decolorization was above 88% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration in all the extracts of various medicinal plants. The antioxidant protection factor (PF) in the water and ethanol extracts of the Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense extracts was $1.73{\pm}0.02PF$ and $1.76{\pm}0.01PF$ at $50{\mu}g/mL$ concentration respectively, and was higher than those of the other medicinal-plant extracts. The TBARs inhibition rates of all the medicinal-plant extracts, were above 80% at the $50{\mu}g/mL$ concentration except Hibiscus esculentus. These results confirmed that the various oriental medicinal plants (Hibiscus esculentus, Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense, Kalopanax pictus and Zizania latifolia) that were included in this study are useful anti-oxidant and functional-food resources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.847-885
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop a web-based internet program for nutritional assessment and diet Prescription by renal diseases. Renal diseases were classified by nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The system consisted of five parts according to their functions and contents. The first part is to assess the general health status such as body weight, obesity index, basal metabolic rate and total energy requirement by the input of age, sex, height, weight and degree of activity. The second part was designed to investigate dietary history of patient, that is, to find out his inappropriate dietary habit and give him some suggestions for appropriate dietary behavior by investigating his dietary history. This part also offers the diet and nutrition management by personal status with renal disease, and the information for food selection, snacks, convenience foods, dine-out, behavioral modification, cooking methods, food exchange lists and terms. The third part is evaluating their energy and nutrients intake by comparing with recommended dietary allowance for Koreans or standardized data for patient with renal disease. In this part, it is also analyzing energy and nutrients of food consumed by food group and meals, and evaluating the status of nutrient intake. The fort]1 one, a major part of the system, is implementing the diet and menu planning by using food exchange lists. This Part Provides the patient with menus lists and I day menu suitable to his weight, activity and the status of renal disease. The fifth part is providing information on energy and nutrients of foods and drinks, and top 20 foods classified by nutrients. These results are finally displayed as tabular forms and graphical forms on the computer screen.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.3 s.74
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• pp.383-397
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• 1999

Bone is a dynamic tissue which is constantly remodelled by subsequent cycles of bone resorption and formation. Glucocorticoid and vitamine $D_3$ are known as regulating substances in bone metabolism. In vitro experiments using bone tissue, it was suggested that glucocorticoid inhibits bone resorption, whereas the effect of glucocorticoid on bone formation are complex- increasing or decreasing effect. The active form of vitamin $D_3$, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol[1.25-$(OH)_2D_3$], has been reported to stimulate osteoblastic activities including the production of ALP, type I collagen, and osteoclacin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of admixture of vitamin $D_3$ and dexamethasone, one of glucocorticoids, on osteoblastic cell line(MC3T3-E1). Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and MTT assay were conducted in the cultivated cells with 1, 10, 100nM/ml of 1,25-$(OH)_2D_3$ and/or 10nM/ml, 100nM/ml, $1{\mu}M/ml$ of dexamethasone. The observed results were as follows. 1. The activity of osteoblastic cells with $1{\mu}M/ml$ of dexamethasone was significantly increased at 1-day cultivation with comparison to control group, but was decreased afterwards. But the activity of ALP was greatest in $1{\mu}M/ml$ of dexamethasone and increased with time lapsed. 2. The activity of osteoblastic cells with vitamin $D_3$ was significantly increased dose-dependently at 1-day cultivation, but was significantly decreased in l00nM/.ml at 2-day cultivation, and was a little increased again at 3-day cultivation. The activity of ALP was increased in 10nM/ml or 100nM/ml at 2-day or 3-day cultivation, and was greatest in 100nM/ml at 3-day cultivation. 3. In case of admixture of dexamethasone and vitamin $D_3$, the cellular activity was decreased in any concentration of vitamin $D_3$ at 2-day cultivation, but was increased again at 3-day cultivation, which was greater than that in control or dexamethasone only group. The activity of ALP was decreased at 1-day cultivation, but was increased in the admixture of 10nM/ml or 100nM/ml of dexamethasone with 100nM/ml of vitamin $D_3$ at 2-day cultivation, and was again decreased at 3-day cultivation.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.8 no.1_2
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• pp.57-62
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• 1974

이 논문(論文)은 1973년(年) ICSH주최로 열린 panel에서 적혈구파괴(赤血球破壞) 장소(場所)를 결정(決定)하기 위한 생체(生體) 체표계측법(醫表計測法)의 표준화(標準化)에 관(關)한 토론(討論) 결과(結果)를 초록(抄錄)한 것이다. 체표계측(體表計測)은 체외(體外)에서 계측기(計測器)를 이용(利用)하여 각(各) 장기(臟器)에서의 방사표지물질(放射標識物質)의 분포(分布) 및 시간경과(時間經過)에 따른 변화(變化)를 측정(測定)하는 것으로서 $^{51}Cr$를 사용(使用)하여 적혈구수명(赤血球壽命)을 측정(測定)할 때 간(肝), 비(脾), 심장(心臟)의 방사능(放射能)을 계측(計測)한다. 이 방법(方法)은 각(各) 장기(臟器)에서의 적혈구파괴(赤血球破壞)의 정도(程度)를 예측할 수 있다. 특(特)히 용혈성(溶血性) 빈혈환자(貧血患者)에서 비장적출(脾臟摘出) 여부를 결정(決定)하는데 도움이 된다. 이 panel에서는 주(主)로 오차(誤差)의 원인(原因)이 되는 여러가지 요인(要因)에 대(對)하여 토론(討論)하였으며 일반적으로 다음과 같은 것에 의견(意見)의 일치(一致)를 보았다. 즉(卽) 비장(脾臟)의 위치(位置)는 $^{99m}Tc$로 비주사(脾走査)를 실시하여 결정(決定)하는것이 좋고, $^{51}Cr$은 체중(體重) 1kg당 $1.5{\mu}Ci$를 사용하여, 계측기(計測器)는 NaI crystal(직경이 5cm이상, 두께가 3.75cm이상)의 scintillation doctor를 사용하고, 계측(計測)은 $^{51}Cr$로 표지(標識)된 적혈구(赤血球) 주입후(注入後) 15분(分) 이후(以後)에 하고 다음날 계측(計測)한 후(後) 2주(週) 동안에 적어도 6번 계측(計測)한다. Data 처리는 excess count법(法)과 비(脾)와 간(肝)의 비(比)로서하는 것이 좋다.定値)에 차이(差異)가 있어 그 결과(結果)의 해석(解釋) 및 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)에 적지않은 난점(難點)이 생겨 표준화(標準化)된 공통적(共通的)인 방법(方法)의 사용(使用)이 중요(重要)하다는 사실(事實)이 인식(認識)되게 되었다. 1966년(年) 호주(濠洲)의 Sydney에서 개최(開催)되었든 제11차(第11次) 국제혈액학회(國際血學會)때 열린 제4차(第4次) International Committee for Standardization in Haematology(ICSH)에서 Diagnostic Applications of Radioisotopes in Haematology에 관(關)한 expert panel을 갖을것을 의결(議決)하여 다음과 같은 12명(名)의 위원(委員)이 결정(決定)되었으며 위원회(委員會)의 의장(議長)에 Dr. Szur, 총무(總務)에 Dr. Glass가 각각(各各) 선임(選任)되었다. 그간(間) 1967년(年) 영경(英京) London에서 첫 회합(會合)이 있은후(後) New York, Vienna(IAEA후원(後援)) Brthesda(NIH후원(後援))에서 전문위원회(專門委員會)를 갖고 적혈구수명측정법(赤血球壽命測定法)에 관(關)한 의견(意見)의 일치(一致)를 보았다. ICSH와 국제혈액학회(國際血學會)에서는 이번에 결정(決定)된 적혈구수명측정법(赤血球壽命測定法)을 널리 소개(紹介)하며, 측정법(測定法)과 얻어진 결과(結果)의 해석(解釋)에 표준화(標準化)를 기(期)할 목적(目的)으로 이에 연관성(聯關性)있는 전문지(專門誌)에 게재(揭載)할 것을 요청(要請) 받었기에 이에 전문(全文)을 소개(紹介)하는 바이다. 이들은 방사성(放射性) chromium 법(法)의 모든 세부적(細部的)인 면(面)을 표준화(標準化)하고 있으며 그간(間) 가장 논란(論難)의 대상(對象)이 되었던, $^{51}Cr$-표지방법(標識方法)에 있어서의 세가지 변법(變法),

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2010

This study compares and contrasts the dynamics of plankton in 31 temperate lakes and reservoirs, and considers particularly the biomass ratio of zooplankton to phytoplankton and ecological model application. A total of 89 species of zooplankton were identified (70 rotifers, 14 cladocerans and 5 copepods) and a total of 554 species of phytoplankton were identified (176 Bacillariophyceae, 237 Chlorophyceae, 68 Cyanophyceae, and 73 other algal taxa). The total plankton abundance and species diversity were showed distinctive spatial and seasonal variation. Annual average phytoplankton density was $7,350{\pm}15,592$ cells $mL^{-1}$ (n=124), and the lowest was $855{\pm}448$ cells $mL^{-1}$ (n=4), while the highest was $72,048{\pm}13,4631$ cells $mL^{-1}$ (n=4). For zooplankton, small rotifer groups dominated the study sites, and approximately 3~10 species appeared in the study sites. Statistical analysis and an ecological model application revealed that the size of reservoirs affected the structure size of plankton community, i.e. relatively large number of species were found in smaller reservoirs. From this result, we can conclude that management strategy for the reservoir environment has to be focused more on small-size reservoirs, in terms of plankton community ecology.