• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.361-365
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• 1999

This atudy was conducted to determine the growth characteristics and photosynthesis of soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Keumjongkongl) 30 day old seedling to 100mM NaCl concentration containing 1/2 Hoagland`s nutrient solution in sand culture. The nodule formation of root is not found perfectly with NaCl stress. The leaf dry matter weight (g/plant) of stressed plant is more reduction in 77% to control than any other characters. The water content (%) is tend to increase but water potential (MPa) is tend to decrease at NaCl stress. The chlorophyll content (SPAD) is tend to increase at growing leaf age of control but decrease at NaCl stress. The photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration are tend to decrease sharply at NaCl stress.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2020

This study aimed to optimize the culture conditions to improve the crude biosurfactant activity of Bacillus pumilus IJ-1, using a 3³ full-factorial design of response surface methodology (RSM). It was found that submerged fermentation of B. pumilus improved the activity of the crude biosurfactant. The factors selected for optimization were NaCl concentration, temperature, and tryptone concentration. Response surface analysis revealed that the fitted quadratic model was statistically significant and produced an adequate R² value (0.9898) and a low probability value (<0.0001). The optimum level for each factor was found to be 0.567% (w/v) NaCl, 21.851℃ and 0.765% (w/v) tryptone, respectively. Crude biosurfactant activity was found to be most affected by tryptone concentration; then temperature, and finally NaCl concentration. Our results may potentially facilitate large-scale biosurfactant production from B. pumilus IJ-1.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.207-213
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• 1991

In this study poly (1-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium iodide-co-styrene) membrane with pyridinium cation as a fixed carrier was synthesized and the transport characteristics of the membrane was examined over various factors. As the concentration of the fixed carrier in the membrane was increased, the water content was increased. Meanwhile, the counter current of the organic anion and the chloride ion, the following results were obtained. Initial flux of Cl-, organic anion and Na+ decreased with the increasing thickness of membrane, and as the concentration of the fixed carrier increases, the initial flux of Cl- and organic anion increase but the initial flux of Na+ decreased. The flux equation of the organic anion, CCl3COO- was obtained from saturation kinetics as follows;$V_{o}=\frac{(8.67{\times}10^{-5}){\cdot}[NaCl]}{9.63{\times}10^{-2}+[NaCl]} mol/cm^2h$

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 2006

This studies investigated the effect of concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) on occurrence and growth of fruitbody in oyster mushrooms, Pleurotus spp. Our experiments divided into two parts. When the water contents in substrate were added with sodium chloride solution in cotton waste box cultivation as a first experiment, the growth of mushroom was damaged as the concentration was increased, even though there was a little difference according to the strains. The yield in 1.0% NaCl solution was decreased to 72% compared to non-treated plot while that in 3.0% solution was only 2% of the non-treated plot. Morphological characteristics of mushrooms cultivated in substrate with the different concentration of the solution showed different results. For example, the size and thickness of pilei were not influenced by NaCl concentration, but the length of stipes and individual weight were much influenced. In plastic box cultivation filled with cotton waste, watering treatment with the different concentrations of sodium chloride solution, the second experiment, did not show any difference according to the concentration until 1.0% solution but there was a little difference according to the strains. The productivity of fruitbody started to decrease at 2.0% of the solution and the yield and quality of mushroom in 3.0% solution treatment were generally low. After the second flush, days for mushroom sprouting were generally prolonged in proportion to the solution concentration. Taken altogether, the second experiment did not show a clear effect as the case of the first experiment.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.509-513
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• 2002

In this study, instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to assess the concentration level of inorganic trace elements in Korean women blood serum. It was found out that high concentration of Na and Cl incurs analytical interference, but 12 elements of Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, K, Na, Rb, Se, Zn can be determined under the condition of interference minimization. Serum samples collected from 63 women were analyzed and the concentration level and range of the elements were evaluated. NIST SRMs were analyzed simultaneously for analytical quality control. The average values of Na and Cl determined in serum samples are around 3000 mg/L, Ca is 100 mg/L and K is 200 mg/L. Besides, Br, Se and Zn have concentration level of 6.0, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. It was found that there is no significant difference between the present values and reported values.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.86-90
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• 2011

The effects of cations are very important in field-effect transistors (FETs) type DNA sensors detecting the intrinsic negative charge between single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA without labeling, because the intrinsic negative charge of DNA is neutralized by cations in electrolyte solution. We consider the Debye length, which depends on the concentration of cations in solution, to detect DNA hybridization based on the intrinsic negative charge of DNA. The Debye length is longer in buffer solution with a lower concentration of NaCl and the intrinsic negative charge of DNA is more effective on the channel surface in longer Debye length solution. The shifts in the gate voltage by DNA hybridization with complementary target DNA are 21 mV in 1 mM NaCl buffer solution, 7.2 mV in 10 mM NaCl buffer solution, and 5.1 mV in 100 mM NaCl buffer solution. The sensitivity of FETs to detect DNA hybridization based on charge detection without labeling depends on the Debye length.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.534-538
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• 1991

A procedure for spectrophotometric determination of traces of boron in high-purity trichlorosilane (TCS) is proposed utilizing an adsorptive separation. NaCl is chosen as an Lewis base adsorbent which forms a complex with boron compounds in TCS, and is well dissolved in sulfuric acid-quinalizarin color-forming agent without causing an interference in colorimetric measurements. The proposed adsorptive separation method is free from the formation of silica gel and gas bubbles during the analysis of TCS. The method reveals that the boron concentration in a semiconductor grade TCS is 6.1 ${\mu}$g/l within the standard deviation of ${\pm}$20%. On the other hand, the boron concentration of the purified TCS which is separated from NaCl-boron compounds complex is reduced to 0.2 ${\mu}$g/l, showing the efficient applicability of NaCl to the adsorptive separation. The effectiveness of NaCl for the removal of boron in TCS purification is also described in comparison with other well-known adsorbents.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.569-574
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• 1990

The influence of NaCl and pH on degradation of chicken breast muscle myofibrillar proteins by porcine leukocyte lysosomal proteinases was investigated. The degradation reactions were carried out at $38^{\circ}C$ for 24hours under different conditions. The degradation of myofibrillar proteins by leukocyte lysosomal enzymes at various pH values was limited to partial hydrolysis. Reactions at higher pH values resulted in lower molecular weight degradation products while reactions at lower pH resulted in higher molecular weight degradation products. When NaCl was added into the reaction mixture, enzyme activities of degradation were increased at all pH values studied, as evidenced by NPN-analysis and SDS-PAGE. More severe degradation was observed with higher salt concentration. The concentration of 0.5M NaCl in the reaction mixture gave more degradation of myosin heavy chain by enzyme than that of 0.1M NaCl.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.155-160
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• 2004

Permeation experiments of a commercial nanofiltration membrane (nominated as ESNA 1) were carried out with aqueous solutions of various single salts, that is, five chlorides (NH$_4$Cl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl$_2$ and $CaCl_2$), three nitrates $(NaNo_3,\;Mg(No_3)_2\;and\;Ca(NO_3)_2)\;and\;three\;sulfates\;((NH_4)_2SO_4,\;Na_2SO_4\;and\;MgSO_4)$. The experimental results showed that (1) the permeate volume flux of the ESNA 1 membrane increased and decreased with the growth of the applied pressure and the feed concentration of salts, respectively. The real rejection of ESNA 1 membrane to most single salts increased with the growth of the permeate volume flux. (2) The reflection coefficients of ESNA 1 membrane to chlorides, nitrates and sulfates are 0.97, 0.96 and 0.99, respectively. The solute permeability of most salts except for magnesium and calcium salts increased with the growth of feed concentration. (3) The sequence of the rejections of ESNA 1 membrane to anions is $R({SO_4}^{2-})>R(CI)>R(NO_3)$ at the same feed concentration. While the sequence of the rejections to cations is cataloged into two cases: $R(Na^+)>R(K^+)>R(Mg^{2+})>R(Ca^{2+})$ at the concentration of 10 mol/$m^3$ and $R(Mg^{2+})>R(Ca^{2+})>R(Na^+)>R(K^+)$ at the concentration of 100 mol/$m^3$. The separation capability of a NF membrane is usually affected by the electrostatic effect and the steric-hindrance effect. In this case, the electrostatic effect is the major factor at low concentration and the steric-hindrance effect is the major factor at high concentration. Both the specific sorption and the hydration also reasonably influenced the separation performance of NF membrane to salts.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-30
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• 1988

The object of this experiments was to know the salt tolerance of Fults and other lawn grasses. Fults, Olympic (Tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schred), Ceeping red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass and Zoysia grass (Z. japonica S.) were grown in hydroponics with vermiculite at various concentrations of NaCl. Hoagland's solution was used as the basic solution (control), and the concentrations of Cl to it were 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and l5OOOppm, respectively. Each was cultivated under the circumstances during 2 months. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1.The growth of Fults, Olympic, Creeping red fescue and others were better at Cl lOOOppm than control. In the 5OOOppm application, Fescues become worse and 23.9% of them were withered. In concentration of Cl above 9OOOppm, it was impossible to live. 2.In the l0000~l1000ppm application, Olympic and Kentucky bluegrass were become worse and most of them died. 3.Fults were almost possible to live in the below of 9OOOppm, but they began to die in the above of 10000 ppm. 4.With the increasing concentration of Cl, plants were dwarfed and the number of stems, leaves and roots were reduced, but it was especially observed that the number of stolons of Creeping red fescue were increased at 1000~4000ppm. 5.Fults grass was the most salt tolerant turfgrass, but was impossible to live at salt level of about 36 millimhos (Exchange NaCI conductivity-ppm). Among the grasses, according to salt tolerance, they were arranged as follows. Fults > Zoysia japonica S. > Ky belugrass > Olympic grass > Creeping red fescue 6.The number of leaves, stems, tillers, and dry weight of Olympic grass, Fults and others were increased more at Cl 1OOOppm application than control, but in the above 4OOOppm application, those of plants were decreased. 7.The productivity of all grasses under the experiments was increased at 3.l75millimhos (Exchange NaCi conductivity ppm) in the concentration of Cl. The each dry-weight of Olympic, Creeping red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass and Zoysia grass was decreased at 8.85millimhos, and the weight of Fults grass was also decreased remarkably at 12.20millimhos. 8.As the result of this experiments, most plants grow normally at low concentration of NaCI-l000ppm. That seems to stimulate more the grasses to grow than non-salt.