• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 1997

먹는샘물 개발지역에서의 환경 영향 평가를 위한 수리지구화학의 기초 자료를 국내 먹는샘물 개발지역에 존재하는 암석, 토양 및 자연수 시료를 예로 하여 제시하였다. 암석에 대해서는 현미경 분석을 실시하였고, 토양 및 자연수 시료에 대해서는 화학 분석을 실시하였다. 토양은 분해 방법별로 중금속 원소들의 함량 비교를 하였으며 오염지수를 통해 오염 영향을 평가하였다. 또한 자연수 시료들을 대상으로 기반암 및 심도에 따른 수리지구화학적 특성과 자연수의 화학적 진화, 물-암석 반응에 대하여 고찰하였다. 대수층을 구성하는 암석을 화강암질암과 변성퇴적암류, 그리고 퇴적암류로 구분하였으며 이들 기반암에서 비롯된 중금속의 토양과 자연수의 오염 현상은 없는 것으로 판단되었다. 연구 지역의 토양은 HNO$_3$+HClO$_4$의 혼합산을 이용한 방법과 0.1 N HCl을 사용한 방법 모두에서 낮은 중금속 함량을 보여 자연적인 부화 현상이나 인위적 오염을 받지 않은 토양임을 알 수 있었다. 특히 0.1 N HCl을 사용하여 중금속 중 가용성 부분을 추출해 낸 결과 Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd 및 Cr 등 중금속 원소의 함량은 상당히 낮은 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 따라서 식물과 수계를 통한 오염의 영향은 매우 낮다고 할 수 있다. 오염지수를 통해 여러 원들의 복합적인 오염 양상을 고려하여 오염도를 산출한 결과 역시 연구 지역 토양은 오염지수가 0.03~0.47로 중금속에 의한 오염이 진행되지 않고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 심부지하수 시료를 대상으로 암종별 특징을 살펴보았을 때 화강암질암의 지하수 시료는 $Ca^{2＋}$-HCO$_3$$^{-}$의 유형을 거쳐 $Na^{＋}$-HCO$_3$$^{-}$ 유형까지 진화하였으나 변성퇴적암과 퇴적암내의 지하수 시료는 $Ca^{2＋}$-HCO$_3$$^{-}$의 유형에 머물러 있다. 이는 구성 광물 중 사장석의 용해가 화강암질암내 지하수의 특성을 조절하고 있는 반면 변성퇴적암과 퇴적암내 지하수 시료에서는 방해석의 용해만이 주된 반응으로 작용하고 있기 때문이다. 또한 심도별 특징을 살펴보았을 때 지표수에서 심부지하수로 이동하면서 수소이온농도, 전기전도도 및 대부분의 용존이온 함량은 증가하고 있다. 한편 일부 천부지하수시료에서는 NO$_3$$^{-}$ , Cl$^{-}$ 및 $K^{＋}$의 함량 및 K/Na의 비가 높게 나타나는 것으로 보아 농업활동으로 인한 오염의 영향을 받은 것으로 판단된다. 열역학적 고찰을 통해 볼 때 대부분의 자연수는 kaolinite 및 smectite 형성환경에 위치하고 있음을 알 수 있으며 질량보존을 기초로 한 반응모델을 설정한 결과, 용존이온의 거동 및 열역학적 연구 결과와 부합하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권8호
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• pp.1248-1256
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• 2014

자죽염(purple bamboo salt; PBS)을 제조하는 공정에 영향을 미치는 원염(갯벌천일염, MSS; 죽염, BS)의 종류, 대나무 첨가에 따른 BS의 이화학적 특성, 황 화합물, 미네랄 함량 및 환원력을 비교 분석하고, 이를 통해 PBS에 함유된 $SO_2$와 산화환원전위(ORP)의 발생 원인을 분석하였다. BS를 고온에서 용융시켜 제조한 PBS에서 630 ppm의 $SO_2$가 검출되었다. PBS의 원료 염과 RB에서는 $SO_2$가 검출되지 않았으나, 염화물, 황산염류, 탄산염류와 대나무(RB)를 함께 탄화시켜 $SO_2$ 검출 원인을 확인한 결과 황산칼륨에 의해 782 ppm이 발생하였다. BS의 $SO_2$는 BSRB1(13.88)~BSRB4(109.13 ppm)에서만 발생하였고 $SO{_3}{^{2-}}$는 MSSRB4와 BSRB2~BSRB4에서만 발생하였으며, 시간이 경과함에 따라 증가되는 경향을 나타내었다. $SO_4{^{2-}}$는 시간이 지남에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며 $SO_2$와 $SO_3{^{2-}}$가 많을수록 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. ORP는 모두 시간이 지남에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고 BS에서 더 높은 수준을 나타내었으며, BSRB4(-211.40 mV)에서 가장 높은 환원력을 나타내었다. 일반적 특성 중 불용분은 BS에서 더 높았으며 RB가 탄화되어 남은 물질들이 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. Ca, K, Mg의 경우 굽는 시간 경과에 따라 MSS는 감소, BS는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. BSRB4의 Ca는 1.4배, Mg는 1.5배 증가하였고 K 함량은 1.8배 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 미량 미네랄은 굽는 시간 경과에 따라 MSS에서 Li, Al, Mn, Fe, Sr이 증가되었고, BS에서 Al, Fe, Ni가 증가하였다. 음이온(Cl, $NO_3$, Br)과 중금속(Pb, Cd, Hg, As)은 각 요인에 대한 영향을 받지 않았다. 결론적으로 BS의 기능성을 나타내는 환원력은 $SO_2$ 및 $SO_3{^{2-}}$와 같은 저분자 황화합물에 의한 것이며, 이는 한 번 굽는 과정을 거친 BS를 사용하고 이에 RB를 첨가하여 고온에서 용융하는 시간이 길수록 이들 황화물질이 많아져 환원력이 증가된다는 것을 의미하는 것이다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.361-370
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• 2013

A lysine histidine transporter (LHT) cDNA was isolated and characterized from the roots of Panax ginseng, designated PgLHT. The cDNA is 1,865 bp with an open reading frame that codes for a protein with 449 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 50.6 kDa with a predicted isoelectric point of 8.87. Hydropathy analysis shows that PgLHT is an integral membrane protein with 9 putative membrane-spanning domains. Multiple sequence alignments show that PgLHT shares a high homology with other plant LHTs. The expression profile of the gene was investigated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction during various chemical treatments. PgLHT was up-regulated in the presence of abscisic acid, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, NaCl, and amino acids. To further explore the function of PgLHT gene, full-length cDNA of PgLHT was introduced into P. ginseng by Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4. The overexpression of PgLHT in the hairy roots led to an obviously increase of biomass compared to the controls, and after addition of the amino acids, the overexpressed-PgLHT hairy roots grew more rapidly than untreated controls during early stage of the culture cycle. The results suggested that the PgLHT isolated from ginseng might have role in the environmental stresses and growth response.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.795-805
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• 2005

Objective : Normocytic Normochromic Anemia is one of the most common cases in clinics of all types of morphological Anemia. This study is aimed at examining significant curative effects of Sayuktanggami-bang on Cerebral vascular accident(CVA) patients with Normocytic Normochromic Anemia. Methods : For this study to examine the effects of Sayuktanggami(四六湯加味方), Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A(experimental group) consisted of 19 cases prescribed Sayuktanggami-bang, Group B (control group) consisted of 15 cases prescribed other herbs. Before presciption, They were tested for CBC, AST, ALT, Total protein, Cholesterol, TG, HDL, BUN, Creatinine, Uric acid, Na, K, Cl while fasting, then were given the herbs over two weeks. They were checked again for changes over those two weeks. Results : In cases of group A, the statistical significance of CBC changes before and after treatment were recognizable : RBC(p<0.01), Hb(p<0.01), Hct(p<0.01). In comparing CBC changes between group A and group B which developed cerebral infarction group, a type of CVA, the significance of curative effects in group A is recognizable over group B before and after treatment : RBC(p<0.01), Hb(p<0.01), Hct(p<0.05). Cytotoxic reaction was nonexistant. Conclusion : Results of this study suggest that Sayuktanggami-bang has curative effects for CVA patients with normocytic normochromic anemia.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.128-135
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• 1999

Among oil-degrading microorganisms isolated from oil-polluted industrial areas, one yeast strain showed high degradation activity of aliphatic hydrocarbons. From the analyses of 18S rRNA sequences, fatty acid, coenzyme Q system, G+C content of DNA, and biochemical characteristics, the strain was identified as Yarrowia lipolytica 180. Y. lipolytica 180 degraded 94% of aliphatic hydrocarbons in minimal salts medium containing 0.2% (v/v) of Arabian light crude oil within 3 days at 25$^{\circ}C$. Optimal growth conditions for temperature, pH, NaCl concentration, and crude oil concentration were 30$^{\circ}C$, pH 5-7, 1%, and 2% (v/v), respectively. Y. lipolytica 180 reduced surface tension when cultured on hydrocarbon substrates (1%, v/v), and the measured values of the surface tension were in the range of 51 to 57 dynes/cm. Both the cell free culture broth and cell debris of Y. lipolytica 180 were capable of emulsifying 2% (v/v) crude oil by itself. They were also capable of degrading crude oil (2%). The strain showed a cell surface hydrophobicity higher than 90%, which did not require hydrocarbon substrates for its induction. These results suggest that Y. lipolytica has high oil-degrading activity through its high emulsifying activity and cell hydrophobicity, and further indicate that the cell surface is responsible for the metabolism of aliphatic hydrocarbons.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.139-150
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• 1996

The Yucheon Bi deposits at Cheongha, Gyeongsangbugdo, is of a middle Paleogene (49 Ma) vein type, and is hosted in sandstone and shale of Banyawal formation in Cretaceous age. Based on mineral paragenesis, vein structure and mineral assemblages, two minera1ization stages were distinguished. The stage I consists of quartz with small amount of chlorite, pyrite, epidote, hal1oysite, vermiculite, serpentine and rutile associated with sericitization. The stage II is characterized by Bi minera1ization such as bismuthinite, Bi-Cu-Pb-S mineral, tetradymite, native gold, pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, wolframite, rutile, hematite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena with alteration of sericite, chlorite, K-feldspar, albite and epidote. Fluid inclusion data indicate that fluid temperature and NaCl equivalent wt.% salinity range from 431 to $150^{\circ}C$ and from 19.2 to 0.18wt.% in the stage II. Evidence of boiling during the base-metal minera1ization indicates pressures 241 to 260 bars. Sulfur fugacity($-log\;f_{S2}$) deduced by mineral assemblages and compositions ranges from 5.1 to 5.7atm in early stage, from > 8.4 atm in middle stage and from 13.5 to 19.3 atm in late stage. It suggests that complex histories of progressive coo1ing, dilution and boiling were occurred by the mixing of the fluids. The ${\delta}^{34}S$, ${\delta}^{18}O$ and ${\delta}D$ data range from 2.5 to 3.9%, -0.5 to -4.1% and -29.7 to -47%, respectively. It indicated that hydrothermal fluids may be magmatic origin with boiling and mixing of meteoric water increasing paragenetic time.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1969-1974
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• 2019

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, light brown pigment bacterium, designated strain CE80^T was isolated from marine sponge Callyspongia elegans in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Strain CE80^T grew optimally at 25℃, in the range of pH 5.0-11.0 (optimum 7.0-8.0), and with 1.0-5.0% NaCl (optimum 1-3% (w/v)). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain CE80^T belonged to the genus Labrenzia and was closely related to L. suaedae YC6927^T (98.3%), L. alexandrii DFL-11^T (96.6%), L. aggregata IAM 12614^T (96.6%) L. marina mano18^T (96.5%) and L. alba CECT 5094^T (96.2%). The major fatty acids of strain CE80^T were C_18:1 ω7c, and summed feature. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamin, one unidentified aminolipid, one phospholipid and four unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain CE80^T was 55.9 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CE80^T and L. suaedae YC6927^T was 56.1±2.8%. On the basis of physiological and biochemical characterization and phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain CE80^T represents a novel species of the Labrenzia, for which the name Labrenzia callyspongiae sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is CE80^T (=KCTC 42849^T =JCM 31309^T).

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.26-40
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• 1992

제주도 동부지역 대수층의 지하수에 대해 환경동위원소(산소-18, 중수소 및 삼중수소)의 조성 및 화학적특성을 구명하였다. 이 지역의 지하수에 대한 동위원소의 조성을 제주서부지역의 순수한 지하수와 연안의 해수와 비교한 결과 지하수에의 해수침투현상이 밝혀졌으며 음${\cdot}$양이온함량, 염소${\cdot}$중탄산염비 및 전기전도도 등도 이 결과를 뒷받침했다. 제주도 북동부지역의 지하수는 염분함량이 식수의 한계농도인 150ppm 이상으로 오염되었고 이러한 해수에 오염된 지하수의 경계는, 해안으로부터 3km 이상의 내륙에 위치한 대수층까지 침투되었다. 또한 남동부에서의 이 경계는 대략 700m 정도까지 침투된 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2001

A total of 328 ambient PM-10 samples was collected by a PM-10 high volume air sampler during the periods of February 1997 to February 1999 from Kyung Hee University at Suwon Campus. The samples were analyzed for their bulk chemical compositions(Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Al, $Na^{+}$, $NH_{4}^{+}$, $K^{+}$, $Ca^{2+]$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Cl^{-}$, $NO_{3}^{-}$, and $SO_{4}^{2-}$ by both an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and an ion chromatograph. The purpose of this study was t develop a receptor methodology for quantitative assessment of PM-10 sources. The data obtained from this study were ex-tensively examined using the target transformation factor analysis(TTFA) and the chemical mass balance (CMB). When TTFA was initially applied seasonal basis. five sources(such as automobile-related, sulfate-related, incine-ration, soil and combustion-related) were identified both during winter and fall. Since the total number and the type of sources were resolved by TTFA for the four seasons, CMB was employed to cross-check the results of TTEA. The total of six source categories identified by TTEA was intensively investigated on the basis of source profiles acquired from various source libraries established both in Korea and abroad. The results of this study showed the applicability of two popular receptor models as a new methdology for quantitative assessment PM-10 sources in Korea. Seasonally segmented data sets with the combined application of TTFA and CMB yielded a physically reasonable source apportionment result and provided a mean to increase the number of potential sources. Furthermore, this study suggested the possibility of the CMB application to ambi-ent data from Korea after identifying potential sources through traditional factor analysis.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.210-219
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• 2003

To develop natural flavoring substances, optimal two stage enzyme hydrolysis conditions and flavor compounds of short-neck clam (Tapes philippinarum) enzyme hydrolysates were examined. The optimal enzyme hydrolysis conditions for two stage enzyme hydrolysate (TSEH) of short-neck clam were revealed in temperature at $55^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours digestion with alcalase at the 1st stage and 4 hours digestion at $45^{\circ}C$ with exopeptidase type neutrase at the 2nd stage. In quality tests of hot-water extracts, steam extracts and 4 kinds of enzyme hydrolysates, TSEH processing method was superior to other methods in yield, nitrogen contents, organoleptic taste such as umami intensity and inhibition of off-flavor formation, and transparency of extract. Total free amino acid contents in hot-water extract, steam extract and TSEH were 1,352.1 mg/100 g, 1,174.1 mg/100 g and 2,122.4 mg/100 g, respectively, Major free amino acids in TSEH were glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and arginine. As for nucleotides and other bases, betaine, TMAO and creatinine were principal components in TSEH. The major inorganic ions in TSEH were Na, K, P and Cl. TSEH also revealed very higher angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibition effect $(70.7\%)$ than those of hot-water and steam extract. We conclude that TSEH from short-neck clam was more flavorable compared with the seasoning materials on the market, it could be utilized as the instant soup base and the seasoning substances for fisheries processing.