• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2017

The volcanic ash soils from the Jeju province have low available phosphate because of the high phosphate fixing power of the soils. Phosphorus fertilizerwas dressed after cultivating green manure crops and before cultivating potatoes in order to investigate potato yields, the available phosphate contents, and phosphorus balance in the soils. Green manure crops cultivated in this study were hairy vetch alone and hairy vetch and rye. During potato cultivation, four treatments were conducted in the experiments; NF (non fertilizer), P fertilizer ($N-P-K=0-25-0kg\;10a^{-1}$), NK fertilizer ($N-P-K=18-0-19kg\;10a^{-1}$), and NPK fertilizer ($N-P-K=18-25-19kg\;10a^{-1}$). There were no differences in the yields of potato stem and tuber from the cultivation plots of different green manure crops. However, in the plots with single-sown hairy vetch and mixed-sown hairy vetch and rye, the yields of potato stem and tuber were higher in the P fertilizer plot than in NF plot. The yield of tuber among the treatments with mixed-sown hairy vetch and rye was the highest in the NPK fertilizer plot. The available phosphate content in soils initially increased with time in all plots, but began to decrease gradually after Oct. 18. The available phosphate contents were high in the plots for phosphate fertilization, and the difference in available phosphate content between non-phosphorus fertilizer plots and phosphorus fertilizer plots increased with time. In the single-sown hairy vetch and mixed-sown hairy vetch and rye plot, the phosphorus balances in NF plot and NK fertilizer plot were very low, while those in the P fertilizer plot and NPK fertilizer plot were high. In conclusion, available phosphate contents in soil and the potato yields were increased by phosphorus fertilization when potatoes planted after cultivating hairy vetch and rye together, compared to hairy vetch alone.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2019

Ammonia is main precursor gas of secondary particulate matter and contributes almost 78% of total ammonia emission from the agricultural sector in Korea. The current method of estimating ammonia emission from fertilizer application, which contributes 7% of the total emission, has high uncertainty and needs to be improved to better predict PM2.5 concentration. In this study, we suggest an improvement method for ammonia emission quantification from fertilizer application. The first improvement was in the emission factor of NPK fertilizer by conducting a field study to verify the currently used factor. The improved NPK emission factor of 52.2 kg NH ton-1N was confirmed by comparing with the value from the EEA (European Environment Agency) and adjusting the value for the Korean climate and soil conditions. We also improved the amount of fertilizer usage by including the sales amount to the fertilizer supply amount of the Korean Farmers Association, increasing total fertilizer usage by 39.8%. As the statistical data on fertilizer supply and sales are compiled yearly, we estimated monthly emission of ammonia by considering cultivated areas and timing of fertilization for each crop. In summary, we suggest a novel and practical method to improve estimation methodology of ammonia emission from the field of fertilizer application: 1) emission factor of NPK fertilizer was reconfirmed; 2) total amount of fertilizer use was revised considering fertilizer sales; and 3) monthly emission of ammonia was realized by considering different crop practices. A bottom-up approach to compile activity data is needed to increase the estimation accuracy of monthly emission of ammonia, which is very helpful for predicting PM2.5 concentration.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.182-191
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• 1999

가축분퇴비와 화학비료 혼용시 시비량 결정의 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 토양검정에 의한 NPK구를 대조구로 하였고, 돈분톱밥퇴비중 인산함량을 감안하여 시용한 돈분톱밥퇴비+NK 2수준 돈분톰밥퇴비와 토양검정에 의한 화학비료 시비량을 시용한 돈분톱밥퇴비10톤 및 20톤+NPK와 무비구를 포함한 6처리로 하여 사양토에서 포장시험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 벼 생육시기별 경수는 NPK구가 분얼기와 유수형성기에서 많았으나, 출수기에는 돈분10톤 및 20톤+NPK구에서 많았으며, 돈분2.1톤 및 4.2톤+NK구에서는 전 생육기간 동안 적은 경향이었으며, 식물체의질소, 인산 및 칼리흡수량은 돈분20톤+NPK구에서 많았고, 질소이용율은 NPK구, 인산 및 칼리이용율은 각각 돈분2.1톤+NK구, 돈분4.2톤+NK구에서 높았고, 정조수량은 돈분20톤+NPK>돈분10톤+NPK>돈분4.2톤+NK>NPK>돈분2.1톤+NK구 순이었으나, 돈분4.2톤+NK구와 돈분10톤 및 20톤+NPK구의 수량은 유의차가 없었다. 생육시기별 토양중 암모니아태질소, 유효인산 및 치환성칼륨 함량은 각 처리 모두 분얼초기에 가장 높았고, 유수형성기에서 수확기까지는 낮은 상태로 유지되었으며, 분얼초기 토양의 각 성분합량은 돈분20톤 +NPK구에서 가장 많았으며, 토심별 유효인산함량의 분포는 돈분톰밥퇴비 시용량이 증가할수록0~20cm에서 많았으나 치환성양이온함량은 40~60cm에서 돈분10톤 및20톤+NPK구가 맡았다. 질소, 인산, 칼리의 손실량은 NPK구, 돈분2.1톤 및 돈분4.2톤+NK구에서 적었으나, 돈분10톤 및 20톤+NPK구에서 매우 많았으며, 투입량이 탈취량보다 적은 처리는 인산의 경우 돈분2.1톤+NK, 칼리는 NPK, 돈분4.2톤+NK구이었다. 돈분10톤 및 20톤+NPK처리시 투입량 과다로 인한 양분의 손실량이 매우 많았으며, 돈분20톤+NPK처리시 정조수량은 다소 높았지만도복과 도열병이 발생하였고. 돈분4.2톤+NK폭리시양분의 손실량이 적으면서 수량은 대조구와 비슷한 결과를 볼 때, 돈분톱밥퇴비를 $4.2Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용하고 퇴비중 양분함량을 고려하여 화학비료로서 조절시용 할 경우 수량 환경 경제성면에서 적절할 것으로 판단된다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2022

본 연구는 벼 재배 장기연용 시험포장에서 다른 특성의 토양개량제 사용이 벼(Oryza sativa) 생산량, 토양 가용성 탄소, 질소함량 및 탄소 저장량 변화에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 본 시험에 사용된 처리구는 NPK 처리구, NPKS 처리구(NPK+규산), NPKL 처리구(NPK+생석회), NPKC 처리구(NPK+볏짚퇴비)를 장기연용 포장에서 선별하여 실험을 진행하였다. 1995년 처리구 간의 유의한 벼 수량 차이 없었으나, 2019년 NPKL, NPKC 처리구 벼 수량은 NPK 처리구보다 각각 4.3%와 14.3%씩 증수되었다. 2019년 NPKS와 NPKL 처리구의 토양 pH는 각각 6.7과 6.4였고, 시험 전 토양 pH (5.2)보다 증가하였다. 시험 전과 비교할 때, NPK, NPKS 및 NPKL 처리구의 토양 유기물 함량은 통계적으로 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 NPKC는 1995년과 2019년에 각각 34 g/kg, 27 g/kg으로 증가하였다. 토양의 가용성 탄소 및 질소 함량은 2019년의 NPKS 및 NPKL 처리구에서 1.1에서 1.9배 가량 증가하였다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 벼 재배시 토양개량제 사용은 재배전 토양검정을 통해 토양의 특성을 파악하여 사용하는 것이 생산량 증대와 더불어 농업환경을 고려한 토양관리방법이라고 판단된다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2011

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of control-release fertilizer (CRF) on pollutant loadings from a small watershed. The Baran watershed, 386 ha in size, was selected as the study site, and the AGNPS (Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution) model was used to evaluate the effects of fertilizer types. Digital maps of digital elevation (DEM), slope distribution, channel, flow direction, landuse, soil, and curve number were extracted from the study watershed. Model parameters related to hydrology and water quality were calibrated and validated by comparing model predictions with the observed data collected for 2 years (1999 to 2000). Calibration and validation resulted in $R^2$ values of 0.75-0.91 for all the water quality parameters. All the paddy fields (21.2 %) of the study watershed were sprayed by either CRF or NPK (standard fertilizer). In CRF application, total nitrogen (TN) load was 4.9% less than NPK application, however total phosphorus (TP) load was 0.7 % more than NPK application. In CRF application, considering only paddy fields in the study area, TN load was 38.7 % less than NPK application. Using CRF in paddy fields could be one of the ways to reduce pollutant loadings from agricultural watersheds, however, in order to confirm it, more researches about effects of using CRF are necessary.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.565-574
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• 2011

The development of satisfactory alternatives for supplying the nutrients needed by crops could decrease the problems associated with conventional NPK chemical fertilizers. In this study, the effects of bacterial and fungal effective microorganisms (EM) on the growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) were evaluated. This investigation was carried out parrallel with conventional NPK chemical fertilizer and a commercial sold microbial fertilizer to compare between each of their effect. Sterile water and molasses were served as controls. Azotobacter chroococcum effect also was studied either alone or in combination with the effective microorganisms on the growth parameters. In contrast to the bacterial EM, the fungal EM alone without A. chroococcum had a more stimulating effect than fungal EM combined with A. chroococcum. Results showed that seedling inoculation significantly enhanced B. rapa growth. Shoot dry and fresh weight, and leaf length and width significantly were increased by both bacterial and fungal inoculation. The results indicated that the NPK chemical fertilizer deteriorates the microflora inhabiting the soil, while the effective microorganisms either fungal or bacterial ones increased the microbial density significantly. This study implies that both of fungal and bacterial EM are effective for the improvement of the Chinese cabbage growth and enhance the microorganisms in soil. The results showed antagonism occurred between A. chroococcum and each of Penicillium sp and Trichoderma sp in both agar and plant assays. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnett test.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Phosphorus(P) is a vital factor for rice but excess input of phosphorus fertilizer can cause environmental risk and waste of fertilizer resources. We studied to assess the change of available phosphate, P balance, critical concentration of available phosphate under a rice single system. METHODS AND RESULTS: The changes of available phosphate of paddy soil were examined from long-term fertilization experiment which was started in 1954 at the National Academy of Agricultural Science. The treatments were no phosphate fertilization(No fert., and N), phosphate fertilization(NPK, NPKC, and NPKCLS). The available phosphorus concentrations in treatments without phosphate fertilizer (No fert. and N) were decreased continuously. But, after 47 years, available phosphate content in phosphate fertilizer treatment (NPK, NPKC, and NPKCLS) reached at the highest ($245{\sim}331mg\;kg^{-1}$), showing a tendency to decrease afterward. The mean annual P field balance in these treatments (NPK, NPKC, and NPKCLS) had positive values that varied from 16.6 to $17.5kg\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$, and ratio of residual P were increased. These showed that phosphate fertilizer in soil were converted into the form of residual phosphorus which was not easily extracted by available phosphate extractant. Also, It was estimated that the critical value of available phosphate for rice cultivation was $120mg\;kg^{-1}$ using Cate-Nelson equation. CONCLUSION: We concluded that no more phosphate fertilizer should be applied in rice single system if soil available phosphate is higher than the critical P value.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 1987

The experiment was carried out to determine the optimum application rate of liquid waste from methane fermentation (LW) and its effect on botanical composition, dry matter yields and nutrient quality of pasture mixtures. Experimental fields was designed as a randomized block treated with NPK chemical fertilizer (NPK = 28-20-24 kg/lOa), NPK + Water 28 ton, 112 NPK + LW 28 ton, 112 NPK + LW 42 ton, LW 28 ton, LW 42 ton and LW 56 ton/lOa at Livestock Experiment Station in Suweon, 1985. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Vegetation of introduced pastures, both in grasses and legumes, was markedly increased in the plots treated with methane-liquid waste. However, heavy application of liquid waste tended to increase of native weeds such as Polygronum spp., Rumex spp. and Lactuca spp. 2. Crude protein contents was increased in the plants applied with liquid waste, but NFE was decreased compared with those of chemical fertilizer applied. The concentrations of crude fat and crude fibre were, however less affected by the fertilizer resource. Among cell-wall constituents, cellulose content was decreased as the liquid waste application rate increased, while hemicellulose showed a negative association. 3. Productivity of the pasture was increased as the liquid waste application rate increased. The highest dry matter yields was obtained in the plot treated with LW 42 ton/lOa by 71 1 kg/lOa, which shows about 71% increments compared with those of chemical fertilizer treated. Net energy yields, both in starch value and NEL, were also markedly increased under liquid waste application. As a results, the optimum application rate of methane-liquid waste was found to be 42 ton in 10 a.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2016

In an experiment conducted at the research field of the National Institute of Agricultural Science, we investigated the effects of mineral fertilizer and rice straw compost on exchangeable potassium and K balances, and rice grain yield under a rice single system. The treatments were no fertilization (No fert.), inorganic fertilization (N), inorganic fertilizer (N, P, K) plus rice straw compost at rates of 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and $30.0ton\;ha^{-1}$ (NPKC7.5, NPKC15.0, NPKC22.5, and NPKC30.0, respectively). The inorganic fertilizers(N, P, K) were added with standard fertilizer application rate in which nitrogen (N), phosphate ($P_2O_5$), and potassium ($K_2O$) were applied with $75{\sim}150kg\;ha^{-1}$, $70{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, $75{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Exchangeable potassium for NPKC15.0 NPKC22.5, and NPK30.0 treatments was higher by $0.05{\sim}0.19cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ than that of NPKC7.5 treatment. Increasing levels of rice straw compost resulted in an increase in the K balance from - $19.9kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ (No fert.) to $41.9kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ at NPKC22.5 treatment and $62.9kg\;ha^{-1}$ at NPKC30.0 treatment. Continuous application of rice straw compost with NPK fertilizers affected significantly the rice grain yields. The result of the study imply that the application of more than $22.5ton\;ha^{-1}$ of rice straw compost with NPK fertilizers are recommended as the best fertilization practice for enhancement of crop production and K supplying power of soil in the continuous rice cropping system.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2022

본 연구는 봄 감자 재배 시 괴경 형성기와 괴경 비대기에 최적 수분함량을 구명하고 관비 재배 시 적합한 추비 기준을 마련하고자 수행 하였다. 1. 감자의 최적 수분함량을 구명하기 위한 괴경 형성기와 괴경 비대기에 관수처리 결과 관수처리 전후 지상부의 생육을 비교한 상대생장률과 대조구(무관수, 자연강우 의존) 대비 상대 생장률 모두에서 -10 kPa 및 -20 kPa 처리구에서 우수한 경향을 보였다. 2. 관수처리에 따른 지하부 생체중은 -10 kPa과 -20 kPa 처리구에서 다른 처리보다 뛰어났으며, 수확량 및 상서수량은 -10 kPa 처리구가 무관수구에 대비 약 47%가량 증수되었다. 3. 감자의 최적 관비량 설정을 위해 괴경 형성기와 괴경 비대기에 관비를 실시한 결과 관비 처리 전후 지상부의 생육을 비교한 상대생장률은 K 5 및 NPK 0.8배 관비구에서 생육이 가장 우수하였고, 대조구(무관비구, 기비만 시용) 대비 감자 지상부 상대 생장률은 K 5, K 7, NPK 1.2배 관비구에서 가장 우수하였다. 4. 관비 처리에 따른 감자 지하부 생체중 및 수량, 상서수량을 비롯한 다수의 조사항목에서 K 5 처리구가 가장 우수하였고, 수량도 K 5 처리구가 대조구 대비 약 27%가량 증수되었다.