• Title/Summary/Keyword: NPK

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Studies on the Grassland Development in the Foerst III. Effect of fertilizer level on quality , mineral constituents and tree growth of grass-clover mixtures grown under pine trees (임간초지 개발에 관한 연구 III. 임간혼파초지에서 3요소 시비수준이 목초의 품질과 무기성분함량 및 나무생장에 미치는 영향)

  • Seo, S.;Han, Y.C.;Park, M.S.;Lee, J.Y.
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.187-194
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    • 1985
  • This field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of thirteen different fertilizer levels of nitrogen(N), phosphorus($P_2O_5$) and potassium($K_2O$) on the content of crude protein, crude fiber, mineral constituents of product and tree growth forest pasture with 40-50% shading. The experiment was arranged as a randomized block design and performed in the suburban forest of Suweon in 1984. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Crude protein content and total protein yield were higher in the plot of 28 and 42kg $N/_{10a}$, regardless of $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$ level, while those were the lowest in zero fertilizer and N-zero fertilizer plots. 2. The contents of lignin and silica were significantly low in the high N fertilizer level, and the contents of NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose were not affected by different fertilizer levels. However, the content of crude fiber tended to be low with high N, regardless of $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$. 3. The contents of N,K and $SiO_2$ of grasses were influenced by different fertilizer levels. However, those of P,Ca,Ma and Na showed little differences. 4. The recovery percentage of NPK was higher in the plot of standard fertilizer level with 28-20-24 kg/10a, and higher recovery percentage was observed in $K_2O$, followed by N and $P_2O_5$ in that order. 5. The growth of tree was increased as the level of N fertilizer was increased, but no such trend was noted by $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$ levels. 6. Crude protein, crude fiber, some mineral contituents of grasses, and growth of tree were influenced by N level, regardless of $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$. And the optimum fertilizer level of $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ seemed to be 28-20-24 kg/10a for the production of grasses with higher quality and more yield in the forest.

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Studies on N-P-K Fertilizer Levels for Maximum Production of Grasses and Legumes on Hilly Land (산지에 있어서 주요 목초초종의 최대생산을 위한 N-P-K 시비 수준에 관한 실험)

  • 권순조;김문규;김용국;이인덕
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.98-107
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    • 1983
  • This experiment was carried out to determine the optimum fertilizer level of N-P-K for maximum yield of grasses at hill-land pasture. The pasture species tested were orchardgrass, tall fescue, alfalfa and ladino clover. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The difference in yield of treatment 1, 2, and 4, 5 was significant at the 5% level. In other word, alfalfa yields from 6-30-30 kg/10a and 6-40-30 kg/10a (N-P-K) application were significantly increased over the yields from 4-20-20 kg/10a and 4-30-20 kg/10a (N-P-K). In observing the yield from the treatment 5 where 10 kilograms of phosphate was additionally applied over the treatment 4, it was increased in yield but failed to show statistical significance. With these results, the most optimum rates of N-P-K for alfalfa production are 6-30-30 kg/10a. 2. Ladino clover showed the highest yield at treatment 6 with statistic significance at the 1 percent level over the other treatments. Therefore, NPK rates of 6-30-40 kg/10a would be the most optimal rates for maximum production of ladino clover. 3. Orchard grass yield showed significance at the 1 percent level among other treatments except treatment 3 and 4. The highest yield was also shown at treatment 6 where NPK rates applied 40-30-40 kg/10a. 4. Tall fescue yield showed high significance at the 1 percent except treatments between 2 and 3, 5 and 6. The highest yield was observed at treatment 6 where NPK was applied 40-30-40 kilograms per 10a. 5. Nitrogen content of dry matter was 0.91-1.05% in 20 kg of N and 1.05-1.26% in 30-40 kg of N per 10a. The absorption rate of nitrogen applied was 23-31% regardless of the nitrogen level. Potash content of dry matter was increased in accordance with increasing K rates. 6. The gross income was the highest on the N-P-K application of 4-20-30 kg/10a in alfalfa and ladion clover, 40-30-40 kg/10a in orchardgrass and 30-20-20 kg/10a in tall fescus.

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Effects of Rhizobium Inoculation on the changes of Ureide-N and Amide-N Concentration in Stem and Root exudate of Soybean Plant (대두근류균(大豆根瘤菌) 접종(接種)이 뿌리와 줄기 즙액중(汁液中) Amide-N 및 Ureide-N 농도(濃度)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Ko, Jae-Young;Suh, Jang-Sun;Lee, Sang-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.329-336
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    • 1989
  • A series of green house experiment was conducted to find but the effect of fertilizer application and inoculation of rhizobium on the changes of amide-N, ureide-N and $NH_4-N$ concentration in stem and root exudates of soybean plant growth. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. Five strains of indigenous Rhizobium japonicum-nitrogen fixing activity($C_2H_2$-reducing activity) was more than 6.4 to 20.1 nmole/hr/tube-were identified from 37 soil samples in 22 areas of farmers field throughout country. 2. These identified 5 strains of rhizobium were obtained high nitrate reductase but low ammonium and nitrite oxidase activities. Among 5 strains of rhizobium the Rhizobium japonicum RjK-134 was applied for this green house experiment. 3. Dry matter yield was increased by the combination of inoculation of Rhizobium japonicum RjK-134 with no fertilizer and without nitrogen fertilizer application. However, dry matter yield was decreased with application of N and NPK with inoculation of rhizobium. 4. The concentrations of amide-N and ureide-N were increased in xylem sap than that of root exudate and higher concentration was obtained ar 30 days after planting than flowering stage (45 days after planting). 5. The combination of NPK application with inoculation of Rhrizobium japonicum RjK-134 enhanced the increase of amide-N and ureide-N concentration in xylem sap and root exudate. 6. High ammonium-N concentration in xylem sap and root exudate were obtained in combination with without-fertilizer under no inoculation of rhizobium and N and NPK application with inoculation of rhizobium.

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Revised Rates of NPK Fertilizers Based on Soil Testing for Vegetable Crops (토양검정(土壤檢定)에 의한 채소류(菜蔬類)의 삼요소(三要素) 시비량(施肥量) 조정(調整))

  • Lee, Choon-Soo;Huh, Beom-Lyang;Song, Yo-Sung;Kwak, Han-Kang
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.85-91
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    • 1994
  • An attempt to adjust the standard levels of NPK fertilizers application was made with the analytical data of soil and the results of field experiments on 18 vegetable crops 1. There was a remarkable accumulation of available $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable K of soil in the periods of 1980~1990 comparing with 1960~1970. 2. New fertilizer recommendations based on the accumulation of soil components enabled to decrease fertilizer requirements of major vegetable crops. It was founded that if such new recommendations were adopted by the farmer, 0~6.0kg N/10a, 0.7~12.3kg $P_2O_5/10a$ and 2.0~9.0kg $K_2O/10a$ could be saved without affecting the yield of crops 3. The formulas of fertilizer application for crops were corrected in order to determine optimal rate of each farmer field according to chemical properties of soil.

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Studies on the Agricultural Pollutions in Gyeong Gi Area 1. Effect of Nitrogen Level and Soil Improvements on Growth and Yield of Rice in the Paddy Field Irrigated with Polluted Water of Hwangguji River (경기지방(京畿地方)의 농업공해(農業公害)에 관(關)한 조사연구(調査硏究) 제1보(第1報) 황구지천유역(黃口池川流域)의 오수류입답(汚水流入畓)에서 질소수준(窒素水準)과 토양개량제(土壤改良劑)가 수도(水稻)의 생육(生育) 및 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Y.J.;Cho, G.D.;Park, C.G.;Park, J.K.
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.116-122
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    • 1982
  • Investigation on the water quality of Hwangguji River and experiment on the effects of nitrogen and soil improvements were carried out in the paddy field irrigated with polluted water of the river. The obtained results are as follows: 1) Amount of COD and $NH_4-N$ in water of the river were 54 ppm, 65 ppm, during the seeding time, and were 52 ppm, 512 ppm during the transplanting time respectively. Their concentrations were over the standard levels. It seemed that the water pollution was mainly caused by organic waste matters. 2) It seemed that the effective nitrogen level was $7{\sim}8$kg/10a in the paddy field irrigated with polluted water of the river. 3) The rice yields of potassium twice quantity application plot with N.P.K. fertilizer, the calcium application plot with N.P.K. fertilizer and the combined plot with potassium, wallarstonite, calcium and fresh straw, were increased 4, 5 and 8%, respectively, than that of the N.P.K. fertilizer standard level plot.

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Efficiency of Various Nutritional Sources to Improve Physical Properties of Saline-Sodic Soil

  • Noor-Us-Sabah, Noor-Us-Sabah;Sarwar, Ghulam;Ibrahim, Muhammad;Tahir, Mukkram Ali;Iftikhar, Yasir;Haider, Muhammad Sajjad;Han, Kyung-Hwa;Ha, Sang-Keun;Zhang, Yong-Seon
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.93-97
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of various inorganic and organic materials to improve physical properties of soil. Saline sodic soil (saturation percentage = 40.36%, $EC_e=5.15dS\;m^{-1}$, $pH_s=8.70$, $SAR=18.84(m\;mol\;L^{-1})^{1/2}$, bulk density =$1.49Mg\;m^{-3}$) was collected, brought to wire house and filled in pots after laboratory analysis for various parameters. Different sources of organic nutrients like farm manure (FM), press mud, compost, poultry manure and sesbania green manure were analyzed for their chemical composition. The experiment comprised of 12 treatments replicated thrice; $T_1$: control (recommended NPK), $T_2:{\frac{1}{2}}$ recommended NPK, $T_3$: FM at 1.5% by soil weight, $T_4$: pressmud at 1.5% by soil weight, $T_5$: compost at 1.5% by soil weight, $T_6$: poultry manure at 1.5% by soil weight, $T_7$: sesbania green manure at 1.5% by soil weight, $T_8:T_2$ + FM at 0.75% by soil weight, $T_9:T_2$ + pressmud at 0.75% by soil weight, $T_{10}:T_2$ + compost at 0.75% by soil weight, $T_{11}:T_2$ + poultry manure at 0.75% by soil weight, $T_{12}:T_2$ + sesbania green manure at 0.75% by soil weight. These treatments were applied using completely randomized (CR) design and appropriate time was given to decompose these organic nutritional sources. Seeds of wheat cultivar Sahar-2006 were sown. After harvesting the wheat, soil samples were collected from each pot and analyzed for various physical properties like bulk density, porosity and saturation percentage. An improvement in physical properties (bulk density, porosity and saturation percentage) of soil was noticed with the application of various organic nutritional sources but role of compost alone ($T_5$) remained prominent.

Effects of Nutrient Source on Soil Physical, Chemical, and Microbial Properties in an Organic Pear Orchard (유기질 비료 급원이 배 과원의 토양 물리화학성 및 미생물성에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Hyun-Sug;Li, Xiong;Kim, Wol-Soo;Lee, Youn
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.16-23
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    • 2011
  • BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different organic treatments and a chemical fertilizer on the soil chemical, physical, and microbial properties in an organic pear orchard. METHODS AND RESULTS: Control was referred as a NPK chemical fertilizer (15N-9P-10K) and organic treatments included compost containing with oil cake, compost containing with humic acid, and compost containing with chitin substance. All treatments applied at rates equivalent to 200 g N per tree per year under the tree canopy in March 30 of 2008 and 2009. Soil bulk density, solid phase, liquid phase, and penetration resistance were not significantly different among the treatments. Organic treatment plots had greater organic matter, total nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium concentrations compared to control, and the nutrient concentrations were not consistently affected by the organic treatments. Microbial biomass nitrogen and carbon, dehydrogenase, acid-phosphatase, and chitinase activities overall increased from March to August. Organic treatments, especially compost containing with oil cake or chitin aicd, increased the microbial variables compared to control. CONCLUSION(s): All the organic treatments consistently stimulated soil biological activity. The consistent treatment effect, however, did not occur on the soil mineral nutrition as the trees actively taken up the nutrients during a growing season, which would have diminished treatment effects. Long-term study required for evaluating soil physical properties in a pear orchard.

Soil Characteristics and Leaf and Bud Developments with Different Organic Fertilizers in a Pear Orchard (유기질 비료 급원에 따른 배 과원의 토양특성과 엽 형질 및 화아 비교)

  • Choi, Hyun-Sug;Li, Xiong;Kim, Wol-Soo;Choi, Kyeong-Ju;Lee, Youn;Jung, Seok-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.363-375
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    • 2010
  • Sustainable farming systems have remarkably increased in Korea due to the increase of environmental concerns caused by the conventional systems. This study was performed on eight-year-old 'Niitaka' pear tree s to investigate the effects of different organic fertilizers on soil chemical and microbial properties and leaf and bud developments. Treatment and applications included 10 kg of rice bran (RB), 10 kg of coffee bran compost (CBC), 10 kg of Chitin incubated compost (Micro keeper$keeper^{(R)}$, CIC), and 30 kg of the mixture of the RB, CBC, and CIC (RCC). Control received 60 g of NPK (16-11-12) chemical fertilizer. The organic fertilizers increased organic matter, nutrient concentrations such as P, K, Ca, and Mg, and microbial biomass in soils compared to the control. RCC had the greatest specific leaf weight (SLW), and the other treatments did not have a significant difference for the SL W. Leaf P and K concentrations were different among the treatments, but they were not affected by the amounts of the soil nutrients. No differences were observed in the leaf Ca and Mg concentrations in the treatments. Organic fertilizers had greater chlorophyll contents than the control but had similar flower bud characteristics to the control.

Effects of Composted Pig Manure Application on Enzyme Activities and Microbial Biomass of Soil under Chinese Cabbage Cultivation (돈분퇴비의 시용이 토양의 미생물체량 및 효소활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Weon, Hang-Yeon;Kwon, Jang-Sik;Shin, Yong-Kwang;Kim, Seung-Hwan;Suh, Jang-Sun;Choi, Woo-Young
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.109-115
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    • 2004
  • To elucidate the effects of composted pig manure on soil biochemical properties, composted pig manure was amended in a sandy loam soil and Chinese cabbage was grown. Composted pig manure treatments included 8, 29 and $57Mg\;ha^{-1}$ for CM-08, CM-29, and CM-57 plots, respectively. Biomass contents and enzymes activities in the non-rhizophere soil were measured. Activities of protease, phosphomonoesterase and dehydrogenase in the plot CM-57 increased to 2.3, 1.6, and 2.4 fold as compared with those of the control plot. Soil microbial biomass contents increased in proportion to the application rates of compost and biomass C, N, and P in the plot CM-59 were 4.3, 3.4, 2.8-fold higher than those of control p1ot(no fertilizer), respectively. During cultivation of Chinese cabbage, biomass C and N were higher in the middle growth stage, although biomass P was the highest in the early growth stage. The average ratio of biomass C:N:P was 11:2:1, and proportion of biomass C and N in the soil organic C and N was 1.1 and 3.6%, respectively. Activities of protease and dehydrogenase had significant correlations with biomass C and P.

STUDIES ON BIOLOGIAL NITROGEN FIXATION -I. Study on symbiotic nitrogen-fixing activities of wild nodule bacteria (생물학적(生物學的) 질소고정(窒素固定)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -제(第)1보(報) 야생두과식물근류(野生豆科植物根瘤) 질소고정(窒素固定)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Sang Kyu;Ryu, Jin Chang
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 1978
  • Laboratory and pot experiment were carried out to find the symbiotic nitrogen fixing activities and the yield of dry matter on the several selected wild soybean plant. 1. Very high acetylene reducing(nitrogen fixing)activities were observed in isolated strains of Rhinchosis volubilies Lour. (924 nmole), Desmodium oldhami Oliver (844 nmole) and Glycine soja s. et z. (271 nmole/test tube/hr) while Rhizobium japonicum was only 0.6 nmole/test tube/hr. 2. On the serological reaction, eight isolated Rhizobium strains were sufficiently different to distinguish from the Rhizobium japonicum. 3. On the pot experiment with Glycine soja s. et z., A. Number of total nodules were higher in NPK+rice straw+Ca+Mo than in NoPK. However, little differences were observed in mumber of effective nodules. B. Yield of dry matter was increased with increasing of nitrogen content in plants. C. Estimated amount of fixed nitrogen in plant by an individual nodule was higher in NoPK than in NPK+rice straw+Ca+Mo.

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