• 토지주택연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

공공관리 패러다임은 공기업의 경영관리 및 기재부의 공공기관 경영평가 결과에 직접적인 영향을 미치기 때문에 중요성이 매우 크다. 이러한 차원에서 본 연구는 1980년대 이후 공공관리 이론으로 주목받았던 신공공관리론, 신공공거버넌스론, 신공공서비스론의 주요 이론적 요소에 대해 검토하였다. 분석결과 이러한 공공관리 이론들은 효율성, 네트워크 그리고 공공서비스라는 차원을 각각 대표하고 있으며 나름대로의 장점과 단점을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 공기업을 둘러싼 환경변화에 적절히 대응하기 위해서는 공공관리에 대한 통합적이고 다차원적인 이해가 필요함을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2003

The null pigmentation mutant (npgA1) of Aspergillus nidulans was previously characterized by its production of no pigment at any stage of its life cycle, its reduction in hyphal branching, and its delay in the asexual spore development. The chemical composition of the cell wall was also altered in npgA1 mutants that became more sensitive to Novozyme 234$\^$TM/, which is possibly due to a structural defect in the cell wall. To investigate the effects of the cell wall structure on these pleiomorphic phenomena, we examined the ultrastructure of the cell wall in the npgA1 mutant (WX17). Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showed that after being cultured for six days, the outermost layer of the conidial wall of WX17 peeled off. Although this phenotype suggested that the cell wall structure in WX17 may be modified, examination using TEM of the fine structure of cross-sectioned hyphal wall of WX17 did not show any differences from that of FGSC4. However, staining for carbohydrates of wall layers showed that the electron-translucent layer of the cell wall was missing in WX17. In addition, the outermost layer H1 of the hyphal wall was also absent in WX17. The ultrastructural observation and cytochemical analysis of cell walls suggested that the pigmentation defect in WX17 may be attributed to the lack of a layer in the cell wall.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.658-658
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• 2013

Graphene is an attractive material for various device applications due to great electrical properties and chemical properties. However, lack of band gap is significant hurdle of graphene for future electrical device applications. In the past few years, several methods have been attempted to open and tune a band gap of graphene. For example, researchers try to fabricate graphene nanoribbon (GNR) using various templates or unzip the carbon nanotubes itself. However, these methods generate small driving currents or transconductances because of the large amount of scattering source at edge of GNRs. At 2009, Bai et al. introduced graphene nanomesh (GNM) structures which can open the band gap of large area graphene at room temperature with high current. However, this method is complex and only small area is possible. For practical applications, it needs more simple and large scale process. Herein, we introduce a photosensitive graphene device fabrication using CdSe QD coated nano-porous graphene (NPG). In our experiment, NPG was fabricated by thin film anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film as an etching mask. First of all, we transfer the AAO on the graphene. And then, we etch the graphene using O2 reactive ion etching (RIE). Finally, we fabricate graphene device thorough photolithography process. We can control the length of NPG neckwidth from AAO pore widening time and RIE etching time. And we can increase size of NPG as large as 2 $cm^2$. Thin CdSe QD layer was deposited by spin coatingprocess. We carried out NPG structure by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). And device measurements were done by Keithley 4200 SCS with 532 nm laser beam (5 mW) irradiation.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2010

We report on the electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide at nanoporous gold (NPG) surfaces. Various NPG surfaces with different surface structure were prepared by changing the conditions of electrodeposition for Ag-Au layers such as the concentration ratios of $KAu(CN)_2$ over $KAg(CN)_2$ and deposition charges. The effects of different electrochemical conditions on the electrocatalysis of $H_2O_2$ reduction were investigated. The NPG surfaces exhibited sensitive amperometric responses for $H_2O_2$ reduction, from which calibration plots with higher sensitivity than a bare Au surface were obtained.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2001년도 제33회 춘계학술대회 개최
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• pp.149-155
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• 2001

New semi-fluorinated polyol esters were synthesized by condensation reaction of polyols (NPG and TMP) and carboxylic acids such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid, stearic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid. The structures of polyol esters were confirmed by FT-IR and H-NMR etc. And, the fluorinated polyol esters were insoluble in several oils, however, the semi-fluorinated polyol esters were soluble in several oils depended on the structure of polyol esters. The physical properties such as 4-ball wear property and extreme-pressure (EP) properties were characterized by measuring wear scar diameter through ASTM D2266 and by determining the load-carrying through ASTM D2783 method, respectively. As the results, wear scar diameters of oils in which the semi-fluorinated polyol esters were added were not changed compared to those of not added oils. While extreme-pressure properties remarkably Increased with fluorine contents of the esters depended on the structure of acid moiety and polyol moiety. Also, the extreme-pressure property of semi-fluorinated NPG polyol ester in gasoline engine oil was better than that of commercial Teflon coating additive.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2009

Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)의 $\beta$-glucosidase 유전자를 분리하여 대장균에서 발현하여 특성을 조사하였다. 최적 활성을 나타내는 온도는 pH 5에서는 $20^{\circ}C$, pH 6에서는 $60^{\circ}C$에서 높은 활성을 나타냈다. pH에 따른 활성은 pH 3 이하와 pH 9 이상의 범위에서는 낮은 활성을 나타냈으며 pH 7에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타냈다. $\alpha$-pNPG($\rho$-nitrophenyl-$\alpha$-D-glucopyranoside), $\beta$-pNPG ($\rho$-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside), $\beta$-pNPF($\\rho$-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-D-fucopyranoside)는 pH 3-10까지 비슷한 활성을 나타냈으며, $\alpha$-pNPG가 pH 7에서 다소 높은 활성을 보였다. $\beta$-pNPGA는 pH 5-9까지 높은 활성을 나타냈으며, 특히 pH 9에서 3배 이상의 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 기질 $\alpha$-pNPG, $\beta$-pNPG, $\beta$-pNPF의 온도에 따른 활성변화는 $\beta$-pNPF의 활성이 $60^{\circ}C$에서 증가하였고, $\beta$-pNPGA는 $30-50^{\circ}C$까지 활성이 증가하여 $50^{\circ}C$에서 최대활성을 나타내었다. 당화 flavonoid를 이용한 기질특이성의 상대활성은 daidzin, glycitin, genistin, 순으로 나타났으며 esculin과 apigenin-7-glucose는 기질로 사용하지 않았다. $\beta$-Glucosidase 활성은 EDTA, DTT에 의해 억제되었으며, $MnSO_4$, $CaCl_2$, KCl, $MgSO_4$에 의해 증가하였고, 특히 Mn이온에 의해 증가하였다. $CuSO_4$, NaCl에 의해 효소활성이 저해되었으며, 특히 $ZnSO_4$의 경우 효소활성이 강하게 억제되었다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2020년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.858-861
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• 2020

로봇이 사람과 같이 다양하고 복잡한 사물 조작을 하기 위해서 휴먼형 로봇손의 사물 파지 작업이 필수적이다. 자유도 (Degree of Freedom, DoF)가 높은 휴먼형(anthropomorphic) 로봇손을 학습시키기 위하여 사람 데모(human demonstration)가 결합된 강화학습 최적화 방법이 제안되었다. 본 연구에서는 강화학습 최적화 방법에 사람 데모가 결합된 Demonstration Augmented Natural Policy Gradient(DA-NPG)와 NPG 의 성능 비교를 통하여 행동 복제의 효율성을 확인하고, DA-NPG, DA-Trust Region Policy Optimization (DA-TRPO), DA-Proximal Policy Optimization (DA-PPO)의 최적화 방법의 성능 평가를 위하여 6 종의 물체에 대한 휴먼형 로봇손의 사물 조작 작업을 수행한다. 그 결과, DA-NPG 와 NPG를 비교한 결과를 통해 휴먼형 로봇손의 사물 조작 강화학습에 행동 복제가 효율적임을 증명하였다. 또한, DA-NPG 는 DA-TRPO 와 유사한 성능을 보이면서 모든 물체에 대한 사물 파지에 성공하여 가장 안정적이었다. 반면, DA-TRPO 와 DA-PPO 는 사물 조작에 실패한 물체가 존재하여 불안정한 성능을 보였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 방법은 향후 실제 휴먼형 로봇에 적용하여 휴먼형 로봇 손의 사물조작 지능 개발에 유용할 것으로 전망된다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2010

Purpose: The study was to compare the factors of life satisfaction between grandmothers parenting and not parenting their grandchildren. Methods: A descriptive design with a convenience sampling was used for this study. From communities in S and U city, 85 parenting grandmothers (PG) and 103 non-parenting grandmothers (NPG) were recruited. The PG were those grandmothers who cared for preschooler grandchildren for their daughter or daughter-in-law who was employed. Results: The demographics of the two groups were similar, however the value of grandparenting was significantly higher in the PG than the NPG (t=4.56, p<.001). In the PG, strong and significant correlations were found among the value of grandparenting, health status, quality of relations with adult children, and life satisfaction. However, demographics were more related to health status and life satisfaction in the NPG. The value of grandparenting, health status, and quality of grandmother-adult children relations were found to be significant factors of life satisfaction (F=20.75, p <.001) explaining 42% of the variances. In the NPG, only health status was a significant factor (F=50.66, p <.001) explaining 33% of the variances. Conclusion: This study shows that grandmothers' perceptions of grandparenting and family relationships need to be incorporated into the lifestyle in order to support parenting grandmothers' life satisfaction while grandmothers' health is the common concern of elderly women's life satisfaction.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1133-1144
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• 2000

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the program for the autistic children which was designed to promote mother-child attachment. The subjects of this study were consisted of 11 pairs of mother and child( 7 for participant group:PG, 4 for non-participant group: NPG), who were diagnosed as Pervasive Developmental Disorder. The intervention was consisted with play activity centered mother-child interaction, educational activity for mothers, lecture, video-feedback, and supports. The main data were collected by video-taping and analyzed by Wilcoxon Rank Sign Test, and Content Analysis. The results obtained were as follows, 1. Before the program, there were no significant group differences on the children's and the mother's characteristics. After the program, total score on the attachment of PG was higher than that of NPG, but not significant. Only proximity-seeking behaviors and contact-maintaining behaviors were higher significantly(p<.05). Then the characteristics on contact- maintaining behaviors of PG were lasting longer and reciprocal than those of NPG. 2. After the program, the score on mother's nurturing behavior of PG was significantly more increased. The mother's behaviors to her child of PG became more child- centered, positively responsive, expressive supportively. But there were pretty big individual difference. It can be concluded that Mother-child Attachment Promotion Program is effective. Thus it can be recommended to be a early intervention model for autistic children.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 정보통신기술을 활용한 미래전 개념인 네트워크 중심전 수행에 있어서 가장 보편적으로 쓰이고 있는 Link-16의 기술적 요소들을 물리계층, 데이터링크 계층, 응용계층 (전술메시지교환) 측면에서 검토하고 작전운용 측면에서 Link-16 만의 장점과 한계점을 도출해 보기로 한다. 또한 Link-16의 타임슬롯 구조, NPG 개념, 멀티네팅 개념을 기반으로 주요 작전을 수행하는 데 있어서 Link-16이 갖는 통신용량이 과연 충분한지 정량적 분석을 수행한다. 이러한 연구결과는 향후 Link-16의 국내도입에 있어서 타당성 검토를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.