• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.482-494
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• 2021

Objectives: This study evaluated dietary behavior and nutritional status according to the metabolic syndrome status in Korean menopausal women. Methods: The subjects were 1,392 menopausal women aged 50 to 64 who took part in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2016 and 2017. Subjects were classified into normal (NOR) group, pre-metabolic syndrome (Pre-MetS) group, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) groups according to the number of metabolic syndrome risk factors present. Results: The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 33.7%. Using the NOR group as a reference, the odds of belonging to the MetS group in Model 1 adjusted for age were higher at 53% (OR = 1.53, 95% CI:1.011-2.307) for 'not used' subjects compared to 'used' subjects of the nutrition labeling system. Using the NOR group as a reference, every 1g increase in the intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased the odds of belonging to the MetS group in Model 1 adjusted for age by 3% (MUFA, OR = 0.97, 95% CI:0.946-0.991; PUFA, OR = 0.97, 95% CI:0.942-0.993). Conclusions: These results suggest that to reduce the number of risk factors of metabolic syndrome in menopausal women, nutritional education should emphasize the adequate intake of riboflavin, unsaturated fatty acids, protein, and calcium, and also encourage the recognition and use of nutritional labeling. Results of this study are expected to be utilized as basic data for the health management of menopausal women.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.767-778
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• 2017

This research investigates the characteristics of metallic and ionic elements in $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ on haze day and non-haze day in Busan. $PM_{10}$ concentration on haze day and non-haze day were 85.75 and $33.52{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, and $PM_{2.5}$ on haze day and non-haze day were 68.24 and $23.86{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Contribution rate of total inorganic water-soluble ion to $PM_{10}$ mass on haze day and non haze day were 58.2% and 61.5%, respectively, and contribution rate of total water-soluble ion to $PM_{2.5}$ mass on haze day and non haze day were 58.7% and 64.7%, respectively. Also, contribution rate of secondary ion to $PM_{10}$ mass on haze day and non haze day were 52.1% and 47.5%, respectively, and contribution rate of secondary ion to $PM_{2.5}$ mass on haze day and non haze day were 54.4% and 53.6%, respectively. AC (anion equivalents)/CE (cation equivalents) ratio of $PM_{10}$ mass on haze day and non haze day were 1.09 and 1.0, respectively, and AC/CE ratios of $PM_{2.5}$ mass on haze day and non haze day were 1.12 and 1.04, respectively. Also, SOR (Sulfur Oxidation Ratio) of $PM_{10}$ mass on haze day and non haze day were 0.32 and 0.17, respectively, and SOR of $PM_{2.5}$ on haze day and non haze day were 0.30 and 0.15, respectively. Lastly, NOR (Nitrogen Oxidation Ratio) of $PM_{10}$ on haze day and non haze day were 0.17 and 0.08, respectively, and NOR of $PM_{2.5}$ on haze day and non haze day were 0.13 and 0.06, respectively.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.115-119
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• 1969

The authors studied the adrenotropic receptors of isolated urinary bladder from Sebastes inermis, using adrenergic activators such as epinephrine, nor-epinephrine, isoproterenol and phenylephrine and adrenergic blocking agents such as phenoxybenzamine, pronethalol and propranolol. The studies have revealed the following results. 1) The spontaneous motility of isolated bladder from Sebastes inermis was inhibited by epinephrine nor-epinephrine, isoproterenol and phenylephrine. 2) The inhibitory effect of phenylephrine on the Sebastes inermis bladder was blocked by phenoxybensamine. 3) The inhibitory effect of isoproterenol was blocked by pronethalol and propranolol. 4) The effect of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine on the Sebastes inermis bladder was usually not blocked by either kind of blocking agent alone, but was blocked by a combination of ${\alpha}\;and\;{\beta}$ blockades. 5) It is, therefore, concluded that the Sebastes inermis bladder has alpha and that both receptors, and that both receptors subserve retaxation or inhibition.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 1969

The author studied the action of autonomic drugs on the urinary bladder isolated from Ditrema temmincki Bleaker and the results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) The motility of the urinary bladder of the fish was stimulated by acetylcholine and physostigmine. The stimulating action of these drugs was antagonized by atropine. 2) The motility of the fish bladder was stimulated by epinephrine, nor-epinephrine and phenylephrine, but inhibited by isoproterenol. 3) The inhibitory effects of isoproterenol on the fish bladder was not affected by phenoxybenzamine, but blocked by propranolol. 4) The excitatory effects of phenylephrine on the fish bladder were blocked by phenoxybenzamine, but augmented by propranolol. 5) The excitatory effects of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine were reversed by phenoxybenzamine and augmented by propranolol. 6) The motility of the fish bladder pretreated with phenoxybenzamine and propranolol was not affected by isoproterenol, phenylephrine, epinephrine and nor-epinephrine. 7) It seemed that the bladder muscle of the fish had both alpha excitatory and beta inhibitory receptors. 8) The motility of the fish bladder was stimulated by nicotine and DMPP. The excitatory effects of these drugs were abolished by pretreatment with hexamethonium or atropine. 9) It is, therefore, concluded that there are ganglion cells furnished with cholinergic fiber in the bladder wall of the fish.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2002

The examination with 96 bacteria isolates for antibiotics susceptibility was resulted in exploring many antibiotics resistance isolates from the diseased fishes. Vibrio sp. isolates were demonstrated over 90% resistances for Penicillin (P), Amoxicillin (Amc), Erythromycin (I), Colistin (CL). Streptomycin (S). Novobiocin (NV) and Neomycin(N), these isolates were, however, appeared over 80% susceptibilities for Norfloxacin (Nor), CE and UB. In Edwardsiella tarda case, 90 to 100% high resistance was observed for P, Doxycycline (Do), Tetracyclin (Te), Oxytetracycline (T), E, CL, Sulfamethoxasoletrimetoprim (SXT), S, Oxolinic acid (OA), W, Neomycin(N), on the contrary, 90 to 100% high susceptibilities was found for Amc, Nor, Ciprofloxacin (Cip), Orbifloxacin (ORB), Enrofloxacin (ENR), Flumeguine (UB) and NA. CL, Pefloxacin (PEF),S, Flumeguine (UB), OA, NA, NV N was exhibited 90 to 100% resistances for Streptococcus sp., on the other hand, 100% susceptible to AMC and 80% susceptible to Do, Te, ENR and UB was recognised. Lastly, Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida was showed 100fe susceptible to Amc and 86% susceptible to NOR, CIP ENR and UB. As a consequence, fish bacterial pathogens isolated from Kyeongnam area, especially Tongyeong-si, Geoje-si, and Goseong-gun, were showed highly resistant to a variety of antibiotics available in the field.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.13-16
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• 1984

본 논문에서는 NAND 또는 NOR 게이트와 같은 기본 셀로 구성되는 1차원 MOS LSI의 칩 면적을 최소화하기 위한 레이아웃 알고리즘을 제안하고 있다. 배열하고자 하는 MOS 게이트들의 최좌측단과 최우측단에 입·출력 신호선을 표시하는 가상 게이트를 각각 설정하여 각 게이트 통과선 수를 최소화함으로써 수평 트랙 수를 최소로 하는 휴리스틱 알고리즘을 제안하고 실제의 논리회로를 택하여 프로그램 실험을 행함으로써 본 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘이 유용함을 보였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2003

To realize a high integrated flash memory utilizing SONOS memory devices, the NOR type ITC(one Transistor Cell) SONOS flash arrays are fabricated and characterized. This SONOS flash arrays with the common source lines are designed and fabricated by conventional 0.35$\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS process. The thickness of ONO for memory cells is tunnel oxide of 34${\AA}$, nitride of 73${\AA}$ and blocking oxide of 34${\AA}$ . To investigate operating characteristics, CHEI(Channel Hot Electron Injection) method and bit line method are selected as the program and 4he erase operation, respectively. The disturbance characteristics ,according to the program/erase/read cycling are also examined. The degradation characteristics are investigated and then the reliability of SONOS flash memory is guaranteed.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 하부전극 구조 펜타센 유기박막트랜지스터를 이용하여 플라스틱 기판에 인버터, 링 발진기, NAND & NOR 논리게이트, 정류기 등 간단한 집적회로를 제작하고 그 특성을 관찰하였다. 제작된 유기박막트랜지스터 소자의 평균 전하이동도는 0.26 $cm^2/V.sec$, 전류점멸비는 $10^5$로 나타났으며 인버터와 NAND, NOR 논리게이트는 입력에 대해 정확한 논리출력값을 출력하였다. 전파 정류기는 1MHz의 AC 입력신호에 대해 정류효과를 나타냈으며 링 발진기는 DC 40V에서 1MHz의 발진특성을 보였다. 이와 같이 유기박막트랜지스터를 이용한 집적회로를 제작하고 특성을 분석함으로써 현재 관심이 되고 있는 초저가 RFID tag, Flexible Display 구동회로 등에 유기박막트랜지스터를 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2016

Colorectal cancer is a very prevalent diagnosed cancer. The current study was performed in order to examine the role of BRAE (Basella rubra aqueous extract) in regulating aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation, cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis in a colon carcinogenesis model in male Wistar rats. Rats were randomly allocated into six groups. Group I served as control, and group II acted as a drug control administered BRAE (250mg/kg b.w.) orally for 30 weeks. Rats in group III-VI were given subcutaneous injections of DMH (25mg/kg b.w. weekly) for 15 weeks to initiate colon carcinogenesis. Those in group IV and VI were administered BRAE along with DMH injections. Rats in group V were administered with BRAE after cessation of DMH injection. After 30 weeks of experimental period colons were obtained from experimental groups and analyzed for ACF incidence, argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region-associated proteins (AgNOR) count, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes. Only in DMH exposed groups were ACF and AgNOR numbers increased. Administration of BRAE appreciably decreased the numbers of ACF and AgNOR in BRAE treated groups. Histopathological findings revealed a high level of dysplastic changes with decreased number of goblet cells found only in only DMH injected rats. Administration of BRAE in treated group rats reversed these changes. Expression markers for cell proliferation (PCNA and Ki67) were elevated in DMH treated rats, but reduced with BRAE treatement. This expression was reversed with apoptosis markers (p53 and Caspase-3). Thus the results results of the present study were found to be significant and confirmed the potential efficacy of BRAE against colon carcinogenesis.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 1998

Obtained the conditions for the product UV of two fuzzy subgroups U and V to be a fuzzy subgroup. Moreover, given an example of two fuzzy subgroups U and V which their product UV does not intersect neither U nor V.