• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2002

Physical activity is a primary cancer control strategy that has received little attention to date. However, an Increasing number of epidemiological studies have proposed that physical exercise may be beneficial by enhancing anticancer immune system responses. We investigated the effects of acute exercise on changes in nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. The amounts of NO generated by abdominal macrophages in mice were measured after exercise. Thirty-two mice, which were challenged with thioglycollate broth to activate peritoneal macrophages, were randomly assigned to control, exercise and recovery groups. The mice exercised on a motor-driven treadmill for 3 consecutive days, either moderately (18m/min, 30 min/day, 5％ grade) or severely (18-35m/min, 60 min/day, 5％ grade). The mice were killed immediately after exercise or after 6 hrs of recovery. Nitric oxide was quantified by the Griess assay. The exercised mice showed higher levels of NO generation than those of the control mice, but the intensity of exercise had no significant effect on NO generation. Mice allowed six hours of recovery after exercise showed higher levels of NO generation than that of animals sacrificed immediately after exercise, but there were no significant differences in NO generation with variations in the intensity of exercise. Increased levels of iNOS were found in the exercised groups, and this was greatest in the groups allowed six hours of recovery compared to those groups sacrificed immediately after exercise. The results of this study suggest that acute exercise may enhance an immune response by inducing macrophage-derived NO generation; these results support the epidemiological findings which support the benefits of exercise in the prevention and control of cancer. Further study is needed to determine the physiological significance of these findings, which could be applied to the use of therapeutic exercises to assist in the prevention and control of cancer.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.361-373
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• 2006

치주질환의 진행이 나이에 의해 영향을 받는다는 사실은 알려져 있으나 노화에 따른 치주조직 세포의 기능적인 변화에 관한 사실은 많이 알려져 있지 않다. 노화에 따른 세포의 노화가 치주질환의 진행에 어떠한 여향을 끼치는가를 아는 것은 중요하다. 염증 상태에서 nitric oxide (NO)는 조직 파괴에 관여하는 인자로 작용하여 치주질환의 진행에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 사람의 치은에서 배양된 치은섬유아세포를 이용하여 세포의 노화에 따른 NO와 이의 합성효소인 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)의 발현을 알아봄으로써 세포의 노화가 치주질환의 진행에 끼치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 10세의 환자와 55세의 환자에서 각각 채취한 치은에서 배양된 세포와 10세의 환자에서 채취한 세포를 계속적인 계대배양을 통해 얻은 실험실 상 노화된 세포를 포함하여 총 3 종류의 치은섬유세포를 실험에 이용하였다. Hot phenol-water extraction을 통해 추출된 Porphyromonas, gingivalis ATCC 33277 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)와 재조합 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 를 세포에 적용시켜 Griess assay를 통해 조건화된 배지에서 NO를 측정하였다. 20세와 55세의 환자에서 채취된 치은 조직과 총 3 종류의 배양된 세포에 NOS-II 항체를 적용시켜 iNOS 단백질 발현을 관찰하였다. Total RNA를 추출하여 RT-PCR를 통해 iNOS mRNA의 발현을 분석하였다. 치은섬유아세포에서 NO는 자발적으로 발생되었고, 이러한 발현은 젊은 세포보다 노화된 세포에서 강하였다. P, gingivalis LPS와 제조합 $IFN-{\gamma}$는 치은섬유아세포에서 NO의 발현을 증가시켰고, 이러한 발현은 젊은 세포보다 노화된 세포에서 강하였다. 면역조직화학 염색에서 iNOS 단백질은 젊은 사람과 노화된 사람의 치은 조직 모두에서 치은섬유아세포와 상피의 기저층 세포와 염증세포에서 발현되었으나 노화에 따른 발현의 차이를 구별할 수는 없었다. 세포의 면역염색에서 iNOS 단백질은 노화된 세포에서 강하게 발현되었고 이러한 발현은 LPS와 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 에 의해 강화되었다. LPS와 $INF-{\gamma}$ 의 조건이 주어지지 않은 상태에서 iNOS mRNA는 젊은 세포에서보다 노화된 세포에서 강하게 발현되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 세포의 노화가 NO와 iNOS 발현을 증가시킴으로서 치주질환의 진행에 영향을 끼칠 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2013

The effect on the antioxidant activity and Nitric Oxide activity production inhibitory activity of Taraxacum has not been known. Therefore, phenolics and flavonoid contents were investigated from the ethanol extracts of five different Taraxacum species. The results showed that, among the five Taraxacum, T. hallaisanensis contains the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents. When the antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH, $ABTS^+$ and reducing power activity, the free radical scavenging activity of T. hallaisanensis was also the highest among five Taraxacum species. However, measurement by CCK-8 assay in Raw264.7 cells indicated that the extracts of Taraxacum species have no effect on cell viability. Moreover, we also investigated the effect of Taraxacum species on NO scavenging activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. The results clearly showed that Taraxacum species inhibited NO production, and the inhibitory effect of T. hallaisanensis was the strongest. The above results suggested that Taraxacum species affected the antioxidant and NO scavenging activity, and among the five species, antioxidant and NO scavenging activity assay of T. hallaisanensis was significantly higher than those of other four Taraxacum species. Therefore, T. hallaisanensis could be used as a potential drug with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.937-942
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• 2003

Nitric oxide(NO) induces apoptosis in human osteoblasts. Treatment with exogenous NO donors, SNAP (S-Nitroso-N-acelylpenicillamine) and SNP (sodium nitroprusside), to MG-63 osteoblasts resulted in apoptotic morphological changes, as shown by a bright blue-fluorescent condensed nuclei and chromatin fragmentation by fluorescence microscope of Hoechst 33258-staining. The activities of caspase-9 and the subsequent caspase-3-like cysteine proteases were increased during NO-induced cell death. Pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK (a pancaspase inhibitor) or Ac-DEVD-CHO (a specific caspase-3 inhibitor) abrogated the NO-induced cell death. The NO donor markedly activated JNK, a stress-activated protein kinase in the human osteoblasts. This study showed that the inhibition of the JNK pathway markedly reduced NO-induced cell death. But neither PD98059 (MEK inhibitor) nor SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) had any effect on NO-induced death. Taken together, these results suggest that JNK/SAPK may be related to NO-induced apoptosis in MG-63 human osteoblasts.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2015

목향(Saussurea lappa)은 다양한 생리활성을 나타내는 성분들은 알려져 있으나 세포내에서 신호전달 체계에 미치는 영향에 대해서 자세히 알려진 바가 없다. 본 연구에서 목향의 에탄올 추출물이 Raw 264.7세포의 NO(nitric oxide) 항상성에 대한 논의를 하고자 한다. LPS(lipolysaccharide)로 유도한 후, NO(nitric oxide) 생성억제력과 IL-$1{\beta}$(interleukin-$1{\beta}$), TNF-${\alpha}$(tumour necrosis factor-${\alpha}$), iNOS와 COX-2를 전사수준(transcriptional level)에서 발현양상을 살펴보고자 한다. 목향의 에탄올 추출물은 RAW264.7 세포에서 LPS를 전처리한 후 유도되는 iNOS와 COX-2가 전사 수준에서 발현 억제와 pro-inflammatory cytokine인 TNF-${\alpha}$와 IL-$1{\beta}$의 발현을 효과적으로 저해함을 보였다. 본 연구 결과로 목향의 에탄올 추출물이 대식세포를 매개로 한 염증반응의 작용기전 연구에 있어서 NO(nitric oxide) 항상성에 영향이 있음을 융복합적 측면에서 고찰하였다. 향후 염증성 질환의 예방과 치료에 중요한 기초 자료로 제공하고 자 한다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2006

Essential oils은 식물의 2차 대사산물로서 항박테리아, 항바이러스, 해열 및 항염증작용 등 다양한 생리활성을 가지고 있어 화장품 및 아로마테라피 소재를 비롯하여 식품, 항료, 의약품 원료 등 다양한 용도로 사용되고 있다. 뿐만 아니라, 최근 에스테틱 분야에서도 염증성 피부트러블개선, 주름개선, 노화방지 등 다양한 효능의 피부미용 개선을 목적으로 한 피부관리요법이나 미용관련제품소재로 널리 사용되고 있으나 이에 대한 체계적/객관적 효능 검증 및 작용기작 규명에 대한 과학적 연구는 매우 미비한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 피부염증과 연관지어 33종의 essential oils의 항염증 기능을 알아보기 위하여 중요 염증 매개인자의 일종인 nitric oxide (NO)를 탐색하였다. 그 중 NO 생성을 효과적으로 억제시키는 essential oil을 선택하여 농도별로 NO 생성억제효과, 세포독성, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 발현에 미치는 영향을 탐색하고 작용기작을 규명하고자 하였다. medical skin care에서 주로 사용되는 33종의 essential oils(각 $100 {\mu}g/mL$)의 NO 생성억제효과를 탐색한 결과, 항염증 효과로 알려진 Rosemery (12.3%), Chamomile (37.8%), Lavender (14.2%), Cedar Wood (17.3%), Cypress (7.5%) 보다 Lemongrass (95.3%)의 NO 생성 억제율이 높았으며, iNOS발현에서도 억제 효과를 보여주었다. Lemongrass는 농도의존적으로 NO 생성을 억제시켰으며, $IC_{50}$값은 $22 {\mu}g/mL$이다. 결론적으로 Lemongrass oil은 체내 염증반응의 중요 매개인자인 NO의 생성을 억제하는 항염증 물질로서 염증성 피부질환인 여드름피부의 개선 및 예방 제품 개발에 좋은 소재로서의 가능성이 제시되어진다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2006

Background : Some reports have suggested that decreased nitric oxide metabolites($NO_x$) and activity of nitric oxide synthase could be related to the pathophysiology of depression. We evaluated plasma levels of $NO_x$ in pregnant women with and without postpartum depression at prenatal and postnatal period. Methods : The plasma concentrations of $NO_x$ were measured in 104 pregnant women in the third trimester and at 6 weeks postpartum and in 64 normal controls. The severity of depression and anxiety was measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), and Beck Anxiety Scale(BAI). Results : Plasma $NO_x$ levels at 6 weeks postpartum were significantly lower in cases of postpartum major depression(EDPS scores${\geq}$13 points) than in cases without depression(EDPS scores${\leq}$9 points). Plasma $NO_x$ levels had significantly negative correlation with EPDS scores at 6 weeks postpartum. Conclusion : We demonstrate that decreased plasma $NO_x$ is associated with postpartum depression. Further studies are required to determine whether individual serum concentration of plasma $NO_x$ alone could predict maternal depression.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2000

Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive free radical which plays important roles in animal physiology. To investigate involvement of NO in acrosome reaction (AR), effects of drugs which modulate the intracellular NO level were examined in mouse spermatozoa. N (G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA), a potent inhibitor of NO synthesis, decreased AR in a reversible manner, On the other hand, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO generating agent, increased spontaneous AR. Preincubation of sperm in the presence of L-NA potentiated AR after sperm transfer into plain- or SNP-media. Methylene blue, a NO scavenging agent, decreased spontaneous AR. Taken together, it is concluded that NO positively controls AR.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권6호
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• pp.673-679
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• 1997

It has been generally accepted that glutamate mediates the ischemic brain damage, excitotoxicity, and induces release of neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine(NE), in ischemic milieu. In the present study, the role of nitric oxide(NO) in the ischemia-induced $[^3H]norepinephrine([^3H]NE)$ release from cortex slices of the rat was examined. Ischemia, deprivation of oxygen and glucose from $Mg^{2+}-free$ artificial cerebrospinal fluid, induced significant release of $[^3H]NE$ from cortex slices. This ischemia-induced $[^3H]NE$ release was significantly attenuated by glutamatergic neurotransmission modifiers. $N^G-nitro-L-arginine$ methyl ester(L-NAME), $N^G-monomethyl-L-arginine$ (L-NMMA) or 7-nitroindazole, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors attenuated the ischemia-evoked $[^3H]NE$ release. Hemoglobin, a NO chelator, and 5, 5- dimethyl-L-pyrroline-N-oxide(DMPO), an electron spin trap, inhibited $[^3H]NE$ release dose-dependently. Ischemia-evoked $[^3H]NE$ release was inhibited by methylene blue, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, and potentiated by 8-bromo-cGMP, a cell permeable cGMP analog, zaprinast, a cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a nitric oxide generator. These results suggest that the ischemia-evoked $[^3H]NE$ release is mediated by NMDA receptors, and activation of NO system is involved.

• 생약학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.173-176
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• 1999

Bioassay-guided fractionation of a $H_2O$ extract of the roots of Gentiana scabra has furnished 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (1) as an inhibitory compound for nitric oxide (NO) production in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with $interferon-{\gamma}$ plus lipopolysaccharide. Compound 1 showed the moderate inhibition of NO production with $IC_{50}$ value of $803\;{\mu}M$.