• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.453-460
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• 2022

As high-performance quantum computers are expected to be developed, studies are being actively conducted to build a post-quantum security system that is safe from potential quantum computer attacks. When the Grover's algorithm, a representative quantum algorithm, is used to search for a secret key in a symmetric key cryptography, there may be a safety problem in that the security strength of the cipher is reduced to the square root. NIST presents the post-quantum security strength estimated based on the cost of the Grover's algorithm required for an attack of the cryptographic algorithm as a post-quantum security requirement for symmetric key cryptography. The estimated cost of Grover's algorithm for the attack of symmetric key cryptography is determined by the quantum circuit complexity of the corresponding encryption algorithm. In this paper, the quantum circuit of the SCHWAEMM algorithm, AEAD family of SPARKLE, which was a finalist in NIST's lightweight cryptography competition, is efficiently implemented, and the quantum cost to apply the Grover's algorithm is analyzed. At this time, the cost according to the CDKM ripple-carry adder and the unbounded Fan-Out adder is compared together. Finally, we evaluate the post-quantum security strength of the lightweight cryptography SPARKLE SCHWAEMM algorithm based on the analyzed cost and NIST's post-quantum security requirements. A quantum programming tool, ProjectQ, is used to implement the quantum circuit and analyze its cost.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.697-708
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose and implement a method to optimize Rainbow for 8 bit MCU(Microcontroller Unit). As quantum computers have been developed, the security of existing cryptography, especially the signature algorithms, has been threatened, so it is necessary to apply a signature scheme with a quantum-resistance to IoT devices. Currently, the proposed PQC(Post Quantum Cryptography) are lattice-based, hash-based, code-based, and MQ(Multivariate Quadratic)-based cryptographic algorithms and signature schemes. In particular, MQ-based signature schemes are faster than conventional signature schemes and are suitable for IoT devices Do. However, it is difficult to apply 8-bit MCU, which has a large key length and large number of computations, to the memory and performance of IoT devices. In this paper, we propose a method of storing Rainbow, which is a MQ-based signing scheme, in 8-bit MCU by dividing the key and optimizing the computation method. By reducing the memory consumption and improving the algorithm speedily, Compare performance.