• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.1465-1472
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• 2009

완전혼합 반응기에서 외부로의 열손실이 $CH_4/air$예혼합화염의 NOx 생성특성에 미치는 영향을 수치해석으로 검토하였다. 주요 결과로서, 단열조건에서 NOx는 체류시간에 따라 급격히 증가하는 반면에, 열손실이 고려될 때 열전 달 상수와 체류시간의 증가에 따라 NOx 저감현상이 뚜렷하게 발생하였다. 민감도 해석을 통해 열손실율이 증가함에 따라 Thermal NO 기구와 Re-burning NO 기구는 NOx 저감에 크게 기여하는 반면, Prompt NO 기구와 $N_2O$-경유 NO 기구는 오히려 NOx 증가에 기여함을 확인하였다. NOx 생성기구는 열전달 상수 및 체류시간의 변화에 따라 매우 복합한 특성을 갖지만, NOx 농도는 독립된 Thermal NO 기구에 의해 표현될 수 있었다. 이를 통해 실용 $CH_4/air$예혼합 연소기에서 NOx 농도를 예측할 수 있는 열손실율과 체류시간을 조합한 새로운 NOx 상관식이 도출되었다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.358-367
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 차별화 서비스의 AS(Assured Service)의 문제점으로 지적되는 플로우 사이의 공평성 향상을 위한 개선된 버퍼 관리 방식과 미터를 제안하였다. 코어 라우터 (core router)를 위해 제안된 버퍼 관리 방식은 카운터를 이용하여 패킷 폐기 사이의 거리를 일정하게 유지시켜 TCP 플로우의 급격한 성능 저하와 global synchronization 문제를 해결하였다. 그리고, 경계 라우터 (edge router)를 위해 제안된 미터는 기본적으로 TSW(Time Sliding Window) 알고리즘을 고려하여, 공평성 향상을 위해 비례적 마킹과 가변적 윈도우의 개념을 도입하였다. 제안된 방식들은 기존 방식들에 비해 복잡한 연산이 필요하지 않으며. TCP 프로토콜의 변경 없이 공평성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방식이다. 그리고, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 기존의 RIO(RED with IN and OUT), TSW 방식과 제안한 방식 간의 성능 분석을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안된 버퍼 관리 방식과 미터는 송신측의 목표 전송률과 근접한 수율을 제공하며, 플로우들 사이에 공평한 대역 사용을 제공하여 기존 방식보다 우수한 성능을 제공함을 보였다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2014

The P-T characteristics of mixed refrigerant in thermostatic expansion valve sensing bulb were studied using R-134a and R-410A refrigerant. The characteristics of mixed refrigerant were investigated according to pressure variation and the variation of composition ratio of R-134A and R-410A in the temperature range of $-15^{\circ}C{\sim}15^{\circ}C$. The Thermodynamic characteristic values of the mixed refrigerants were identified using the characteristic value analysis program of mixed refrigerant(Refrop v9.0, NIST). The P-T characteristics in the case of the mixing ratio of 90:10 for R-410A and R-134A were the same result as R-22. And the physical properties showed similar results with R-22. The Maximum operating pressure(MOP) of mixed refrigerant showed a tendency to decrease with decreasing the mixing ratio of additive gases($N_2$ or He) gases. The characteristics in the case of the mixing ratio of 80:1 for mixed refrigerant and additive gases were the similar result as Reference refrigerant.(R-22 MOP, Sporlan company) In addition $N_2$ and He, both showed the same results. It was able to confirm that a MOP on the thermostatic expansion valve sensing bulb can be maintained by adjusting the mixing ratio of mixed refrigerant gases and additive gases.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.129-149
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to formulate a general 3D material-structural analysis framework for the thermomechanical behavior of steel-concrete structures in a fire environment. The proposed analysis framework consists of three sequential modeling parts: fire dynamics simulation, heat transfer analysis, and a thermomechanical stress analysis of the structure. The first modeling part consists of applying the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) where coupled CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) with thermodynamics are combined to realistically model the fire progression within the steel-concrete structure. The goal is to generate the spatial-temporal (ST) solution variables (temperature, heat flux) on the surfaces of the structure. The FDS-ST solutions are generated in a discrete form. Continuous FDS-ST approximations are then developed to represent the temperature or heat-flux at any given time or point within the structure. An extensive numerical study is carried out to examine the best ST approximation functions that strike a balance between accuracy and simplicity. The second modeling part consists of a finite-element (FE) transient heat analysis of the structure using the continuous FDS-ST surface variables as prescribed thermal boundary conditions. The third modeling part is a thermomechanical FE structural analysis using both nonlinear material and geometry. The temperature history from the second modeling part is used at all nodal points. The ABAQUS (2003) FE code is used with external user subroutines for the second and third simulation parts in order to describe the specific heat temperature nonlinear dependency that drastically affects the transient thermal solution especially for concrete materials. User subroutines are also developed to apply the continuous FDS-ST surface nodal boundary conditions in the transient heat FE analysis. The proposed modeling framework is applied to predict the temperature and deflection of the well-documented third Cardington fire test.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.645-650
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• 2017

This technical note demonstrates the feasibility of using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the characterization of U-7Mo/Ale5Si dispersion fuel. Our measurements show 5.0% Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) for the reproducibility of measured $^{98}Mo/^{238}U$ ratios in fuel particles from spot analysis, and 3.4% RSD for $^{98}Mo/^{238}U$ ratios in a NIST-SRM 612 glass standard. Line scanning allows for the distinction of U-7Mo fuel particles from the Al-5Si matrix. Each mass spectrum peak indicates the presence of U-7Mo fuel particles, and the time width of each peak corresponds to the size of that fuel particle. The size of the fuel particles is estimated from the time width of the mass spectrum peak for $^{98}Mo$ by considering the scan rate used during the line scan. This preliminary application clearly demonstrates that laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry can directly identify isotope ratios and sizes of the fuel particles in U-Mo/Al dispersion fuel. Once optimized further, this instrument will be a powerful tool for investigating irradiated dispersion fuels in terms of fission product distributions in fuel matrices, and the changes in fuel particle size or shape after irradiation.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2004

An analytic method was developed for the quantitation of $\Delta$$^{9}-$ tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy THC (THC-COOH) in human hair. After hair samples were pulverized using Freezer Mill, deuterated internal standards were added and digested in 1 N NaOH at $100^{\circ}C$ water bath for 30 min. Digest solutions were extracted by 5 ml hexane：ethyl acetate (90：10) after acidification with acetic acid. The organic phase was evaporated under N 2 and derivatized by BSTFA (with 1% TMCS) at $85^{\circ}C$ for 45 min. The derivatized solution was separated on HP-5MS column ($30m{\times}0.25mm{\times}0.25mm$) and detected using EI-GC-MS with selective ion monitoring mode. The assay of calibration was ranged from 5 to 100 ng/50 mg hair ($r^2$＞0.99) for THC and THC-COOH. Within and between-run precision were calculated at 6, 30, 60 ng/50 mg hair with coefficients of variation less than 11%. Within and between run accuracies at the same concentrations were$\pm$14% and $\pm$30% of target for both analytes, respectively. Absolute and relative recovery at 10 and 100 ng were 60∼91％. The method was used to detect and quantify THC and THC-COOH in cannabis abuser's hairs (N = 16) and SRM (N=5, THC 1 ng/mg, NIST). We detected THC and THC-COOH in only one hair sample. In SRM, % accuracy was 93% (range 86∼103%) and precision (% CV) was 8.14. We began to set up a quantitative analysis of THC and THC-COOH using EI-GC-MS. Continuously, we need to modify and develop this method in order to apply for identification in cannanbis users' hair.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.697-708
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• 2019

본 논문에 이차식 기반 서명인 Rainbow를 8비트 MCU(Microcontroller Unit)에 적용하기 위해 최적화 하는 방안을 검토하고 구현한다. 양자 컴퓨터가 개발되면서 기존의 암호 알고리즘 특히, 서명 기법의 보안성을 위협함에 따라 IoT 기기에도 양자내성을 갖춘 서명 기법을 적용해야할 필요성이 있다. 현재 제안된 양자내성암호는 격자 기반, 해쉬 기반, 코드 기반 그리고 다변수 이차식 기반 암호 알고리즘 및 서명 기법들이 있는데, 특히 다변수 이차식 서명기법은 기존의 서명 기법과 비교해 속도가 빨라 IoT 기기에 적합하다. 그러나 키의 길이가 크고 연산이 많아 IoT 기기 중 메모리와 성능에 큰 제약이 있는 8비트 MCU에는 기존의 구조 그대로 구현하기 어려워 이에 적합한 최적화가 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 다변수 이차식 서명 기법인 Rainbow를 8비트 MCU에 키를 나누어 저장하는 방안과 연산방식을 최적화하여 메모리 소모가 적고 연산 속도가 빠르게 알고리즘을 개선하고, 구현해본 후 각 최적화 방식에 따른 성능을 비교한다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2018

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), one of the most commonly used instruments for metal analysis, was used to determine total uranium in soil. The method was named as "Modified ASTM C1345-96". When comparing with ASTM C1345-96, digestion time (2~3 days) was shorten to 7 hours and the treatment in furnace was eliminated. In analyses of 26 field soil samples, there was a significant difference in the average concentration of total uranium between modified ASTM C1345-96 and ASTM C1345-96 (F : 6.22 > Fc : 4.03, significance level : 0.05, n=26). The average concentration of modified ASTM C1345-96 was 1.8 times larger than that of ASTM C1345-96. In addition, modified ASTM C1345-96 was compared with other acid digestion methods for soil including ISO 11466, Modified ISO 11466, US EPA-3051, US EPA-3051A and US EPA-3052 using a certificated reference material (SRM 2711a, NIST) and field soil samples with different level of organic matter content (1.6%, 5.8%, 10.6%). Modified ASTM C1345-96 showed the best accuracy of 93.01% for SRM 2711a. Also, modified ASTM C1345-96 showed the higher extraction rates than other digestion methods by 11~45%.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2019

Background: In the calibration and testing laboratory of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, the old X-ray generator used for the production of reference X-ray fields was replaced with a new one. For this newly installed X-ray irradiation system, beam alignment as well as the verification of beam qualities was conducted. Materials and Methods: The existing X-ray generator, Phillips MG325, was replaced with YXLON Y.TU 320-D03 in order to generate reference X-ray fields. Theoretical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine initial filter thickness. Beam alignment was performed in three steps to deliver a homogeneous radiation dosage to the target at different distances. Finally, the half-value layers were measured for different X-ray fields to verify beam qualities by using an ion chamber. Results and Discussion: Beam alignment was performed in three steps, and collimators and other components were arranged to maintain the uniformity of the mean air kerma rate within ${\pm}2.5%$ at the effective beam diameter of 28 cm. The beam quality was verified by using half-value layer measurement methods specified by American National Standard Institute (ANSI) N13.11-2009 and International Organization for Standardization (ISO)-4037. For each of the nine beams than can be generated by the new X-ray irradiation system, air kerma rates for X-ray fields of different beam qualifies were measured. The results showed that each air kerma rate and homogeneity coefficient of the first and second half-value layers were within ${\pm}5%$ of the recommended values in the standard documents. Conclusion: The results showed that the new X-ray irradiation system provides beam qualities that are as high as moderate beam qualities offered by National Institute of Standards and Technology in ANSI N13.11-2009 and those for narrow-spectrum series of ISO-4037.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.517-522
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 AAPM CT 성능 팬텀 안에 있는 CT 수 교정 삽입부의 CT 슬라이스 영상들을 사용하여 CT X-선 빔들의 유효에너지를 결정하는데 있다. AAPM CT 성능 팬텀의 CT 수 교정 삽입부는 80, 100, 120 kVp X-선 빔에 대하여 CT 스캐너로 5번 스캔되었다. 각 핀의 CT 수는 각각의 CT 슬라이스 영상에 대하여 측정되었다. 상관계수들은 각 핀에서 측정된 CT 수의 평균값과 미국표준기술연구소의 자료로부터 계산된 다른 광자에너지 하에 선감약계수를 선형정합하여 얻었다. 얻어진 상관계수의 최대값에 대응하는 광자에너지는 유효에너지로 결정하였다. 결과로서, 유효에너지는 80, 100, 120 kVp X-선 빔들에 대하여 각각 56, 62, 66~67 keV이다.