• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.138-146
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• 2009

Background: The MHC region of the chromosome contains a lot of genes involved in immune responses. Here we have investigated the mouse NG29/Cd320 gene in the centrometrically extended MHC region of chromosome 17. Methods: We cloned the NG29 gene by RT-PCR and confirmed the tissue distribution of its gene expression by northern blot hybridization. We generated the NG29 gene expression constructs and polyclonal antibody against the NG29 protein to perform the immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation and flow cytometric analysis. Results: The murine NG29 gene and its human homologue, the CD320/8D6 gene, were similar in the gene structure and tissue expression patterns. We cloned the NG29 gene and confirmed its expression in plasma membrane and intracellular compartments by transfecting its expresssion constructs into HEK 293T cells. The immunoprecipitation studies with rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against the NG29-NusA fusion protein indicated that NG29 protein was a glycoprotein of about 45 kDa size. A flow cytometric analysis also showed the NG29 expression on the surface of Raw 264.7 macrophage cell line. Conclusion: These findings suggested that NG29 gene in mouse extended MHC class II region was the orthologue of human CD320 gene even though human CD320/8D6 gene was located in non-MHC region, chromosome 19p13.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 2011

Matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 is considered important in tissue destruction in periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of smoking on MMP-9 in the gingival crevicular fluid(GCF). GCF samples in upper incisors area from 332 male subjects were collected after the informed consent. The dental examination included the assessment of oral hygiene, gingival inflammation and probing pocket depth. A quantitative assessment of MMP-9 levels in GCF was performed utilizing and immunological procedure. The mean MMP-9 concentrations found in GCF of smokers(30.86 ng/ml) and quit-smokers(29.82 ng/ml) differed from non-smokers(11.33 ng/ml), adjusted by age, gingival index and Community periodontal index(p<0.001). Smoking seems to influence MMP-9 in GCF regardless of gingival inflammation and age. It means smoking can destruct the periodontal tissue for itself.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2008

For estimating the ovulation time in Miniature Schnauzer dogs during the estrous cycle, radioimmunoassay of plasma estradiol-$17{\beta}$ and progesterone concentrations was conducted on blood samples in 21 pregnant and 13 non pregnant dogs. When Day 0 was that plasma progesterone concentrations exceeded 4.0 ng/ml, on Day 64, parturition day, progesterone declined below 1.0 ng/ml with $0.92\;{\pm}\;0.29\;ng/ml$ and when Day 0 was that plasma progesterone concentrations declined below 1.0 ng/ml, on Day -64, progesterone increased above 4.0 ng/ml with $4.56\;{\pm}\;0.87\;ng/ml$. Gestational length was $63.71\;{\pm}\;1.35$ (Mean${\pm}$S.D.) days from plasma progesterone concentrations exceeded 4.0 ng/ml and was $66.29\;{\pm}\;1.98$ days from first male acceptance. The plasma estradiol-$17{\beta}$ concentrations reached maximum value with $28.20\;{\pm}\;2.86\;pg/ml$ on Day .2, and plasma progesterone concentrations reached $5.90\;{\pm}\;0.36 ng/ml, 5.18\;{\pm}\;0.32 ng/ml on Day 0, and the maximum of 61.58\;{\pm}\;10.47 ng/ml on Day 19 and 56.05\;{\pm}\;8.86\;ng/ml$ on Day 16 in pregnant and non pregnant dogs, respectively. Afterward, plasma progesterone concentrations declined below 1.0 ng/ml on Day 64 with $0.92\;{\pm}\;0.29\;ng/ml$ in pregnant cycles and on Day 58 with $0.95\;{\pm}\;0.63\;ng/ml$ in non pregnant dogs. No difference were found pregnant and non pregnant dogs in plasma estradiol-$17{\beta}$ and progesterone concentrations (p<0.01). Based on first male acceptance (Day 0), the maximum of plasma estradiol-$17{\beta}$ concentrations ($29.31\;{\pm}\;3.61\;pg/ml$) occurred on Day -1 and plasma progesterone concentrations exceeded 4.0 ng/ml on Day 2 in pregnant ($5.37\;{\pm}\;0.76\;ng/ml$) and non pregnant ($4.25\;{\pm}\;0.80\;ng/ml$) dogs. These results suggest that in Miniature Schnauzers, the ovulation occurred when plasma progesterone concentrations exceeded 4.0 ng/ml, 3 days after plasma estradiol-$17{\beta}$ peak and 2 days after first male acceptance.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.829-834
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• 2016

Free radicals originate due to the radiolysis of cytoplasmic water with low "Linear Energy Transfer" (LET) radiations. Naringenin (Ng) is a natural antioxidative compound found in citrus fruits. This study revealed that Naringenin (Ng) reduced the radiation damage of critical organs by scavenging oxidative free radicals. In the study, Ng was orally administrated to rats daily for 7 consecutive days, prior to whole body exposure to gamma-rays. The scavenging efficacy was evaluated biochemically by measuring the concentration of cytotoxic byproducts and the activity of enzymes relevant to oxidative free radicals, after extracting the organs from the exposed rat. We observed increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the exposed control group. However, pretreatment with Ng significantly reduced the MDA concentration, and increased the activities of SOD and CAT, as compared to the control group, due to the free radical scavenging by Ng. The results indicate that Ng administration prior to irradiation could protect critical organs from radiation damage.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 2014

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein (Cas9) system can be applied to produce transgenic pigs. Therefore, we applied CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate FoxN1-targeted pig parthenogenetic embryos. Using single guided RNA targeted to pig FoxN1 genes was injected into cytoplasm of in vitro matured oocyte before electrical activation. In results, regardless of the concentrations of vector, the cleavage rate were significantly (p<0.05) decreased ($4ng/{\mu}l$, 51.24%; $8ng/{\mu}l$, 40.88%; and $16ng/{\mu}l$; 45.22%) compared to no injection group (70.44%). The blastocyst formation rates were also decreased in vector injected 3 groups ($4ng/{\mu}l$, 7.96%; $8ng/{\mu}l$, 6.4%; and $16ng/{\mu}l$; 9.04%) compared to no injection group (29.07%). In addition, the blastocyst formation rates between sham injected group (13.51%) and no injection group (29.07%) also showed significant difference (p<0.05). The mutation rates were comparable between groups ($4ng/{\mu}l$, 18.4%; $8ng/{\mu}l$, 12.5%; and $16ng/{\mu}l$; 20.0%). The sequencing analysis showed that blastocysts derived from each group were successfully mutated in FoxN1 loci regardless of the vector concentrations. However, the deletion patterns were higher than the patterns of point mutation and insertion regardless of the vector concentrations. In conclusion, we described that cytoplasmic microinjection of FoxN1-targeted CRISPR/Cas9 vector could efficiently generate transgenic pig parthenogenetic embryos in one-step.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.693-697
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• 2010

This study, conducted with four leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis), used time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) to analyze estradiol and progesterone concentrations in fecal samples. We measured fecal samples taken during estrus period, diestrus period, pregnancy and non-pregnancy period. During estrus (February), the mean minimum estradiol concentration was $4.02{\pm}1.9$ng/g, and the mean maximum was $86.01{\pm}35.2$ng/g (dry fecal weight). During diestrus (November), the mean minimum estradiol concentration was $4.42{\pm}1.32$ng/g and mean maximum was $15.62{\pm}6.48$ng/g (dry fecal weight). Midgestation (April), the mean minimum progesterone concentration was $427{\pm}24.49$ng/g and the mean maximum was $1490{\pm}265.27$ng/g. During non-pregnancy (November), the mean minimum progesterone concentration was $71.25{\pm}29.61$ng/g and the mean maximum was $291.75{\pm}90.30$ng/g. These results suggest that steroid hormone analysis of feces using TR-FIA is a valid method for noninvasively determining ovarian activity associated with estrus and pregnancy in leopard cats. This study will contribute to building breeding management and reproductive plans for endangered species.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2010

Octopus(Octopus minor), benthic cephalopod, were collected from intertidal zone in Seosan, Choongnam and analyzed for polybrominted diphenyl ethers(PBDEs). PBDEs concentrations ranged from 29 to 109 ng/g lipid wt(mean; 54 ng/g) in mantle and from 12 to 89 ng/g lipid wt(mean; 48 ng/g) in internal organ. PBDEs concentrations in octopus internal organ were lower about two times than that in common squid collected in Yellow Sea, indicating Seosan is relatively less contaminated with PBDEs. Major congener was BDE 206, occupying 72% and 49% of total PBDE concentration in mantle and in internal organ, respectively, which is very different from PBDE composition in common squid with major congeners of BDE 47 and 99. From PBDE composition, octopus seemed to concentrate higher brominated BDE rather than lower brominated BDE. This PBDE composition in octopus may be affected by sediment with extremely high contribution of deca-BDE to total PBDE concentration.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.318-323
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to assess the association of metabolic syndrome and Vitamin D in Korean adults. The study subjects were Korean menopausal woman (n=4,340) who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010~2012. After adjusting for factors such as age, body mass index, total cholesterol, smoking, and regular exercise, the mean 25(OH)D levels ($M{\pm}SE$) decreased with increasing metabolic syndrome score (MSS) (MSS 0, $18.18{\pm}0.29ng/Ml$; MSS 1, $18.09{\pm}0.21ng/mL$; MSS 2, $18.07{\pm}0.19ng/mL$; MSS 3, $18.04{\pm}0.21ng/mL$; MSS ${\geq}4$, $17.27{\pm}0.23ng/mL$), and the mean 25(OH)D level ($M{\pm}SE$) for metabolic syndrome ($17.66{\pm}0.16ng/mL$) decreased in comparison to non-metabolic syndrome ($18.11{\pm}0.14ng/mL$). In conclusion, our results suggest that an increase in metabolic syndrome score or metabolic syndrome are inversely associated with the vitamin D levels.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.326-334
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• 2012

To determine the concentrations and the mass flow of selected 10 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), a field study was conducted in a wastewater treatment plant. Raw influent, primary influent, primary effluent, aeration tank effluent, secondary effluent, final effluent, dehydration liquor, primary sludge, thickened sludge, final sludge were collected over 3 days in the summer and the winter respectively. Collected samples were equally mixed and then served as an analytical sample. Total 10 compounds were analyzed. In terms of treated water, the concentration of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) were in range of N.D.~26.29 ng/L and N.D.~38.15 ng/L respectively. Perfluorononanoate (PFNA) and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) were ranged from N.D. to 36.79 ng/L and from N.D. to 24.36 ng/L. In terms of sludges, a concentration of PFOS, PFOA, and perfluorodecanesulfonate (PFDS) were detected from 6.82 to 59.37 ng/g, from 0.13 to 0.37 ng/g, from N.D. to 0.83 ng/g respectively. Mass loading for PFCs increased during wastewater treatment except for PFNA. The observed increase in mass flow of PFCs may have resulted from biodegradation of precursor compounds.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.355-363
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• 2005

We studied the concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and heavy metal in the incinerators around Dong-hae from December 2003 to April 2004. The seasonal mean of $PM_{10}$ concentration was less than the value of environmental standard, the lowest ($36.59mg/m^3$) in spring and the highest ($78.54mg/m^3$) in fall. The measured seasonal heavy metals were Fe $503,44ng/m^3$, Mg $410.85ng/m^3$, Na $134.14ng/m^3$, Zn $24.58ng/m^3$ in spring and Na $315.29ng/m^3$, Mg $48.36ng/m^3$, Fe $44.78ng/m^3$, Zn $23.34ng/m^3$ in summer and Na $88.53ng/m^3$, Fe $33.80ng/m^3$, Zn $20,43ng/m^3$, Pb $6.16ng/m^3$ in fall and Na $4603.72ng/m^3$, Fe $575,26ng/m^3$, Al $411.01ng/m^3$, Cr $203.51ng/m^3$ in winter. The relationship between measured metals concentrations showed that Na and Fe were associated with natural sources such as soil. Pb, Cr and Zn were strongly related to urban anthropogenic sources such as fuel combustion.