• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.7-7
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• 1994

본 사업은 산학연 협동으로 막분리 전문가들이 모여, 국내 막분리스시템의 효율적인 보급을 위햐여, RO/NF, UF/MF, PV/GS, 정책분석 별로 팀을 구성하여, 용도별로 시장 조사를 하고, 하계 및 산업체에서 설문조사를 실시하여 국내의 분리 농축산업의 기술수준과 시장 현황, 문제점에 관하여 조사하였고, 각 산업체의 의견을 수렴하여 막분리 공정 대체가능성에 관하여 조사검토하였다.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.244-253
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• 2007

This research investigated the effect of a photocatalytic reaction on nanofiltration(NF) membrane fouling by natural organic matter(NOM). The photocatalytic degradation was very effective for destruction and transformation of NOM and was carried out by titanium dioxide($TiO_2$) and $TiO_2$-immobilized bead as a photocatalyst. In order to compare their phtocatalytic properties, the photocatalytic degradation of humic acid in the presence of calcium ion was used as a model reaction. After the photocatalytic degradation the membrane fouling was dramatically decreased.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.21-23
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• 1994

무방류폐수처리 시스템 개발에 막분리공정이 핵심적인 기술로 자리잡고 있다. 그러나 막분리기술의 경제성을 높히고 적용범위를 확대하기 위해서는 새로운 막의 개발과 폐수처리에서 항상 문제가 되는 fouling의 원인규명 및 막세척방법의 개발이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 염료폐수처리 및 재활용을 위한 pilot 실험에의 막의 fouling 현상과 세척효과를 역삼투막인 BW-30(2540)과 Nanofiltration막인 NF-40(2540) 모듈을 사용하여 조사하였다. RO 투과수에 의한 물리적 세척법인 flushing과 화학적세척을 실시하여 투과율 회복능력을 조사하였다.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.39-42
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• 2004

Ceramic membranes have attracted a great attention because they have excellent resistance to most organic solvents and can be used over a wide temperature range. Especially, titania (titanium oxide, TiO$_2$) shows excellent chemical resistance and can be used both acidic and alkali solutions, and therefore, titania is one of the most promising materials for the preparation of porous membranes; titania membranes having pore sizes in the range of nanofiltration (NF) to ultrafiltration (UF) membrane have been prepared by the sol-gel process (Tsuru 2001).(omitted)

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2019

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems are gaining interest as an alternative to conventional water resources. However, when the water recovered in MAR systems, dissolved iron and manganese species may easily oxidize and they cause well screen clogging or require abandonment of extraction wells. In this study, both oxic and anoxic conditions were analyzed to verify the feasibility of the membrane filtration performance under various solution chemistries. The fouling mechanisms of the metal ions under anoxic conditions were also investigated by employing synthetic wastewater. The fouled membranes were then further analyzed to verify the major causes of inorganic fouling through SEM and XPS. The newly suggested anoxic process refining existing membrane process is expected to provide more precious information about nanofiltration (NF) membrane fouling, especially for demonstrating the potential advantages to chemical-free drinking water production for indirect potable reuse.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.13-22
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• 2015

The combined impact of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) fouling and inorganic ($CaSO_4,Ca_3(PO_4)_2$) scaling on the retention of TNT (2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene), RDX (Hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine) and HMX (1, 3, 5, 7-Tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocane) explosive contaminants by nano-filtration membrane were studied, since organic fouling and salt scaling are the major limitations for membrane filtration. Results reported here indicate that DOM fouling layer with a humic acid does not necessarily lead to an immediate loss of permeate flux but can result in a severe impact on the flux loss when both humic acid and inorganic scaltants were presented simultaneously. The $Ca_3(PO_4)_2$ mixed with humic acid showd most sever flux loss (42%) compared to that of only humic acid presence (8%). It could be a result that the scaling formation of the NF membrane was dominated by cake layer formation of DOM and it was along with pore blocking by the formation of crystals inside the porous active matrix of the NF membrane. In addition, these results indicated that the membrane selectivity of the explosives retention trended correlated with respect to increasing explosives size (listed by MW) based on greater steric interactions and followed the order (MW, g $mol^{-1}$; removal, %): HMX (296.15; 83%) ${\gg}$ RDX (222.12; 49%) ≋ TNT (227.13; 32%). Because the scaling and fouling layer could lead to a additional cake-enhanced concentration polarisation effect, the retention of explosives with the presence of humic acid in the feed solution and inorganic scaling formation on top of an organic fouling layer do not differ substantially retention from that of pure DI feed and NaCl solution.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.189-203
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• 2013

F-gases, gases containing fluorine such as perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfurhexafluoride ($SF_6$), nitrogen trifluoride ($NF_3$) are known to have green house effects. Although the net emission rates of gases containing fluorine are much lower than those of $CO_2$, their contribution to global warming cannot be ignored because of their extremely high global warming potential (GWP). F-gases mainly have been used for a variaty of applications in the semiconductor/LCD processes and in the electric power distribution industry of the national key industry. One of practical solutions of controlling the emission rates of F-gases is to reuse by separation and recovery of F-gases of low concentration from the gases mixtures with nitrogen or air. This work investigates some methods for F-gases recovery and separation around the membrane-based process.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 1998

Nanofiltration[NF45] and reverse osmosis membrane(HR98PP) separation treatment of dyestuff wastewater was carried out In order to separate relatively pure water from synthetic dyestuff wastewater, which consists of reactive dye, acid dye, basic dye, direct dye, and disperse dye. The experiments were performed by using the plate and frame membrane module. In the nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane separation, When the NaCl concentration was 0.1, 5.0, and 20.091, retention was 63.0, 46.0, 0.9%, respectively. When permeate flux was 125.0, 67.5, and 45.0 L/$m^2$ h, the osmotic pressure increased with Increasing the NaCl concentration. Permeate flux of two membranes Increased as temperature Increased due to segmental movement of polymer of the membrane and the rejection rate of dyestuff was decreased gradually. It was found that the rejection rate was about 95% in the nanofiltratlon, while the reverse osmosis membrane showed a high rejection rate of 99% under all temperature and pressures conditions.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.95-106
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• 2008

Objectives : This study is to evaluate Effect of Hong Hua Za acupuncture anti-inflammatory on rheumatoid arthritis that caused by Lipopolysaccharide in mouse. Methods : Hong Hua Za(Carthami Tinctorii Fructus) acupuncture(HA) was prepared and tested for therapeutic potential of rheumatoid arthritis, by measuring the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, nitric oxide(NO) production in vitro experiment, by measuring Tumpr Necrosis Factor-$\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$) & Nuclear Factor kappa B(NF-$\kappa$B) p65 activation, synovial hyperplasia, angiogenesis and fibrosis in synovial membrane of knee joint of mice. Results : HA showed therapeutic effects on Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced rheumatoid arthritis. HA inhibited iNOS mRNA and NO in RAW264.7cell of LPS-induced rheumatoid arthritis in a dose dependent manner. HA also showed significant inhibition of TNF-$\alpha$ & NF-$\kappa$B p65, activation, synovial hyperplasia, angiogenesis and fibrosis in synovial membrane of knee joint of mice. Conclusions : These results suggest that HA has an therapeutic effects on LPS induced-rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting TNF-$\alpha$ activation.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.114-131
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• 2002

1. PURPOSE : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Chungpyesagantang on LPS induced Arthritis in Mice. 2. METHOD : All the BALB/C Mice used in this study were 4wks of age at the start of the experiment. The experimental model of Arthritis was induced by injectection of $300{\mu}g/kg$ LPS in mice knee joint. The experiment was compare daily CS treatment group after Arthritis elicitation with Arthritis elicitated group at day 4, 7, 14 after Arthritis elicitation. 3. RESULTS 1) The hyperplasia of synoviocytes of CS treatment group after Arthritis elicitation is soften than Arthritis elicitated group. 2) The aggregation of collagen fibers CS treatment group after Arthritis elicitation is decreased than Arthritis elicitated group. 3) The distribution of TUNEL positive cells(apoptotic cell) of CS treatment group was remarkably increased than Arthritis elicitated group. 4) The distribution of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $NF-{\kappa}B\;p50$, COX-2 positive cells of CS treatment group after Arthritis elicitation in synovial membrane was decreased than Arthritis elicitated group. 5) The distribution of $IL-2R-{\alpha}$, ICAM-1 positive cells of CS treatment group after Arthritis elicitation in apical surface of synovial membrane was decreased than Arthritis elicitated group. 6) The distribution of $NF-{\kappa}B\;p50$, $IL-2R-{\alpha}$ in common iliac lymph node of CS treatment group after Arthritis elicitation positive cells was decreased than Arthritis elicitated group. 4. CONCLUSION : As a result of these experimental results, it may be concluded that Chungpyesagantang used for treatment of LPS induced Arthritis in Mice. Inflamation activity in CS treatment group after Arthritis elicitation was decreased than Arthritis elicitated group.