• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.38-49
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• 2008

Recently industries have started to recognize the importance of word-of-mouth marketing and human resource management especially for airline industries who suffer from pilot shortage. Pilots are very important component of airline company and require a lot of money and time to assession, training and maintaining certified license validity. This study is to test the effect of airline pilot's organizational identification, emotional exhaustion and perceived justice on turnover intention and negative word-of-mouth on airline union pilots returned from the strike. This study used both literary method and empirical method. The researcher did literary study based on the previous study, designed the research model and hypothesis, did questionnaire survey to the Union member pilot from year 2005 strike for the subject of study to verify hypothesis and analysed empirically the finding using SPSS12.0 program. The major findings of this study may be summarized as follows, (1) organizational identification has a negative effect on turnover intention and negative word-of-mouth, (2) emotional exhaustion has a positive effect on turnover intention and negative word-of-mouth, (3) perceived justice has a negative effect on turnover intention and negative word-of-mouth.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.191-206
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of adolescent attachment to mothers and peers, self-esteem and impulse control on delinquency. The subjects were 624 eighth and eleventh grade students in Busan. The subjects rated themselves on questionnaires regarding attachment to mothers and peers, self-esteem, impulse control and latent delinquency. The major findings of this study were as follows; 1) Male adolescent delinquency increased with grade. But no grade difference was found in female adolescent delinquency. And male adolescent had more delinquency than female adolescent. 2) Grade had a direct and indirect effect through attachment to peers and impulse control on male adolescent delinquency and was the first positive contribution factor. Impulse control had a direct negative effect on male adolescent delinquency. Attachment to mothers had an indirect negative effect through self-esteem on male adolescent delinquency. Attachment to peers had an indirect negative effect through self-esteem and impulse control on male adolescent delinquency. Self-esteem had an indirect negative effect through impulse control on male adolescent delinquency. 3) Attachment to mothers had a direct and indirect effort through impulse control on female adolescent delinquency and was a first negative contribution factor. Impulse control had a direct negative effect on female adolescent delinquency. Attachment to peers had an indirect negative effect through impulse control on female adolescent delinquency. Grade had an indirect negative effect through impulse control on female adolescent delinquency. Self-esteem had no effect on female adolescent delinquency.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.59-72
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of peer support on conduct behavior and withdrawal and to investigate the mediating effect of negative automatic thought. The subjects included 461 students(boys 51%, girls 49%) from the 1st to 3rd grades of middle school in Seoul. Conduct behavior and withdrawal was measured by the Korean Youth Self Report and the Conners-Wells'-Adolescent Self Report Scales. Negative automatic thoughts were measured by the Korean Children Youth Automatic Thoughts Scale. Using Amos 20, structural equation modeling was conducted. The findings of the structural equation modeling was that peer support had an impact on conduct behavior and withdrawal. Peer support contributed to a reduction of negative automatic thoughts. Negative automatic thoughts had a mediating effect between peer support and withdrawal or conduct. We suggest that peer support affects conduct behavior and withdrawal through negative automatic thought. We also found gender differences; compared with girls, boys received less support from peers. They also had lower levels of negative automatic thoughts and withdrawal than girls. The further study should be considered to provide more correlation factors of peer support.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.33-46
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• 2012

Objectives : Emotion is composed by several basic feelings. This basic feeling is called Chiljung in Oriental Medicine. This study examines the positive and negative affects related to Chiljung. Methods : A total of 199 students of Dongshin university oriental medicine were tested by Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution ClassificationII(QSCCII) and Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS). This study is used 156 students' data, excluding 43 students' data. Of the enrolled 156 students, four groups were classified by QSCCII. The positive and negative properties of Chiljung were determined by PANAS. These data were analyzed by frequency, Pearson's chi-square test, Crosstabulation Analysis with SPSS windows 15.0. Results : 1. Joy(喜) and Anger(怒) has directly-opposed emotional properties. 2. Thought(思) difficult to tell the difference between positive and negative, but it is distinct from Anxiety(憂) and Sorrow(悲) 3. Anxiety(憂) and Sorrow(悲) are superior in negative emotional properties. 4. Fear(恐) and Fright(驚) are superior in negative emotional properties, and Fright(驚) is superior over Fear(恐) in positive emotional properties. Conclusions : This study may serve as the foundation in identifying the psychological traits of Chiljung.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.455-463
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare Korean mothers' and fathers' reactions to their children's negative emotions. The survey with questionnaire was performed with 179 mothers and 179 fathers of children aged three to five-years-old from three child care centers in Seoul and Kyoungki Province. Parental emotion-related practices regarding children's negative emotions were assessed with an adaptation of the CCNES-R(Cortes, 2002), and parental reactions were categorized as problem-focused, emotion-focused, expressive encouragement, emotion-teaching, punitive, parental distress and minimizing. The main results were as follows. First, Korean mothers and fathers, in general, used more positive reactions than negative reactions when their children showed negative emotions, in particular problem-focused reactions were mostly used. In addition, Korean mothers were significantly higher than fathers on problem-focused and emotion-teaching reactions. Second, Korean mothers' and fathers' reactions to their children's negative emotions were significantly different depending on the educational level of mothers, mothers' job and fathers' job. But there was no significant differences in parent's reactions according to children's sex and age. The findings in this study provide implication for an association between parent's reactions to children's negative emotions and parent's socioeconomic background.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.999-1012
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine depression in adulthood caused by the influence of negative life events (disaster accident, physical violence and emotional abuse) in pre-adulthood and explore the mediator effect of interpersonal maladjustment. To carry out such task, 974 people who have had negative life event experiences before the age of 18 were chosen based on the data from the 2012 Korean General Social Survey(KGSS) and Stata 10.0 was used to do the analysis. As a result, it was found that there was a direct relationship between negative life events in pre-adulthood and depression in adulthood. Specifically, experiences from an accident or disaster had a direct impact on depression. Moreover, experiences of physical violence and emotional abuse not only had a direct influence on depression, but also through maladjustment, it had an indirectly partial mediator effect that increases the chances of depression. Through this result, it was evident that negative life events from pre-adulthood had a negative effect on continuous interpersonal maladjustment as well as psychological welfare throughout the adulthood. Therefore, there needs to be thorough prevention measures on negative life events in pre-adulthood and strongly take post treatment into consideration. Through building a safe life environment, great deal of social support from social organizations should be prepared systematically.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.147-164
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• 2015

The purpose of the present study was to examine the trajectories of children's negative emotionality and mother's social parenting over a 3-year period (for children at ages 1-3) and to then analyze the bidirectional effects between the two variables. The longitudinal casual relationship among children's negative emotionality, mother's social parenting and peer interaction at age 3 was also examined. The data, taken from the Panel Study on Korean Children, were analyzed using latent growth modeling. The results were as follows. First, the level of negative emotionality was seen to have increased by 2 years of age, whereas the level of mother's social parenting decreased by this point. Second, higher initial negative emotionality predicted decreases in mother's social parenting, However, higher initial mother's social parenting predicted increases in children's negative emotionality. The initial level and slope of mothers' positive parenting predicted peer interaction at age 3, while only the slope of negative emotionality predicted peer interaction. These findings suggest that temperament and parenting predict changes in each other and peer interaction.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.109-126
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese parents' reaction to their children's negative emotions and how these reactions relate to their children's understanding of emotions. Forty-two Chinese children (aged 4) and their parents participated in this study. Coping with Children's Negative Emotion Scale was given to parents to assess their reaction to their children's negative emotions. Children's emotional understanding was assessed using the modified emotional false-belief task and mixed emotion task. The results showed that Chinese parents gave supportive reactions more than non-supportive reactions to their children, and no difference in sex was found. The percentages of correct answers to false-belief task and mixed emotion task were low with no gender difference in both tasks. When age and sex of children were controlled, only fathers' supportive reactions to children's negative emotions significantly explained the variances in the level of children's understanding of emotions in both tasks. That is, children whose fathers showed greater supportive reactions to their negative emotions performed better at both tasks. It was concluded that fathers' supportive reactions to their children's negative emotions are very influential for emotional understanding among 4-year-old children in China.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1057-1063
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• 1994

An instantaneous frequency analysis is a technique to examine a signature for the rotating machinery if the signal has several transitions within a cycle. This paper discusses the conditions of existing negative frequency components in the instantaneous frequency. By using a signal consisted of two frequency components, the instantaneous frequency analysis is conducted while the amplitude ratio between two frequency components has been changed. The analysis shows that, depending on the amplitude ratio, the instantaneous frequencies have averaged, zero-valued, or negative components. It turns out that the negative-valued instantaneous frequencies, which have been regarded as the noise effect, are the consequence of the calculation process for the multisignal components. The criteria of existing the negative values in instantaneous frequencies is given in terms of the relative amplitude ratio and the frequency difference. Especially when the amplitude ratio approaches to 1, the instantaneous frequency fluctuates ${\pm}\infty$ in theory, which implies that instantaneous frequency has unstable region around the amplitude ratio, 1.Also, as the frequency difference between major signal components is increased, the region of existing negative instantaneous becomes broader. In an instantaneous frequency analysis, therefore, a narrow band analysis is suggested, with extreme care if the amplitude ratio approaches to 1. In this paper, a vibration signal monitored from a rotating machinery is also examined as an application example in order to show the existence of negative instantaneous frequencies components.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.133-143
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• 2012

PURPOSES: Using the collected data for crash, traffic volume, and design elements on ramps between 2007 and 2009, this research effort was initiated to develop traffic crash prediction models for expressway ramps. METHODS: Three negative binomial regression models and three zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were developed for individual ramp types, including direct, semi-direct and loop, respectively. For validating the developed models, authors compared the estimated crash frequencies with actual crash frequencies of twelve randomly selected interchanges, the ramps of which have not been used for model developing. RESULTS: The results show that the negative binomial regression models for direct, semi-direct and loop ramps showed 60.3%, 63.8% and 48.7% error rates on average whereas the zero-inflated negative binomial regression models showed 82.1%, 120.4% and 57.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Conclusively, the negative binomial regression models worked better in traffic crash prediction than the zero-inflated negative binomial regression models for estimating the frequency of traffic accidents on expressway ramps.