• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.56-61
• /
• 2015

The demand for high-aspect-ratio structures has been increasing in the field of semiconductors and other applications. Here, we present the commercially available negative-tone SU-8 as a potential resist that can be used for direct patterning of high-aspect-ratio structures at the submicron scale and the nanoscale. Such resist patterns can be used as polymeric molds to create high-aspect-ratio metallic submicron and nanoscale structures by using electroplating. Compared with poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), we found that the negative tone resist required an exposure dose that was less than that of PMMA of equal thickness by a factor of 100-150. Patterning of up to 4:1 aspect ratio SU-8 structures with a minimum feature size of 500 nm was demonstrated. In addition, nanoimprint lithography was studied to further extend the aspect ratio to realize a minimum feature size of less than 10 nm with an extremely high aspect ratio in the negative resist.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2007

A multi-server queueing system with finite buffer is considered. The input flow is the BMAP (Batch Markovian Arrival Process). The service time has the PH (Phase) type distribution. Customers from the BMAP enter the system according to the discipline of partial admission. Besides ordinary (positive) customers, the Markovian flow (MAP) of negative customers arrives to the system. A negative customer can delete an ordinary customer in service if the state of its PH-service process belongs to some given set. In opposite case the ordinary customer is considered to be protected of the effect of negative customers. The stationary distribution and the main performance measures of the considered queueing system are calculated.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.225-227
• /
• 2009

A new planar metamaterial (MTM) with simultaneous negative values of permittivity (${\varepsilon}$) and permeability (${\mu}$) is proposed. Our MTM is composed of two identical copper patterns etched on both sides of dielectric laminate, which is very thin and easy to fabricate. Unlike conventional MTMs, the proposed structure shows a negative refractive index (NRI) behavior with respect to a normally incident wave. To explain the underlying principle of the NRI characteristics, an equivalent resonant circuit model based on surface current density distribution is investigated. An eigenmode analysis and a three-dimensional wave simulation for the stacked MTM prism are also performed to verify the existence of negative refraction. The experimental results from the transmission and reflection measurement ensure the validity of our design approach and show good agreement with the theoretically predicted effective medium parameters.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.615-622
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on the relationships between past behavior and customers' intention to engage in negative word-of-mouth communication of dissatisfaction responses. Results of the study demonstrated that the inclusion of past behavior improved the predictability of the negative word-of-mouth communication of dissatisfaction response intentions. Furthermore, the mediating analyses indicated that the influence of past behavior was mediated by the mediator. In the contests of negative word-of-mouth communication, the effect of past behavior on intention was partially mediated by attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.355-370
• /
• 2004

This study was to examine the relationship between temperament and children's emotion regulation with negative emotion. Following are the purposes of this research. First, children's temperament and negative emotion, and emotion regulation was found based on children's sex and age difference. Second, if there is a relationship between children's temperament and children's negative emotion and emotion regulation. The subjects of this study were 213 students who were in 8, 10, 12 ages of elementary school in Mokpo. The scales used in this study was Buss & Plomin(1975)'s EAS(Emotionality, Activity, Sociability, Impulsivity) and Brand & Halpern(1998)'s ERACH(Emotion Response and Coping Interview). The data analysis was made by SPSS PC+, and average, two-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, correlation and were employed to test the research questions. As a result of this research a difference in age was found, and a difference in sex was not found. Children's temperament was in positive relation with anger and emotion approach. This research will assist to make the foundation of counseling psychology and developmental psychology.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.179-190
• /
• 2013

This study investigated the influences of ego-resilience, positive affects, and negative affects on stress levels in children. The subjects were 245 5th-graders. The results indicated that : (1) Ego-resiliency and positive affects were significantly positively related to each other, and these variables were significantly negatively related to negative affects and stress. (2) Ego-resiliency had a direct effect on children's stress. Additionally, positive affects and negative affects mediated between ego-resiliency and stress; this means children who had high ego-resiliency experienced more positive affects, which led to lesser negative affects and reduced levels of stress.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.271-273
• /
• 2005

In order to carnation productivity improvement, ozonizer and negative ionizer has been designed and manufactured. The ozone is generated by DC positive streamer discharge and the negative ion is generated by DC negative discharge. When the ozone and negative ion are supplied growth room and farm to carnation cultivation, the carnation productivity is improved.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2012

In this study, in terms of the exercise vehicles of the weapon systems having negative buoyancy, the analysis on the operation concepts was performed and the new methods of floating to surface were proposed. In case of having negative buoyancy, the additional methods for recovering the exercise vehicle have to be considered. As parts of recovering the exercise vehicle, for floating to surface the new methods of weight discharge, weight separation and sea water discharge were proposed. The conceptual design about sea water discharge method was performed. It was confirmed that those methods could be applied to the design of the exercise vehicle having negative buoyancy.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
• /
• v.62 no.4
• /
• pp.198-203
• /
• 2013

There are conditions that can be unbalanced three phase currents in a large generator by untransposed lines, unbalanced loads, unsymmetrical faults, and open phases. The unbalanced conditions can producing negative sequence components of current that induce two times frequence current in the surface of the rotor, the retaining rings, the slot wedges in the field windings. These rotor currents make the rotor rapidly overheat, so the rotor can cause substantial damage in a very short time. This paper presents the digital negative sequence relay algorithm for unbalanced protection in a generator. The proposed algorithm was tested by using collected current signals on PSCAD/EMTDC considering a hydro turbine based generator control system. It can be seen that the proposed relaying by negative sequence current is useful for detection of unbalanced state of large generator.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2019

Gram-negative pathogens, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii, pose a serious threat to public health worldwide, due to high rates of antibiotic resistance and the lack of development of novel antimicrobial agents targeting Gram-negative bacteria. The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria is a unique architecture that acts as a potent permeability barrier against toxic molecules, such as antibiotics. The OM is composed of phospholipids, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), outer membrane ${\beta}-barrel$ proteins (OMP), and lipoproteins. These components are synthesized in the cytoplasm or in the inner membrane, and are then selectively transported to the OM by the specific transport machines, including the Lol, BAM, and Lpt pathways. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the assembly systems of OM components and analyze studies for the development of inhibitors that target these systems. These analyses show that OM assembly machines have the potential to be a novel attractive drug target of Gram-negative bacteria.