• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1997년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 1997
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• pp.77-87
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• 1997

The earthquake data(M$\geq$4.0) for post-1900 in the Korean Peninsula show temporal variation with active and quiet periods. The pattern is quite similar to northeastern China and Inner Zone of Southwest Japan. Yeongweol earthquake occurred in the seismic gap region of the Korean Peninsula. This is the first medium-size earthquake in inland region of the southern peninsula since 1978. The intensity based on the felt area estimation of about 400 places shows MMI III-Ⅷ in inland region. IIon Cheju Island and Ion Ulreung Island. The isoseismal of MMI Ⅶ shows an elongated circle in the direction of NE-SW and covers some parts of Jungdong-myon, Yeongweol-kun, Sindong-eup and Nam-myun, Jeongseon-kun. There occurred quite strong shaking, numerous cracks on the walls of buildings, falling and movement of slate and tiles on the roofs, falling of tiles from the wall and falling of materials from desks, rook falling from mountain and collapse of gravel lauers on the river side. The least square fitting of the intensity data of the Yeongweol earthquake by a popular intensity attenuation relation yields the following : I=Io＋1.82249 - 0.65295*InR - 0.00707*R

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.354-361
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• 2014

Fault plane solutions in North Korea and the northern part of the Yellow Sea ($37.5^{\circ}N-40.5^{\circ}N$, $124.5^{\circ}E-128.5^{\circ}E$) was studied for the earthquakes that occurred from November, 2008 to May, 2013. The analysis was based on the data collected from seismic networks in Korea and China. Fault plane solutions were obtained from P and SH wave polarities and SH/P amplitude ratioes. Most earthquakes exhibited predominantly strike-slip fault characteristics with NNE-SSW or WNW-ESE nodal planes. The P-axes trends are mainly NE-SW or ENE-WSW direction in the northern part of the Yellow Sea and inland area of North Korea except some areas in the Hwanghae province. Fault plane solutions and main axis of stress field in the study region were similar to those observed in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.391-409
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• 2013

한국 경기육괴의 서남부 홍성지역은 지구조적으로 중국의 친링-다비에-수루대와 비교 연장되는 봉합대의 하나로 고려된다. 홍성지역의 중앙부에 위치하는 월현리복합체는 주로 신원생대의 편마암과 고생대 중기의 중-고변성의 편암, 정편마암과 변성염기성화산암으로 주로 구성된다. 이 지역은 트라이아스기 중기에서 말기까지의 암맥상 혹은 암주상의 다양한 관입암이 분포한다. 주 암상은 몬조니암과 반화강암으로 구성되며 부수적으로 소규모 암주상의 몬조섬록암, 섬장암과 섬록암 등이 산출된다. 연구지역 심성암에 대한 SHRIMP U-Pb 저어콘 연대결과는 237 Ma부터 222 Ma의 범위를 보여준다. 연구대상 트라이아스기 심성암은 TaNb의 골, P와 Ti의 결핍과 저장력 원소들이 부화된 경향을 가지는 섭입형 혹은 호상형과 유사한 지화학적 특징을 보여준다. 연구지역 트라이아스기 심성암과 홍성지역의 주 트라이아스기 심성암인 화강암-섬장암은 대부분 칼륨 함량이 높은 고칼륨 캘크-알칼라인에서 쇼쇼나이트까지의 지구조 특징을 가진다. 이들 결과들은 중국의 북중국판과 남중국판의 트라이아스기 충돌이후 생성된 후충돌형 마그마 사건의 지구조적 연결을 가능하게 한다. 결과적으로 홍성지역의 트라이아스기 심성암은 동북아시아의 지구조동력 역사 내 트라이아스기 봉합의 중요한 이해를 제공하여준다.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.265-276
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• 1995

본 논문에서는 실시간 해황예보 시스템 개발의 일환으로 수행된 회선적분법을 이용한 신속 표층유속 재현에 대하여 다룬다. 바람응력은 공간적으로 균일하고 대 기압은 무시된다. Data Base 구축을 위하여 4방향의 바람(북서, 북동, 남서, 남동)을 고려하여 각 지점의 회선적분의 가중치를 Galerkin-FEM 모형에 의해 계산하였다. 시간에 따른 바람응력이 주어지면 구성된 Data Base를 이용하여 회선적분법에 의해 신속한 예보가 가능하다. 시간적으로 변하는 임의의 바람응력은 6시간 단위로 정의되는 wind pulse의 연속으로 표현되며 총 12개의 pulse(즉, 72시간전)가 convolution product에 사용된다. 회선적분법의 적용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 황해 이상화한 해역과 황해와 동지나해에 이르는 실제 해역에서의 수치실험이 수행되었다. 고려한 바람응력은 역풍류 생성 확인을 위하여 시간에 따라 sin 함수적으로 변하는 북풍을 고려하였고, 실험 결과 역풍류 생성의 화인과 회선적분법을 이용한 신속 표층해류 예측 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.613-624
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• 1997

A study of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) was conducted on the Ordovician-Eocene strata in the Taebaek area. The study area is a northeastern part of the Okchon belt, sometimes called as Paegunsan Synclinal Area. A total of 600 independently oriented samples were collected from 60 sites covering the whole area. With a few exception of late Cretaceous-Eocene volcanic rocks, all the sampled strata are nonmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks, mainly sandstones. Among the 60 sites, 5 sites showed flow lineation lying on the bedding plane, 11 sites showed load foliation parallel to the bedding plane, and 21 sites showed tectonic foliation unrelated to the bedding plane. The tectonic foliations are defined by $k_1-k_2$ ($k_{max}-k_{int}$) anisotropy plane, and are considered as a result of tectonic forces acted perpendicularly to the foliation plane in the geologic past. Regardless of sample-site locations, tectonic force directions defined by $k_3$ ($k_{min}$) axis perpendicular to the tectonic foliation are consistent among the strata of the same geologic age. In the course of geologic time, however, the tectonic force directions showed a clockwise rotation: approximately E-W in the Ordovician sites, NW-SE in the Permian sites, N-S in the Triassic sites, and lastly NE-SW in the late Cretaceous-Eocene sites. The pre-Permian directions showed better clustering in the in-situ (geographic) coordinates, while the younger directions become better clustered after the bedding-tilt correction. It is interpreted that the major tectonic structures of the Taebaek area were controlled by the above-mentioned tectonic forces: The Paegunsan Syncline and the Hambaeksan Fault must have been generated by the NW-SE force of late Permian-early Triassic time. It was then reactivated in the reverse (dextral) sense by the N-S force of Triassic time. The Osipchon Fault in the eastern part of the study area was either generated or reactivated by the NE-SW force of late Cretaceous-Eocene time. The Permo-Triassic NW-SE force should be an expression of the Songnim Disturbance in the Korean peninsula, which is in turn related with the SCB/NCB collision in China.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제105권2호
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• pp.208-215
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• 2016

우리나라 자생수종인 정금나무는 낙엽활엽관목으로 열매는 식약용으로 사용되어 왔으나 기능성성분 함량 및 항산화 활성에 관한 연구는 미진한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내 자생 정금나무 4집단 24개체의 열매에 대한 형태적 특성, 식물생리활성물질(폴리페놀, 플라보노이드, 안토시아닌) 및 항산화활성을 분석하였다. ANOVA 분석결과 모든 특성들에서 집단 및 개체간의 유의적인 차이가 인정되었다. 총 페놀 함량은 4.40~10.58 mg GAE/g, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 2.02~8.09 mg NE/g, 총 안토시아닌 함량은 232.5~684.3 mg CGE/100g, 환원력은 0.15~1.43, DPPH 자유라디컬 소거능은 400 ppm 농도에서 49.1-97.5% 범위를 각각 나타냈다. 특히, 정금나무 열매의 기능성 성분 함량 및 항산화활성이 국내재배 및 북미산 블루베리에 비해 우수한 것으로 나타나 육종소재 및 기능성 성분 소재로서의 이용 가치가 높은 수종으로 판단된다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.244-255
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• 2018

Low-grade pro-inflammatory state and leptin resistance are important underlying mechanisms that contribute to obesity-associated hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that Astragaloside IV (As IV), known to counteract obesity and hypertension, could prevent obesity-associated hypertension by inhibiting pro-inflammatory reaction and leptin resistance. High-fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats were randomly assigned to three groups: the HFD control group (HF con group), As IV group, and the As IV + ${\alpha}$-bungaratoxin (${\alpha}-BGT$) group (As IV+${\alpha}-BGT$ group). As IV ($20mg{\cdot}Kg^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$) was administrated to rats for 6 weeks via daily oral gavage. Body weight and blood pressure were continuously measured, and NE levels in the plasma and renal cortex was evaluated to reflect the sympathetic activity. The expressions of leptin receptor (LepRb) mRNA, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3), phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) mRNA, and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) mRNA, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA and neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA were measured by Western blot or qRT-PCR to evaluate the hypothalamic leptin sensitivity. Additionally, we measured the protein or mRNA levels of ${\alpha}7nAChR$, inhibitor of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ kinase subunit ${\beta}/nuclear$ factor ${\kappa}B$ ($IKK{\beta}/NF-KB$) and pro-inflammatory cytokines ($IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$) in hypothalamus and adipose tissue to reflect the anti-inflammatory effects of As IV through upregulating expression of ${\alpha}7nAChR$. We found that As IV prevented body weight gain and adipose accumulation, and also improved metabolic disorders in HFD rats. Furthermore, As IV decreased BP and HR, as well as NE levels in blood and renal tissue. In the hypothalamus, As IV alleviated leptin resistance as evidenced by the increased p-STAT3, LepRb mRNA and POMC mRNA, and decreased p-PI3K, SOCS3 mRNA, and PTP1B mRNA. The effects of As IV on leptin sensitivity were related in part to the up-regulated ${\alpha}7nAchR$ and suppressed $IKK{\beta}/NF-KB$ signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus and adipose tissue, since co-administration of ${\alpha}7nAChR$ selective antagonist ${\alpha}-BGT$ could weaken the improved effect of As IV on central leptin resistance. Our study suggested that As IV could efficiently prevent obesityassociated hypertension through inhibiting inflammatory reaction and improving leptin resistance; furthermore, these effects of As IV was partly related to the increased ${\alpha}7nAchR$ expression.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1282-1287
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of xylanase on net energy for production, performance, nutrient digestion and gut microflora of broilers fed corn/soy-based diet. Eighty-four day-old male broiler chicks were allocated to two groups receiving two treatments, respectively. Each treatment had six replicate cages with seven broilers per cage. The diets were based on corn and soybean. The treatments were: i) basal diet reduced in apparent metabolizable energy (-0.63 MJ/kg compared to commercial diet specifications); ii) basal diet supplemented xylanase at 4,000 u/kg feed. The experiment used the auto-control, open circuit respiration calorimetry apparatus to examine the heat production and net energy for production. The results revealed that xylanase supplementation did not affect growth performance and diet AME value, but increased $NE_p$ value by 18.2% (p<0.05) and decreased daily heat production per $kg^{0.75}$ by 31.7% (p<0.05). There was no effect (p>0.05) of xylanase supplementation on the ileal digestibility of N and hemicelluloses, but the ileum digestibility of energy was increased by 2% by xylanase supplementation (p<0.05). Xylanase supplementation increased (p<0.05) the count of lactobacillus and bifidobacterial in the caecum.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.351-363
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• 2012

한반도는 주변의 북중국, 일본과 같이 지구조적 활동이 활발한 지역들에 비해 상대적으로 안정된 것으로 알려져 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 한반도 남동부 지역을 중심으로 지속적으로 보고되고 있는 제4기 단층의 존재는 한반도의 신기 지체구조 운동의 성격을 본질적이고 구체적으로 이해할 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 경주시 양남면 일대에서 확인된 수렴단층과 읍천단층은 그 최종 운동 시기가 제4기 후기로 확인되고 있어 현생 지구조 체계 하에서 발생하고 있는 지각 변형 사건임을 분명히 지시해 주고 있다. 이들 단층운동과 관련된 동-서 방향의 최대 압축 응력은 인도-호주판과 유라시아 판의 충돌 응력이 원거리에 전파되는 과정에서 발생하는 것으로 이해된다. 특징적으로 한반도 남동부 지역의 제4기 단층들은 반복적 재활성 가능성이 크므로 잠재적 지진 재해에 대비해야 할 것으로 판단되며, 특히 본 연구는 연구 지역 내에 위치하고 있는 원자력 발전소 인근의 지진 안정성에 관한 중요한 단서를 제공하고 있다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-33
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• 2003

From the study on Doo-Jong Kims view of history about the early Korea$(Korea\;herewith\;stands\;for\;Korea\;dynasty\;A.D.918{\sim}1392)s$ Medicine, I came to a conclusion as follows. 1. Doo-Jong Kim is stressing on the fact that Early Koreas Medicine inherited from Shilla dynasty and seemingly expressing the pride of national medical science. But actually he distorted the Koreas independent growth with flunkeyism and insisted that Koreas medicine only took over Shilla dynastys which based on Chinese Tang dynastys medical science. As a result, Koreas medicine was blurred and evaluated as nothing but Tangs medicine. But, the reasons of Doo-Jong Kims viewpoints were not based on the fact, but on his speculation. 2. About the medical system, Doo-Jong Kim viewed that Korea copied Chinese Soo & Tangs medical system, But the fact is that Korea only borrowed a part of Chinese medical systems name, for examples, Tae-I-Gam, Sang-Yak-Kook, Sang-Sik-Kook, etc., and its actual functions were different and grew in Koreas own way, As a result, the titles or roles in the system were very different from those of Chinas. Especially, Korea saw much development in Science of Acupuncture and Moxibustion that there was a specialist on Acupuncture, called I-Chim-Sa, and even had much influences on Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustions growth, exporting Hwang-Je-Ne-Kyong to Chinese Song dynasty. 3. About the education system of medicine, Doo-Jong Kim viewed that Koreas medicine was only a copy of Shilla dynastys which was based on Chinese Tang dynastys, taking the medical examination curriculum as an example. The fact is that Tangs medical curriculum was three, Bon-Cho, Kab-Ul, Maek-Kyong, Shilla had seven, Bon-Cho-Kyong, Kab-Ul-Kyong, So-Moon-Kyong, Chim-Kyong, Maek-Kyong, Myong-Dang-Kyong, Nan-Kyong, and Korea had ten, So-Moon-Kyong, Kab-Ul-Kyong, Bon-Cho-Kyong, Myong-Dang-Kyong, Maek-Kyong, Dae-Kyong-Chim-Kyong, Nan-Kyong, Ku-Kyong, Ryu-Yon-Ja-Bang, So-Kyong-Chang-Jeo-Ron. Simply considering this, it is so clear that Koreas medical curriculum was much more upgraded one than that of China. 4. About the examination system for civil service, Doo-Jong Kim expressed that Shilla dynasty did not have such system, and only expounded knowledge of Shilla medicine, In case of China, Tang danasty Hyang-Kong was only a qualification test for civil service, which the result was completely dependent on applicants social status, Song danasty examination system was composed of three steps of Hyang-Si, Sung-Si, Jeon-Si (See Note1), but it stuck to formality by having Jeon-Si of anti-fraudulence use. On the other hand, examination system for civil service in Korea dynasty started in 958 by an advice of Ssang-Ki, Chin-Si in 977 and K대-Ja-Si (See Note 1), a kind of Hyang-Si, in 1024., Three steps of examination system made employment for civil service strictly fair, Moreover, it was possible for offsprings of concubine to be an applicant. These easily explain that the examination system of Korea dynasty was more upgraded one than that of China, Tang ＆ Song dynasty. Hyang-Si : Exam in local area Sung-Si : Exam in province for those who passed Hyang-Si Jeon-Si : Exam held with Koea Kings supervision for those who passed Hyang-Si Keo-Ja-Si : Selective exam in local area like Hyang-Si. From the reasons above, it is clear that Doo-Jong Kim was much biased by flunkeyism through Japanese colonialisam and expressed his view on Korea Medical History based on such theory of heteronomy and stasis. Moreover, without rigid historical evidence on records, he distored the fact by translating incorrectly on his purpose. Therefore, Doo-Jong Kims Korean Medical History must be reevaluated through rigid historical research and his mistranslation should be corrected.