• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2007

The past concept of constructing houses was focused on how to overcome the limitation of consuming natural resources such as energy and materials, which increased the official cost and the environmental pollution. On the other hand, the echo-friendly concept has considered the harmony between human being and nature more critically and has applied the characteristics of natural environment into a unique dwelling design by developing constructs and materials adjusted to the particular climate, making them into a unit of impacting positively the complicated system. The current environmental issue is how a dwelling adapts into a given climate in which the design is applied by ecology without damaging the natural environment. In another word, the main issue in the twenty first century will be how we meet the human needs to dwellings applied by the residential environment. Therefore, we have to provide a hospitable place for residents' mental and physical health through "Green Design", emerging as the critical design of urban collective dwellings. Based on these conceptions, the purpose of this study is to suggest the way of designing the urban collective dwelling applied by ecology, proffering wealthy life style to residents with the preservation of natural environment as applying an ecological concept into the design of collective dwellings that represent a contemporary housing type for urban residents.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.144-152
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• 2021

Sanankerto is one of pilot projects for tourism villages in Indonesia due to its natural tourism potential with a 24-ha bamboo forest located in Boon Pring Andeman area. However, the distribution of existing bamboo has never been identified or mapped. Thus, the mana gement is facing difficulty in planning and developing tourism potential as well as spatial management in the area. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify and analyze the structure of bamboo vegetation in the Boon Pring Tourism village an d to perform vegetation mapping. The type of research was descriptive exploratory with a cluster sampling technique (i.e., a two-stage cluster) covering an area of ± 10 ha. Bamboo vegetation analysis was performed by calculating diversity index (H'), evenness index (E), and Species Richness index (R). Data were collected through observation and interviews with local people and the manager to determine zonation division. Mapping of bamboo vegetation based on zoning was processed into thematic maps using ArcG is 10.3. Micro climatic factors were measured with three replications for each sub -cluster. Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Nine species of bamboo identified. Diversity, evenness, and species richness indices differed at each location. Activities of local communities, tourists, and manager determined the presence, number, and distribution of bamboo species. These bamboo distribution maps in three zoning (utilization, buffer, and core) can be used by manager for planning and developing natural tourism potential.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.116-129
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• 2009

This study is to enhance the provincial leisure plans through various programs and infrastructure facilities and to establish a network of natural leisure areas in Gyeonggi-do. According to the result, first, in terms of analyzing the locations of natural leisure areas by types, the rest of urban parks is formed in the Capital area outside Seoul as centering around the central area. Moreover, with regard to the rest of forest and the rest of natural ecology learning, the area of the detention exceeds the total area of Gyeonggi-do. The rest of valleys and swamps showed a dotted pattern of the detention area while the rest of tideland and fishing village experience indicated a distribution of the detention area along the West Coast as an axis. Second, according to result of analyzing the accessibility of natural leisure areas by types, the rest of valleys and swamps showed the highest accessibility among the natural leisure areas : the rest of natural ecology learning had the medium level of accessibility; the rest of forest indicated the lowest accessibility. Therefore, it is necessary to create more leisure areas concerning the futures demands. In addition, they should be constructed in the places adjacent to the urban district area exhibiting higher usability and accessibility. In the places where there are many natural leisure area with higher utility, management plans should be deliberated as well. Based on the result of analyzing the rest of valleys and swamps and the rest of tideland and fishing village experience, it was found that the natural leisure area should improve the quality of water intensively and hydrophile property and create hydrophilic spaces. The development of natural leisure areas need to be carried out under the principle of environmental protection while considering historic sites and nearby rivers and lakes. Moreover, water leisure programs should be developed actively as well with further utilization of water resources in order to enhance the usability of natural leisure.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.415-424
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• 2015

This research was conducted to reveal the characteristics of breeding ecology of oriental scops owl (Otus sunia stictonotus) inhabiting in South Korea according to the nest types during the breeding season from march to October for two years (2011 and 2012). Oriental scops owl nested in woodpecker's nest holes (46.1%), natural tree holes (38.5%), and artificial wood boxes (15.4%). These nests were located on following trees: Zelkova serrata, Paulownia coreana, Celtis sinensis, Salix chaenomeloides, Salix babylonica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Robinia pseudoacacia and Platanus occidentalis. The hatching success was 91.4%, fledging success was 83.0%, and breeding success was 75.9%. The factors of the breeding failure were falling (57.1%), abandonment (28.6%), hatching failure (7.1%), and others with unknown cause of death (7.1%). According to nest types, the fledging success (69.2%) of woodpecker's nest holes were low and the hatching success (79.2%) of natural tree holes were also low due to hatching failure and abandonment. However, hatching success, fledging success, breeding success were high in the artificial nests as all the eggs hatched and succeeded in fledging. Therefore, we suggested that artificial nests can cover the weaknesses of natural nests as well as increasing the breeding success. However, long-term research on installation place, height, and hole sizes of the artificial nest are required in order to clearly reveal the effects on the breeding success of oriental scops owl.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2019

Background: Habitat selectivity and ecology of freshwater fishes were studied in two selected streams and their junction point which consist a total of 39 microhabitats. The aims of this study were to describe the habitat preference and its availability to fish assemblage, as well as ecology, habitat use, and habitat characteristics. Methods: We collected fish with backpack electrofishing three times during August 2013, December 2013, and March 2014. Using a variation partitioning approach of R software, we studied the relationship of fish abundances with stream type, habitat type, and abundance of key macroinvertebrate taxa. Results: A total of 6554 fishes representing four species belonging to the family Cyprinidae were caught. A higher total fish abundance was recorded from Gereb Tsedo (4870; 74.3%) than from Elala stream (1684; 25.7%). Taking both streams together, the overall total relative fish abundance was significantly higher in pools (53%) than in runs (35%) and in riffles (12%) at P < 0.05. Species-wise comparisons showed that 71%, 15%, 13%, and 1% of the pool fish community were occupied by Garra blanfordii, Garra ignestii, Garra dembecha, and Garra aethiopica, respectively. Stream type, habitat type, and key macroinvertebrate taxa each explained a significant proportion of the variation in fish abundance. Based on the variation partitioning approach, fish abundance was higher in Gereb Tsedo stream (P < 0.01). Moreover, fish abundance increased with pool habitat type (P < 0.01) and with availability of key macroinvertebrate taxa (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Fish abundance differed between stream types, among habitats and among key macroinvertebrate taxa availability. Among the factors, habitat type was the most important driving factor behind variation among fish abundances, and pool supports the highest fish abundance.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.701-708
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibition activity of Asparagus cochinchinesis (AC) extracts following fermentation by Weissella cibaria through response surface methodology. To optimize the HAase inhibition activity, a central composite design was introduced based on four variables: the concentration of AC extract ($X_1$: 1-5%), amount of starter culture ($X_2$: 1-5%), pH ($X_3$: 4-8), and fermentation time ($X_4$: 0-10 days). The experimental data were fitted to quadratic regression equations, the accuracy of the equations was analyzed by ANOVA, and the regression coefficients for the surface quadratic model of HAase inhibition activity in the fermented AC extract were estimated by the F test and the corresponding p values. The HAase inhibition activity indicated that fermentation time was most significant among the parameters within the conditions tested. To validate the model, two different conditions among those generated by the Design Expert program were selected. Under both conditions, predicted and experimental data agreed well. Moreover, the content of protodioscin (a well-known compound related to anti-inflammation activity) was elevated after fermentation of the AC extract at the optimized fermentation condition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.81-96
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• 2009

This study has found out the status of the environment ecology(topography structure. land-use, flora, plant community structure, wildbird) in 10 uninhabited islands(i.e. Kei island, Hadon island, Sangdon island, Daewa island, Hwanggang island, Naebi island, Oebi island, Prickly castor-oil tree island, Tongin island, Yuk island), Namhae-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do. Moreover, It has suggested ways of improving the environment ecology status by classifying the type of environment ecology about the degree of use and damage that based on the results of environment ecology survey. According to the results of topography structure survey, the survey site altitude was ranged within 1m$\sim$25m, otherwise, the radient was classified the rock area(.i.e. slope of less than $5^{\circ}$ the dead level) and the slope area where is steep slope. Moreover, there was showed evenly a variety of aspect. Land-use were divided the field(Kei island), dry native grasslands(Hadon island), naturalized grasslands(Sangdon island), Pinus thunbergii community(Dacwa island, Hwanggang island, Naebi island, Yuk island), the rock area(Oebi island, Prickly castor-oil tree island, Tongin island). As the results of flora survey, the number of plant species were 30$\sim$115 species and the naturalized species were found 2$\sim$12 species in each site. The results of plant community structure analysis, The dominant species were Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora were in upper tree layer, furthermore, it were Pinus thunbergii, Eurya japonica, Prunus sargentii, Celtis sinensis, Morus bombycis, ect. in cannopy tree layer. In shrub layer, the dominant species were Rosa multiflora, Rubus crataegifolius, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, etc. The status of wildbird bird, had been found 42 species 938 individuals, especially, there were Bubo bubo kiautschensis(natural monument No. 324) and Haematopus ostralegus osculans(natural monument No. 326). According to these synthetic results, we are able to classify the 5 types of environment ecology such as the natural coast forest that composed of Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora(Daewa island, Hwanggang island, Naebi island, Oebi island, Tongin island, Yuk island), the field in vegetation area(Kei island), vegetation succession area of fallow field type(Hadon island), vegetation damage area by the forest fire and disturbance elements(Prickly castor-oil tree island), dominant naturalized species grassland by grazing cattle(Sangdon island).

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.30-33
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• 1998

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

This paper provides an outline of mathematics education based on the classroom ecology. Ecology is the subject that concentrates on the relations of human and environment. As mathematics education consists of many factors, it is natural that mathematics education should be interest in the perspective of ecology. This paper examines the meaning of ecology and classroom ecology of mathematics education in the perspective of ecology. And it provides the directions of ecological mathematics education. In special, I set the frame of mathematics classroom in the perspective of ecology. The ecological structure divides microsystem(teacher, student, content), mesosysten(relations of microsystems), exosystem(school), and macrosystem(the objects of mathematics education). Lastly, I suggest the ways of mathematical learning and research of classroom ecology in mathematics education. For we should focus the improvement of students' mathematical ability, we must search for the various teaching and learning methods and the ares of research in the perspective of ecology classroom. Therefore, we should be interested in the classroom environments as well as teaching methods, contents based on the ecology classroom in mathematics education.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2021

This paper explored the digital application of intangible cultural heritage from the perspective of cultural ecology. Through field investigations, combined with cultural ecology theory, an ontology-based semantic web technology was proposed, and Nanjing "Yunjin" brocade weaving technique was selected as the research object. The specific steps were as follows: First, based on the field surveys and cultural ecology theory, the intangible cultural ecological environment was divided into natural and social environments. Next, constructing the intangible cultural heritage ontology was constructed, including the collection and collation of Nanjing Yunjin weaving technique knowledge corpus, based on user needs analysis and corpus analysis, CIDOC CRM was used to create rules to build the ontology. Finally, based on the MediaWiki platform and Semantic MediaWiki, the semantic web model of the intangible cultural heritage was designed, and its semantic retrieval function was realized, thereby achieving the practical application of intangible cultural heritage digitization. Based on the perspective of cultural ecology, a set of intangible digital application models was proposed, which expanded the digital application of the cultural ecology theory, verified the application of this model in the sustainable development of cultural tourism, and provided reference for the sustainable development of cultural tourism.