• 생물정신의학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2001

Objectives : To investigate the effects of (-)-3-PPP(0.5, 2, and 10mg/kg, s.c.) and haloperidol(0.1, 0.5, and 2mg/kg, s.c.) on the extracellular dopamine concentrations, and the effect of pretreatment with (-)-3-PPP(2mg/kg) on the haloperidol(2mg/kg)-induced extracellular dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens(NAS) of free moving rats. Methods : Dopamine levels in dialysate were determined with high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC) with electrochemical detection(ECD). Results : (1)(-)-3-PPP had dual actions depending on the doses: at 2mg/kg, it decreased and at 10mg/kg, increased extracellular dopamine concentrations ; (2) haloperidol at all doses increased dopamine levels with higher dose having a greater increase; and (3) pretreatment of (-)-3-PPP reduced the increase in dopamine levels elicited by acute treatment with haloperidol. Conclusions : These findings suggest that pretreatment of (-)-3-PPP in low dose could accelerate the onset of therapeutic effect of haloperidol by diminishing the haloperidol-induced dopamine release in the limbic system.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 1997년도 제20회 화학물질의 환경독성과 건강영향
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• pp.81-90
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• 1997

위해성평가 방법론이란 환경오염으로 인해 유발될 수 있는 인체의 위해성을 정성또는 정량적으로 추정하여 구체적이고도 과학적으로 평가하고자 하는 방법론으로서, 단순히 환경중 오염도를 위해도(risk)로써 알기 쉽게 수치적으로 제사하는 과정만이 아니라 오염물질의 발생에서부터 인체로의 영향까지를 통계학적, 동성학적, 수학적, 사회정책 및 경제학적 측면 등을 모두 고려하여, 정책 결정자들과 일반대중이 과학적 기반 위에서 합일점을 찾도록 하는데 과학적 근거로 제시될 수 있는 방법론이다. 과거에는 환경오염에 의한 피해의 유무, 즉 인간관계를 규명하는 것이 일차적 관심의 대상이었으나 구체적이고 정량적인 정보를 요구하는 현대 사회에서는 오염피해의 정도와 심각성을 평가하여 주민들에게 알려주어야 하며 어느 정도의 오염수준을 우리 사회에서 받아들일 수 있는가의 판단이 매우 중요한 문제로 떠오르게 되었다. 또한 복잡 다기화 되어 가고 있는 사회현상 속에서 이해관계와 불확실성으로 얽혀 있는 환경문제를 풀어나가기 위해서는 과학적이고 합리적인 방법론이 요구되고 있으며 이러한 방법론들이 환경관리정책의 기본이 되고 있음을 미국등 선진국의 예를 보아 알 수 있다. 위해성 평가의 필요성은 첫째, 환경오염 심화에 따른 인체건강영향에 대한 관심이 증대되었으며 둘째. 사회적 행정적으로 독성정보의 정량화 필요성이 대두되었고, 셋째, 현실성 있는 오염관리와 넷째. 기준치 제정, 제도시행 전후의 비용효과분석이 가능하다는 점들이다. 위해성 평가를 통하여 환경오염의 인체영향에 대한 종합적이고 계량적인 정보가 제공될 수 있어 국민, 정부, 기업 등 각 주체간의 의사 교환이 수월해지고 국민의 신뢰 회복에 기여할 수 있으며 수질 등 오염에 대한 합리적 기준을 제시할 수 있고 이에 따른 공학적 처리기술 목표 설정을 가능케 한다. 본 원고의 환경오염물질의 위해성 평가에 대한 방법론은 주로 미국 환경보호청의 자료 (US EPA, 1993)와 NAS(National Academy of Sciences, 1983), 미국에서 발행되는 정부 지침서 (Federal Register)에 고시된 내용 등을 토대로 하였다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.457-462
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• 2004

N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG)는 보습제로 사용되어지는 히아루론산의 구성물질인 뮤코 다당류의 일종이며, 특히 화장품으로서 응용은 보습제로서의 사용이 최초이다. 본 실험에서는 게나 새우의 껍데기에서 추출된 키틴을 탈아세틸화 하여 얻은 NAG를 화장품 원료로서 적용하고자 하였다. 현재 기능성 주름 원료로 알려진 레티놀(retinol)과 NAG를 비교하기 위하여 섬유아세포의 활성능력 및 콜라겐 생성촉진 효과를 비교 실험하였으며, 제형 내에서의 안정성을 위하여 HPLC로 역가를 측정하였다. 실험결과, 게의 껍질로부터 유도된 NAG는 피부에 자극을 전혀 주지 않으면서 섬유아세포의 세포활성 및 콜라겐의 생성을 촉진시키는 효과를 나타내었으며, 헤어리스 마우스를 대상으로 실험을 실시한 결과 피부층의 변화를 통하여 주름의 감소 효능을 볼 수 있었다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2016

Purpose: The underground air is the warm air discharged from the porous volcano bedrock 30-50m underground in Jeju, including excessive humidity. The temperature of the underground air is $15-20^{\circ}C$ throughout the year. In Jeju, the underground air was used for heating greenhouses by supplying into greenhouses directly. This heating method by supplying the underground air into greenhouses directly had several problems. The study was conducted to develop the heat pump system using underground air as heat source for resolving excessive humidity problem of the underground air, adopting the underground air as a farm supporting project by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs(MAFRA) and saving heating cost for agricultural facilities. Method: 35kW scale(10 RT) heat pump system using underground air installed in a greenhouse of area $330m^2$ in Jeju-Special Self-Governing Province Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Seogwipo-si, Jeju. The inlet and outlet water temperature of the condenser, the evaporator and the thermal storage tank and the underground air temperature and the air temperature in the greenhouse were measured by T type thermocouples. The data were collected and saved in a data logger(MV200, Yokogawa, Japan). Flow rates of water flowing in the condenser, the evaporator and the thermal storage tank were measured by an ultrasonic flow meter(PT868, Panametrics, Norway). The total electric power that consumed by the system was measured by a wattmeter(CW240, Yokogawa, Japan). Heating COP, rejection heat of condenser, extraction heat of evaporator and heating cost were analyzed. Result: The underground air in Jeju was adopted as a farm supporting project by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs(MAFRA) in 2010. From 2011, the heat pump systems using underground air as a heat source were installed in 12 farms(16.3ha) in Jeju.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the level of importance perceived by caregivers of elderly on the education of long term care nursing assistants (LTCNAs) taking care of elders with dementia or stroke. Method: Data was collected from 296 participants (112 families, 98 NAs, and 86 RNs) from October 2006 to February 2007. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Result: The item of 'attitude while caring for the aged' was identified as most important. The family group reported that 'position change' and 'understanding of geriatric diseases' were the most important for education, while LTCNAs, highly identified, 'bathing', and 'bed sheet change'. The RNs group regarded 'position change', and 'bathing' as most important. Institutions demanding LTCNAs' activities were special facilities for elderly care and special hospitals for the aged, and the need was also high in families with an elder incapacitated by illness. Conclusion: Nurses need to take an interest in education for enhancing the quality of LTCNAs and thus advance the quality of nursing care as well as the quality of life for the aged.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2005

연성구조물의 일종인 막구조물은 대공간 구조물을 보다 효과적으로 구축할 수 있다. 연성구조물은, 축강성은 강하고 휨강성이 매우 작은 재료를 주 구조재로 사용하므로 초기강성에 매우 약한 구조체이다. 초기강성을 확보하기 위해서는 초기응력의 도입이 필수적이고, 초기강성을 갖기 전에는 불안정현상을 나타내지만, 초기강성의 도입과 함께 안정상태가 된다. 초기 불안정 구조물에 초기강성을 도입함으로써 야기되는 대변형 현상을 파악하기 위해서는 기하학적 비선형을 고려한 형상해석이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 비선형 해석프로그램인 NASS를 이용하여 해석을 수행한다. 해석모델은 Barrel Vault형 지붕 막구조물을 대상으로 하며, 직교이방성을 고려한 형상해석 및 응력-변형해석을 수행한 후 안정성을 검토한다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.418-425
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• 2017

Interferon-${\gamma}$-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), also known as chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) 10, is closely associated with antiviral immunity and the progression of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, the value of baseline serological and histological IP-10 expression levels in predicting the efficacy of the antiviral response to nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NAs) is still unknown. In our research, intrahepatic and peripheral IP-10 expression levels were systemically examined before and after treatment with entecavir (ETV). Baseline serological and histological IP-10 expression levels were significantly increased in patients with CHB, particularly in patients with higher degrees of liver inflammation and liver fibrosis. Moreover, higher baseline intrahepatic IP-10 levels indicated better prognoses in patients with CHB after entecavir therapy. The baseline IP-10 level was also positively associated with several clinical parameters, including baseline levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and with the decrease in HBsAg levels after treatment. In addition, monocyte-derived IP-10 was expressed at higher levels in patients with CHB than in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and healthy controls (HC). According to the results of our in vitro experiments, IP-10 directly promoted hepatocyte apoptosis. Based on these findings, baseline serological and histological IP-10 levels might predict CHB severity and the decrease in HBsAg levels after entecavir therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1491-1494
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• 2012

Background: Previous studies have pointed to many different prognostic factors for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) but diabetes mellitus (DM) has not been clearly or consistently identified as of prognostic value. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of the characteristics of patients and clinical laboratory tests in SCLC. Specifically, we investigated that the impact of DM for survival in the patients receiving first-line etoposide plus cisplatin (EP) chemotherapy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 161 patients with SCLC with a focus on DM and other potential prognostic variables were chosen for univariate and multivariate analyses with respect to survival. Result: Among the sixteen variables of univariate analysis, five were identified to have prognostic significance: performance status (PS) (p<0.001), stage (p=0.001), DM (p=0.005), serum albumin (p<0.001) and hemoglobin levels (p=0.03). Multivariate analysis showed PS, stage and serum albumin level to be independent prognostic factors for survival (p=0.02, p=0.02 and p=0.009 respectively), but DM was not an independnet factor. Conclusion: In conclusion, PS, stage and serum albumin level were identified as important prognostic factors, while DM at the time of diagnosis of SCLC did not have prognostic importance for survival.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3869-3872
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• 2012

Background: The majority of patients with gastric cancer in developing countries present with advanced disease. Systemic chemotherapy therefore has limited impact on overall survival. Patients eligible for chemotherapy should be selected carefully. The aim of this study was to analyze prognostic factors for survival in advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing first-line palliative chemotherapy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 107 locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer patients who were treated with docetaxel and cisplatin plus fluorouracil (DCF) as first-line treatment between June 2007 and August 2011. Twenty-eight potential prognostic variables were chosen for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Among the 28 variables of univariate analysis, nine variables were identified to have prognostic significance: performance status, histology, location of primary tumor, lung metastasis, peritoneum metastasis, ascites, hemoglobin, albumin, weight loss and bone metastasis. Multivariate analysis by Cox proportional hazard model, including nine prognostic significance factors evident in univariate analysis, revealed weight loss, histology, peritoneum metastasis, ascites and serum hemoglobin level to be independent variables. Conclusion: Performance status, weight loss, histology, peritoneum metastasis, ascites and serum hemoglobin level were identified as important prognostic factors in advanced gastric cancer patients. These findings may facilitate pretreatment prediction of survival and can be used for selecting patients for treatment.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.85-85
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• 2017

Potato is important carbohydrate source over the world in that revealing high productivity per the unit area, and their cultivation area is estimated to be increased to cope with a scarcity of food according to the population increase. Major cultivated species of potato is Solanum tuberosum (2n = 4x = 48) and regarded as being originated in Andes region of South America. The diverse potato genetic resources has been collected and perserved in Highland Agricultural Research Institute (NICS, RDA), and the genetic materials as DNA stock is conserved in National Agrobiodiversity Center(NAS, RDA). The understanding of genetic constitution of conserved diversity is the basis for the germplam management and further utilization. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity of potato germplasm(479 accessions) using 24 microsatellite markers which have been internationally used for fingerprinting of potato accession. The allele number and polymorphic information content (PIC) of total accessions per locus was ranged from 2 to 18 (mean = 8.2) and from 0.214 to 0.771 (mean = 0.595), respectively. Especially, the accession originated from Korea revealed average allele number of 6.0 (2 - 11) and average PIC value of 0.58 (0.193 - 0.763). Three groups were deduced by phylogenic analysis (Group-1, -2, -3); Korean accessions showed close genetic similarity to Japanese and USA accessions, and Korean landraces were mainly included in Group-3. We try to elaborate the genetic diversity analysis of conserved potato germplasm by acquiring more genotypes using applicable molecular markers.