• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 1993.10a
• /
• pp.637-647
• /
• 1993

Over 40 per cent Indian population needs to be attended for nutritional improvement. Traditional nutritious food resources though abundantly available but presently less used, if incorporated in the diets, can yield low-cost nutritionally balanced diets. The linear programming (LP)model was used for optimization of food resources to satisfy protein -energy requirements of hard working rural poor. Soybean-a highly nutritious food legume-available at reasonably low price was included along with chick -pea and pigeon -pea for comparison .The three cereals predominantly used in Indian diets -rice, wheat and sorghum -and three typical leafy vegetables namely, spinach , drumstick leaves and rajagira (Amaranths paniculantus) leaves were used for optimization . The contribution of food legume was restricted to supply only 50 per cent of daily protein requirement for maximum protein value. The quantities of other food stuffs namely , milk , sugar , tubers etc. were restricted to nati nal per capita availability. the nutrition satisfaction levels in per cent RDA by the model are 149-250 for protein , 51-106 for fat, 134-362 for iron an d143-1158 for Vitamin-A. Quantities of food legumes, cereals and leafy vegetables ranged from 289-601, 3000-3700 and 360-1200 g/day respectively for a reference family of five hard working rural poor. Daily food resources cost ranged from US$ 0.6 to 1.0 for the family. Amongst food legumes, soybean based diet combinations provide maximum nutritional benefits at minimum cost indicating its suitability for wider adoption by hard working poor.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.72-79
• /
• 2021

Background and Objectives: The speech-in-noise test is typically performed using an audiometer. The results of the digit-in-noise recognition (DIN) test may be influenced by the flat frequency response of free-field audiometry and frequency of the hearing aid fit based on fitting rationale. This study aims to investigate the DIN test in unaided and aided conditions. Subjects and Methods: Thirty four adults with moderate and severe sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) participated in the study. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for 50% of the DIN test was obtained in the following two conditions: 1) the unaided condition, performed using an audiometer in a free field; and 2) aided condition, performed using a hearing aid with an unvented individual earmold that was fitted based on NAL-NL2. Results: There was a statistically significant elevation in the mean SNR for the severe SNHL group in both test conditions when compared with that of the moderate SNHL group. In both groups, the SNR for the aided condition was significantly lower than that of the unaided condition. Conclusions: Speech recognition in hearing-impaired patients can be realized by fitting hearing aids based on evidence-based fitting rationale rather than by measuring it using free-field audiometry measurement that is utilized in a routine clinic setup.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.3-14
• /
• 1986

A stud has been carried out for figuring out real photon spectrum from an observed gamma-ray spectrum by means of response matrix method, which is known one of the relatively convenient method for the estimation of exposure rate of a complex gamma ray field in comparison with graphical analysis and least square fitting of the measured spectrum. A 3'${\times}$3' cylindrical Nal(T1) scintillation detector in association with multichannel pulse height analyzer and six reference gamma ray sources covering the photon energy range of 0.05 to 2.0 MeV were used. In dividing the energy region for the construction of response matrix, two different approaches were attempted. One is dividing the entire energy region of interest into 20 bins, one of which corresponds to a width of 0.1 MeV to form $20{\times}20$ matrix, and another is dividing the 2 MeV region into 14 bins to form $14{\times}14$ matrix consists of $0.1(MeV)^{1/2}$ intervals assuming the resolution of the detector is dependent on square root of the incident photon energy. Inversion of thus constructed matrices was performed by a computor(P-E8/32) using the program attached to the end of this paper. The resultant exposure rates obtained by this method were in good agreement, within 10% with those calculated by ordinary formula widely used for a gamma-ray field of known energy and flux. It is concluded that the photen flux obtained by the response matrix constructed under the assumption of $E^{1/2}$ dependence is more realistic than that obtained by the matrix consist of identical energy bins in dosimetrical point of view.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.82-93
• /
• 2000

Purpose: We characterized the signals obtained from the components of a small gamma camera using Nal(Tl)-position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT) and optimized the parameters employed in the modules of the system. Materials and Methods: The small gamma camera system consists of a Nal(Tl) crystal ($60{\times}60{\times}6mm^3$) coupled with a Hamamatsu R3941 PSPMT, a resister chain circuit, preamplifiers, nuclear instrument modules (NIMs), an analog to digital converter and a personal computer for control and display. The PSPMT was read out using a resistive charge division circuit which multiplexes the 34 cross wire anode channels into 4 signals (X+, X-, Y+, Y -). Those signals were individually amplified by four preamplifiers and then, shaped and amplified by amplifiers. The signals were discriminated and digitized via triggering signal and used to localize the position of an event by applying the Anger logic. The gamma camera control and image display was performed by a program implemented using a graphic software. Results: The characteristics of signal and the parameters employed in each module of the system were presented. The intrinsic sensitivity of the system was approximately $8{\times}10^3$ counts/sec/${\mu}Ci$. The intrinsic energy resolution of the system was 18% FWHM at 140 keV. The spatial resolution obtained using a line-slit mask and $^{99m}Tc$ point source were, respectively, 2.2 and 2.3 mm FWHM in X and Y directions. Breast phantom containing $2{\sim}7mm$ diameter spheres was successfully imaged with a parallel hole collimator. The image displayed accurate size and activity distribution over the imaging field of view Conclusion: We proposed a simple method for development of a small gamma camera and presented the characteristics of the signals from the system and the optimized parameters used in the modules of the small gamma camera.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.82-90
• /
• 1999

In order to eventually fabricate an analytical system for infectious microorganisms, we synthesized major immunochemical components, utilized them for the construction of model system, and investigated an assay concept for bacterial whole cells. For the preparation of system components, a polyclonal antibody, against Salmonella thompson as model analyte, purified by immuno-affinity chromatography was used to chemically link to streptavidin or an enzyme, horseradish peroxidase(HRP). The antibody and streptavidin was modified with sulfosuccinimidyl 4-[N-maleimidomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylate and N-succinimidyl-3-[2-pyridyldithio]propionate(subsequently activated by dithiotheritol), respectively. The modified components were reacted to synthesize antibody-streptavidin conjugates which were then purified on a two-layer chromatography column of diaminobiotin gel and Sephadex G-100. For antibody-HRP conjugates, HRP molecules were activated by $NalO_4$ oxidation and then coupled to immunoglobulin. After stabilizing with ($NaCNBH_3$, the conjugates were purified by size exclusion chromatography on Biogel A5M column. To devise a model system, such produced components were combined with a dot-blotter in which a nitrocellulose membrane($12{\mu}m$ pre size) with immobilized biotin was already located. The analyte (S. thompson cells) was reacted with the both antibody conjugates in a liquid phase, and the complexes formed were captured on the membrane surfaces by applying vacuum in the bottom compartment of the blotter to invoke biotin-streptavidin reaction. Under optimal conditions, the system enabled to identify the analytical concept for bacterial whole cells, and the lower limit of detection was approximately $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$($10^5-10^6$ cells/m$m{\ell}$). The controlling factors were the concentrations of each antibody conjugate that caused agglutination in the presence of analyte as they increased.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.233-238
• /
• 1997

A small coastal village of Muan-gun, Chollanam-do, was surveyed for intesti- nal fluke infections, especially heterophyids such as Heterophwes nocens and Ftsiniopsis summc by fecal examination on 108 inhabitants. The egg Positive rate of heterophyids was very high. 75.0%, and that of other parasites was comparatively low.0.9-3.7% by parasite species . After treatment of 20 patients showing high E. P. G. with praziquantel and purging with Mgs04, total 3,864 specimens of H. nocens were collected from the diarrheic stools of all the patients treated (3-1,338 individuallyl and total 703 p. summc were harvested from 18 patients (1-170 individually), together loth several other species of flukes. Other flukes included Stictodora jlscotn (164 specimens from 4 patients), Heterophwopsis continuo (2 from 2 patients), and Gwmnophalloides seoi (4 from 3 patients). From this study, the sutra- veyed coastal area of Muan-gun, Chollanam-do was proven to be a new endemic focus of H. nocens and p. summa. The occurrence of a few infected cases surf:mists that this area should also be a low-grade endemic area of S. Juscctc, H. continuo, and G. seoi.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.15-67
• /
• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study is to identify the trends of vibration(or wave) therapy in Korea, to actively utilize vibration(or wave) therapy, and to help research activities of vibration therapy in Korean Medicine. Methods : The following Korean words "진동기", "진동요법", "진동운동", "진동치료", "파동요법", "파동운동", "파동치료" were searched on three specialized search sites (RISS, NAL, DBpia). Trends of vibration therapy were analyzed through the selected researches suitable for this study among these searched researches in an overview format. Results : 1. A total of 8,116 studies were searched and a total of 365 studies were finally selected 2. From 2000 to 2019, when research began to increase in earnest, there were 17.45±10.28 studies per year, and the AGR(Average Annual Growth Rate) was 11.92%. 3. In the main field of research, the 'Medicine and Pharmacy' was the largest with 147(40.16%) studies. In the Middle Field, the 'Kinesiology' was the largest with 99(27.05%) studies. In the study design, 'RCT(Randomized Controlled trial)' was the largest with 138(47.75%) studies. In the Age Group, 'Youth' was the largest with 126(48.84%) studies. 4. The average of the number of participants was 24.90±17.44. 5. The most used Intervention was the 'WBV(Whole Body Vibration)' with 177(61.25%) studies. 6. The average of Intervention Period was 5.99±4.14 weeks, while the maximum was 36 weeks. 7. The journal that published the most research papers is 'K. J. of Sports Science(체육과학연구;13)', and the society is 'Rehabilitation Engineering And Assistive Technology Society of Korea(한국재활복지공학회; 14)'. The University that published the most dissertations is 'Sahmyook University(11)'. 8. The authors who published the most studies are Ju-Hwan O(8) as the main author and Tae Kyu Kwon(18) as the co-author (including the thesis Director). In an integrated analysis of the authors and co-authors, Tae Kyu Kwon published the most numerous studies(19) Conclusions : 1. The study of vibration or wave therapy has been increasing noticeably every year. 2. The major academic Fields studying vibration or wave therapy are the 'Kinesiologic Field', 'Physical Therapy Field', and 'Biomedical Engineering Field'. 3. The most chosen method of study design on vibration or wave treatment was 'RCT', and there was no significant change in the annual presentation rate. 4. Types of vibration or wave therapy could be classified as 'LVS(Local Vibration Stimulation)', 'WBV(Whole Body Vibration)', 'MV(Micro Vibration)', 'BV(Bio Vibration)' and 'SWV(Sound Wave Vibration)', and the study on Whole Body Vibration is most active. 5. Most of the studies of vibration or wave therapy were on musculoskeletal systems, but there were very few studies on internal diseases.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.45 no.11
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2008

H.264(or MPEG-4/AVC pt.10) is a high performance video coding standard, and is widely used. Variable length code (VLC) of the H.264 standard compresses data using the statistical distribution of values. A decoder parses the compressed bit stream and searches decoded values in lookup tables, and the decoding process is not easy to implement by hardware. We propose an architecture of variable length decoder(VLD) for the H.264 baseline profile(BP) L4. The CAVLD decodes syntax elements using the combination of arithmetic units and lookup tables for the optimized hardware architecture. A barral shifter and a first 1's detector parse NAL bit stream, and are shared by Exp-Golomb decoder and CAVLD. A FIFO memory between CAVLD and the reorder unit and a buffer at the output of the reorder unit eliminate the bottleneck of data stream. The proposed VLD is designed using Verilog-HDL and is implemented using an FPGA. The synthesis result using a 0.18um standard CMOS technology shows that the gate count is 22,604 and the decoder can process HD($1920{\times}1080$) video at 120MHz.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.246-250
• /
• 1994

This study carried out to induce plant regeneration and callus formation from leaflet in MS medium with 2.4-D, NAL and IAA for in vitro growth of tuber, Kinetin and BA were used for plant regeneration. $NH_4NO_3$ and $KNO_3$ as a nitrogen source and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, as a sulfate source were tested for in vitro growth of tuber. The resutls ars as fellows : 1. For the callus formation from leaflet and differentiation potency of organ, 2.4-D was more effective than IAA in MS medium under $26^{\circ}C$ and light condition of 8 hours a day. 2. For the plant regeneration from callus, MS medium with $2.0\;mg/{\ell}$ BA was most effective under $26^{\circ}C$ and light condition of $16{\sim}24$ hours a day. 3. For the in vitro growth of tuber, $KNO_3$ by $3.0g/{\ell}$ in MS medium was effective. This condition enhanced the growth of tuber 2.5 times compared with that in MS medium with $2.0\;mg/{\ell}$ BA.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this meta-analysis study was to examine the relationship between cognitive anxiety and performance in closed loop skill sports. Methods : A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases including Korean Information Service System, DBpia, Research Information Sharing Service, and National Assembly Library from 1980 to 2015. Search terms included 'Golf', 'Shooting', 'Archery', 'Anxiety', and 'Performance'. Standardized mean difference and 95% CI(confidence intervals) were calculated, and the heterogeneity of the studies was estimated using Q statistic. Results : Ten studies have satisfied the inclusion criteria. The main findings indicate that cognitive anxiety was significantly reverse correlated with performance in closed loop skill sports(r=-.198). The mean effect size for men(r=-.31) was significantly greater than that for women(r=-.05). Conclusions : Our results suggest that cognitive anxiety in closed loop skill sports is correlated with performance of athletes. Future study related to psychological aspects on athletes in sports is required in order to understand the specific evidence of relationship between anxiety and performance.