• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1449-1454
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• 2012

The ion selective microelectrodes (ISME) have been applied to observe the continuous profiles of NO3-N and NH4-N in bulk solutions or biofilms. In order to evaluate the performance and applicability of ion concentration measuring system, the characteristics, such as slope of calibration curve, detection limit and potentiometric selectivity coefficient were investigated. The slopes of calibration curve showed high degree of correspondence for each target ion concentrations. And the detection limits of nitrate and ammonia ion selective microelectrode were 10-4.7 M and 10-4.4 M, respectively. These ion selective microelectrodes were proved that their own performance could be maintained for 16 days after making. NO3-N and NH4-N selective microelectrodes were also adapted to detect the continuous ion profiles of cilia media packed MLE (Modified Ludzack-Ettinger) process. And the monitored nitrate and ammonia ion profiles with the ion selective microelectrode were stable and well corresponded to the results with conventional ion chromatograph. However, the electric potential was unstable until 8 hr because of the unknown noise. The tip shape and performance of the ion selective microelectrode was stably kept over 2 days continuous monitoring.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 1989

Throughout this paper, X will always denote a Banach space over the complex numbers C, and L(X) will denote the Banach algebra of all continuous linear operators on X. Operator will always mean continuous linear operator. An n-tuple of operators T$_{1}$,..,T$_{n}$ on X will be denoted by over ^ T=(T$_{1}$,..,T$_{n}$ ). Let L$^{n}$ (X) be the set of all n-tuples of operators on X. X' will denote the dual space of X, S(X) its unit sphere and .PI.(X) the subset of X*X' defined by .PI.(X)={(x,f).mem.X*X': ∥x∥=∥f∥=f(x)=1}.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.467-473
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• 2005

액상의 아산화질소($N_2O$) 혼합물은 주요 불순물로써 공기, 일산화탄소, 수분, 이산화탄소와 NOx 성분을 포함하고 있다. 저온에서 고체화하여 고 순도의 $N_2O$를 얻어내는 것은 위험하다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 연속식 증류공정에 기초하여 고 순도의 $N_2O$ 제품을 얻어내는 새로운 방법을 소개하였다. 99.999％ 이상의 고 순도의 $N_2O$ 제품을 얻어낼 수 있는 연속식 증류공정을 모델화하기 위하여 intalox wire guaze 타입의 SCH-80S의 충진탑을 사용하였다. Peng-Robinson 상태방정식을 사용하여 연속식 증류탑과 냉동 사이클을 모사하였다. 본 연구에서 수행한 전산모사 결과는 상용성 화학공정모사기인 Aspen Plus로 모사한 결과와 매우 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.641-649
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• 2016

A linear functional T on a $Fr{\acute{e}}echet$ algebra (A, (pn)) is called almost multiplicative with respect to the sequence ($p_n$), if there exists ${\varepsilon}{\geq}0$ such that ${\mid}Tab-TaTb{\mid}{\leq}{\varepsilon}p_n(a)p_n(b)$ for all $n{\in}\mathbb{N}$ and for every $a,b{\in}A$. We show that an almost multiplicative linear functional on a $Fr{\acute{e}}echet$ algebra is either multiplicative or it is continuous, and hence every almost multiplicative linear functional on a functionally continuous $Fr{\acute{e}}echet$ algebra is continuous.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.1199-1210
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• 2017

A new in-line method for sampling neutrons emitted in (${\alpha}$,n) reactions based on alpha particle source information has been developed for continuous-energy Monte Carlo simulations. The new method uses a continuous-slowing-down model coupled with (${\alpha}$,n) cross section data to precompute the expected neutron yield over the alpha particle lifetime. This eliminates the complexity and computational cost associated with explicit charged particle transport. When combined with an integrated alpha particle decay source sampling capability, the proposed method provides an efficient and accurate method for sampling (${\alpha}$,n) neutrons based solely on nuclide inventories in the problem, with no additional user input required. Results from several example calculations show that the proposed method reproduces the (${\alpha}$,n) neutron yields and energy spectra from reference experiments and calculations.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.374-379
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• 1996

Background: Recently, improvements in drug administration technology have intensified interest in the treatment of postoperative pain. this has resulted in increased use of continuous intravenous infusion of opioid and epidural opioid as alternative to traditional intramuscular administration of opioid. The goal of this study, therefore, was to document the effects of pain control and side effects following continuous intravenous infusion of morphine or meperidine and intramuscular meperidine following cesarean section. Methods: The vital signs, pain score, oxygen saturation and side effects were compared in 150 patients receiving continuous intravenous infusion of morphine, 30 ${\mu}g/kg/hr$ (n=50, group 1); continuous intravenous infusion of meperidine, 150 ${\mu}g/kg/hr$ (n=50, group 2); or intramuscular meperidine, 50mg/every 6hrs (n=50, group 3). Results: VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) was significantly decreased after 30 minutes of administration in all three groups and was significantly lower at 1 hour, but higher at 6 hours in group 3 than two other groups. Severe desaturation episode, defined as $SpO_2$<90%, occurred in the group 3(0.2%). Moderate desaturation episodes, defined as $SpO_2$ 91~95%, occurred more in group 3 than in group 1 and 2 (17.4% vs. 10.4%, 8.2%). The incidence of side effects were similar among three groups. Conclusion: The continuous infusion of opioid was more effective and safe method of postoperative pain control than traditional intramuscular injection.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 1994

The analgesic efficacy and side-effects of combined continuous epidural infusion of bupivacaine and morphine, in comparison with intramuscular (IM) administration of narcotics, for postoperative pain relief after cesarean section and hysterectomy were evaluated. We divided 60 patients into 4 groups randomly. IM (meperidine) group after cesarean section (Group 1, n = 20); Continuous epidural group after cesarean section (Group 2, n=20); IM (meperidine) group after hysterectomy (Group 3, n=10); Continuous epidural group after hysterectomy (Group 4, n=10). Following each operation, the epidural groups had an epidural catheter placed ($L_{2{\sim}3}$ or $L_{3{\sim}4}$), and a bolus of 1.5mg of morphine was injected, and followed by continuous infusion of 0.3% bupivacaine 2ml/hour and morphine 2.5mg/day for 48 hours. The IM groups had received meperidine 50mg IM injection every 4 hours as needed. We evaluated analgesic efficacy with VAS (visual analogue scale) at 1, 2, 24, 48, and 72 hours after operation. The side-effects (nausea &, vomiting, respiratory depression, pruritus and urinary retention) were evaluated with 4 points scale at day 1, 2, and 3 after operation. The results were as follows 1) The continuous epidural (bupivacaine+morphine) groups were superior to the IM (meperidine) groups with respect to postoperative analgesia at 1, 2, and 24 hours after cesarean section, and at 1, 2, 24, and 48 hours after hysterectomy. 2) Vomiting were more frequent in the epidural groups 2 days after cesarean section. 3) Pruritus was more frequent in the epidural groups 1 and 2 days after cesarean section.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.675-680
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• 2002

Since N. Levin [1] in 1961 defined the weakly continuous function, there is a lot of weakened forms of continuous function. In this paper we consider two forms of the weakened form of continuous function and study the some properties of them.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.573-582
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• 1995

J.Milnor[Mi2] has introduced the notion of directional entropy in his study of Cellular Automata. Cellular Automaton map can be considered as a continuous map from a space $K^Z^n$ to itself which commute with the translation of the lattice $Z^n$. Since the space $K^Z^n$ is compact, map S is uniformly continuous. Hence S is a block map(a finite code)[He]. (S is said to have a finite memory.) In the case of n = 1, we have a shift map, T on $K^Z$, and a block map S and they together generate a $Z^2$ action.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.323-338
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• 2011

In this paper, we introduce ($$\tilde{g}$$, s)-continuous functions between topological spaces, study some of its basic properties and discuss its relationships with other topological functions.