• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.165-166
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• 2014

The Composite waterproofing began to rise gradually 2000s in domestic. However, the sheet-membrane composite waterproofing method also acts as an abutment vulnerability that was a problem in a single method, and had the problem of damage to the formation of leakage paths. The existing non-overlap method, through vigorous research abutting sheet shall or could be developed to improve the seal performance of this method with the I-type joint coating material. Nevertheless, it has an integral top coat paint membrane and a sheet abutment limitation, damage to the upper membrane is damaged junction coating membranes has been generated. In this study, a method that has a layer of insulation on the joint bond breaker concept development, and to determine the physical properties with insulated joints to determine the breaking off of the upper joint is damaged coating membrane and tensile performance.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.310-319
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• 2016

Limitation of a questionnaire survey which is widely used is time and money, limited numbers of participants, biased confidence interval and unreliable results. To overcome these, we performed tendency and network analysis of diet using big Data in Koreans. The keyword on diet were collected from the portal site Naver from January 1, 2015 until December 31, 2015 and collected data were analyzed by simple frequency analysis, N-gram analysis, keyword network analysis and seasonality analysis. The results showed that diet menu appeared most frequently by N-gram analysis, even though exercise had the highest frequency by simple frequency analysis. In addition, keyword network analysis were categorized into four groups: diet group, exercise group, commercial diet program company group and commercial diet food group. The analysis of seasonality showed that subjects' interests in diet had increased steadily since February, 2015, although subjects were most interested indiet in July, these results suggest that the best strategies for weight loss are based on diet menu and starting diet before July. As people are especially sensitive to diet trends, researches are needed about annual analysis of big data.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 2003

The ars gene of the Neurospora crassa encodes arylsulfatase and is expressed under sulfur limitation. An ars-1 promoter(Pars) translationally-fused to a lacZ gene was transformed into the N. crassa RLM 35-35, a his-3 inl strain and integrated into the his-S locus by a single crossover homologous recombination. $\beta$-galactosidase specific activity was measured from mycelia grown in sulfur-limited Vogel's medium. Enzyme activity reached its maximum at 14 hour after the shift to derepressing condition. When activity from homokaryon generated by microconidiation was measured, it was 17% a higher than that from heterokaryon.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.737-754
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• 2022

Ischemic and reperfusion injuries of the heart underlie the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and sudden cardiac death. The mortality rate is still high and is 5-7% in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The review is devoted to pharmacological approaches to limitation of ischemic and reperfusion injuries of the heart. The article analyzes experimental evidence and the clinical data on the effects of P2Y₁₂ receptor antagonists on the heart's tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion in animals with coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion and also in patients with AMI. Chronic administration of ticagrelor prevented adverse remodeling of the heart. There is evidence that sphingosine-1-phosphate is the molecule that mediates the infarct-reducing effect of P2Y₁₂ receptor antagonists. It was discussed a role of adenosine in the cardioprotective effect of ticagrelor.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.85-98
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• 2007

Objectives : Standardization and clear description of locating acupuncture points guarantees reproducibility and credibility of the results in animal studies of acupuncture points and meridians. In this study, we aimed at analyzing the acupoint description of the previous experimental studies and suggesting guidelines for related journals. Methods : We searched animal studies where acupuncture points were used in Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society and Journal of Meridian & Acupoint with a limitation of period, from 2002 to 2006. Data on experimental animals, acupuncture points and their descriptions were extracted and put in a predefined form. They were classified as one of the 4 classes; A) descriptions of the acupuncture points present, B) no description of the acupuncture points and only reference provided, C) neither description of the acupuncture points nor reference provided, or D) acupuncture point detector used. Two authors independently extracted and classified the data and the disagreements were resolved by discussion. Experts were invited to rate acupuncture point description validity on a numeric rating scale in the 11-item questionnaire. Results : Two hundred and five studies were identified and classified as follows; A) 32.2% (n=66), B) 7.8% (n=16), C) 51.2% (n=105), and D) 8.8% (n=18). Experts ratings were significantly lower for class C (mean${\pm}$SD, 2.14${\pm}$1.35, 95% CI [1.90, 2.39], P = 0.004 compared with class B, P ${\leq}$ 0.001 compared with class A or C) and no difference was found between classes A, B, and D. Conclusions : Reporting of acupuncture points in experimental animals is poor and validity and reliability of the result from such reporting is hampered. We suggest that journal editors and experts provide guidelines for reporting animal acupuncture points and adopt them into guide for authors for related journals.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 1997

The management of post-thoracotomy pain is on of the difficult clinical problems. A variety of pain management methods have been used with variable efficacy. We compared the effect of acupuncture with the effect of analgesics for the post-thoracotomy pain control. From March 1995 to September 1995, 20 patients who underwent elective thoracotomy were randomized into two groups. The patients were treated with analgesics in control group(n=10) and acupuncture in the other group(n: 10). Postoperative analgesic effects were evaluated by the scoring system which was made by the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Medical Center. No significant difference was observed between two groups concerning the subjective pain and limitation of motion of operated side. Although the number of analgesic requirement was reduced significantly in the acupuncture group(P < 0.05). We conclude that acupuncture is an effective method to control post-thoracotomy pain and it is safer than the analgesics bacause of its lower side effects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.591-596
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• 1994

Chemical composition and nutritive values of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silages subjected to two cutting intervals were studies; 1st harvest in July (A), and 2nd (B) and 1st (C) harvests in November. Each forage was ensiled with 4% molasses in plastic bags and stored for 5 or 9 months. A feeding experiment with castrated goats was conducted from April to June of the following year. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) content of the harvests varied from 9.5 to 22.8% and 6.6 to 13.6% of DM, respectively. The dry matter content of the silages fed to the goats were 13.0 to 24.4%, because some effluent was removed from each silage before the feeding trial. The pH values of the silages were between 4.03 and 4.29. Goats were given sufficient silage to meet maintenance nitrogen requirements from napier grass silage. Silage C was not completely consumed, and the silage had low digestibilities of DM, CP, hemicellulose and cellulose. Nitrogen balance was slightly positive for goats consuming silage B and was negative for goats consuming silages A and C. Nitrogen utilization was discussed in terms of ruminal $NH_3-N$ and volatile fatty acid concentration in the rumen fluids. It is concluded that goats could not maintain N-equilibrium not only when a younger forage was consumed at a level of N requirement by a restricted feeding, but also when an older forage could not be consumed enough for N requirement because of feed intake limitation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.15-25
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• 2018

Estimating the reference evapotranspiration is an important factor to consider in irrigation system design and agricultural water use. However, there is a limitation in using the FAO Penman-Monteith (FAO P-M) equation, which requires various meteorological data. The purpose of this study is to compare three reference evapotranspiration (ETo) equations in the case of meteorological data missing for 11 study weather stations. Firstly, the FAO P-M equation is used for reference potential evapotranspiration estimation with the actual solar radiation data $R_n$ and the actual vapor pressure $e_a$. Then, in the case of $R_n$, and $e_a$ are missed, the reference evapotranspirations applying FAO P-M, Priestley-Taylor (P-T), Hargreaves (HG) equation were calculated using other meteorological factors. Secondly, MAE, RMSE, $R^2$ were calculated to compare ETo relationship from the ETo equations. From the results, ETo with Hargreaves equation in coastal areas and the Priestley-Taylor equation in the inland areas showed relatively high correlation with FAO P-M when $e_a$ data is missed. In the case of $R_n$ data is missed or two weather data, $e_a$, and $R_n$ data are all missed, $R^2$ value in Priestley-Taylor equation was highest in coastal areas, and $R^2$ values in Hargreaves equation were the high values for 7 inland areas. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that net radiation was the most sensitive for P-T and HG equation, and for FAO P-M, the most sensitive factor was net radiation and relative humidity, air temperature and wind speed were follows. Therefore, in considering of the accessibility to the coast, the types of the missing wether data, and the correlation and the magnitude of error, the reference evapotranspiration equations would be selected in sense of different conditions.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2020

Blockchain can control transactions in a decentralized way and is already being considered for manufacturing, finance, banking, logistics, and medical industries due to its advantages such as transparency, security, and flexibility. And it is predicted to have a great economic effect. However, Blockchain has a Trilemma that is difficult to simultaneously improve scalability, decentralization and security characteristics. Among them, the biggest limitation of blockchain is scalability, which is very difficult to cope with the constantly increasing number of transactions and nodes. To make the blockchain scalable, higher performance should be achieved by modifying existing consensus methods or by improving the characteristics and network efficiency that affect many ways of scaling. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a cluster-based scalable PBFT consensus algorithm called CBS-PBFT which reduces the message complexity O(n²) of PBFT to O(n), which is a representative consensus algorithm of blockchain, and the validity is verified through simulation experiments.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.260-265
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• 2014

Background: To evaluate the results of conventional radiofrequency thermorhizotomy (CRT) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) in patients with failed medical management. Methods: Patients with Trigeminal neuralgia who were referred to us for 'limited intervention' during the time frame July-2011 to Jan-2013 were enrolled for this study. CRT was administered by the Sweet technique. Pain relief was evaluated by the principle investigator. Results: Eighteen patients were enrolled and completed a mean follow-up of 18.0 months. Pain relief was observed in 14 of 18 (77.8%) patients on the post-operative day, 14 of 18 (77.8%) at 1-month follow-up, 14 of 17 (82.4%) at 3-months follow-up, 12 of 15 (80%) at 6-months follow-up, 7 of 11 (63.6%) at 1-year follow-up and 2 of 6 (33.3%) 1.5 years of follow-up. Four patients required a repeat cycle of CRT; two at six months of follow-up and two at one year of follow-up. One patient was transferred for surgical intervention at six months of follow-up. Side-effects included facial hypoesthesia (n = 6); nausea/vomiting (n = 2), diminished corneal reflex (n = 13) and difficulty in chewing (n = 11). Severity of adverse effects gradually diminished and none of the patients who are beyond 6 months of follow-up have any functional limitation. Conclusions: CRT is an effective method of pain relief for patients with Trigeminal neuralgia. Successful outcome (excellent or good) can be expected in 66.7% of patients after first cycle of CRF. The incidence and severity of adverse effects is less and the procedure is better tolerated by the patients.