• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.258-265
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• 2023

After application of veterinary antibiotics, they may be partially metabolized before they are excreted by feces or urine either as unaltered form or as metabolites. Residual antibiotics enter the adjacent agricultural environments by spraying manure-based compost and liquid fertilizer on farmlands and lead to secondary pollution. The objective of this study was to compare the residual concentrations of 6 veterinary antibiotics by different production stages of liquid fertilizer from livestock manure recycling facilities. The relationship between concentration change of the residual antibiotics and the amount of liquid fertilizer component was also assessed. Pre-treatment showed the recovery of 63.4-106.7% at ppb level and the limit of quantification of 0.009-0.037 ㎍/L.As the result of analyzing the relationship between the residual concentrations of antibiotics and the amount of N component in liquid fertilizer by different production stages, the residual concentrations of antibiotics and N tended to decrease as the stabilization period elapsed during the liquid fertilization process. Average concentrations of sulfamethazine in raw materials, middle and final products of liquid fertilizer were 40.85, 26.17, 3.54 ㎍/L, respectively. Those of chlortetracycline decreased from 2.32 to 1.25 ㎍/L. The other 4 antibiotics also showed a decreasing trend by different production stages of liquid fertilizer. The amount of liquid fertilizer component N decreased from 0.21 to 0.096% by production stages of liquid fertilizer. It is considered that the correlation between residual antibiotic concentrations and N content can be applied as basic data for setting antibiotic reduction indicators.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2008

The application in agricultural fields of pig slurry composting biofiltraton amending smell and nutrient unevenness, it is important for the appropriate nitrogen nutrient management to promote the availability of the crops and to minimize the risk of adversely environmental effects. The objective of this study was to determine the application rates of the preplant pig slurry composting biofiltration for red pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) by considering the yield response and the fruit quality such as sugar, capsaicinoid content. Red peppers were grown on plastic film ground under five different pig slurry(PS) application rates and mineral fertilizer(MF 100%) as a control. The effects of a single application of five different doses of PS: PS 0%(no kg N $ha^{-1}$), PS 50%(51.5 kg N $ha^{-1}$), PS 75%(77.3 kg N $ha^{-1}$), PS 100%(103 kg N $ha^{-1}$) and PS 125%(129 kg N $ha^{-1}$) were compared with the recommended mineral treatment(103 kg N $ha^{-1}$) in the pre-planting. The sidedressing N application(87 kg N $ha^{-1}$) was applied to the mineral fertilizer in all treatments. Red peppers were harvested at the mature red stage through five times from 72 days after transplanting(DAT) to 133 DAT. The results indicated that the yield of red pepper was increased with the increase of the N application rates from PS 0% to PS 100%. The highest yield was obtained in PS 100% by 20,843 kg $ha^{-1}$, although there were no significant differences in yield among PS 100, PS 125% and MF 100%. In addition, The contents of soluble sugar and capsaicinoids were not significantly different in all treatments. Accordingly, fertilization recommendations of red pepper to substitute PS for the mineral fertilizer were considered to PS 100%.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2007

Objective of this research was to investigate the effect of nitrogen concentrations in the fertilizer solution on growth and development of nutrient deficiency in leaf perilla (Perilla frutesens). The nutrient concentrations in above-ground plant tissue, petiole sap and soil solution of root media were also determined. Nitrogen deficiency resulted in dwarfed growth, small leaves, and bright yellow color of older leaves. The leaves of deficient plants became uniform yellowing in color and finally necrosis occurred on the deficient leaves. Elevation of N concentrations in the fertigation solution from 0 to 20 mM increased the crop growth in leaf length and width as well as fresh and dry weights of above ground plant tissue. That also resulted in the increase of chlorophyll contents. However, light toxicity symptoms such as abnormal leaf surface appeared on crops grown in 20 mM N fertilization. The plant growth was commercially acceptable in the treatments of 10 and 15 mM N. The plants with acceptable growth had 0.9 to 1.25% in N contents of above-ground plant tissue, 800 to $3,300mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in the $NO_3-N$ concentrations of petiole sap, and 28.7 to $47.3mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in the $NO_3-N$ concentrations of soil solution (1:2 extract) at 75 days after transplanting.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.485-490
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the plant growth of various foliage plants affected by the amount of nitrogen application. There was not an accurate criterion for fertilization to each foliage plant. Moreover, the foliage plants grow slowly during the early stage and this period must be shortened for commercial production. Ficus benjamina, Hedera helix, Philodendron tatei, Rhapis excelsa, and Spathiphyllum spp. were used in this experiment. Nutrient nitrogen concentrations were 120, 150, 180, and $210mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ (N1, N2, N3, N4) and they were based on the Sonneveld solution. Plant height and width, leaf number, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of shoots were measured for 8 weeks to compare the responses to the different treatments. The nitrogen contents of various plant parts were also analyzed. The growth of Ficus and Hedera was improved at the N1 treatment and that of Philodendron, Rhapis and Spathiphyllum at N4 treatment. The required amounts for nitrogen nutrients were different among the various foliage plants. The nitrogen treatments had no effects on SPAD values and there were no correlations between nitrogen treatments and nitrogen contents of plant parts. Therefore, the various foliage plants should supply with each proper nitrogen treatments to grow faster with better quality. In this case, the plant growth played a more important role than nitrogen levels of plant parts in deciding the proper nitrogen levels for each foliage plant.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate how maize (Zea maize L.) growth and yield were affected by irrigation and fertigation using a subsurface drip system. The system consisted of a buried (40 cm underground) drip pipe that can be used in a semi-permanent manner without affecting agricultural work on the ground. The amount of water required for the fertigation treatment was determined to be 24.3 tons 10a^-1 for the sandy loam soil used in this experimental field. Fertigation treatments based on the previously calculated 24.3 tons 10a^-1 were carried out as topdressing applications. They were applied through the subsurface drip system with the following fertilizer concentration (nitrogen only, written in kg 10a^-1: N 4, N 6, N 8, N 10 ). The other treatments were irrigation only and control (non-treatment). The results indicated that the N 8 treatment was the most effective, increasing yield by 30% and 14% compared with the control and irrigation treatments, respectively. These results highlight the effectiveness of fertigation (N 8 kg 10a^-1) at V6 and R1 stage as a form of topdressing fertilization using a subsurface drip system for achieving a high yield and stable maize production.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 1999

A field experiment with 200, 400 and $600kg{\cdot}N/ha/year$ application levels was carried out to study the nitrate nitrogen accumulation and forage yield of sorghum sudangrass hybrid(Xtragraze II) at Iksan College Farm in 1995. The nitrate nitrogen contents were increased by the application of nitrogen and decreased as the plant matured, then the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen started from 200kg application, and exceeded the safe level of ruminants at the level of 400kg application during the whole growing period. In the early stage of growth, nitrate nitrogen contents of sorghum sudangrass hybrid were increased by rainfall during the dry season, but these contents are almost kept constantly at the low level in the later stage of growth. Accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the morning had a greater tendency than that of the afternoon. A sum exceeding $200kg{\cdot}N$ does not necessarily result in increase the amount of nitrate nitrogen in sorghum sudangrass hybrid.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 1996

Hybird and allotriploid between female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and male coho salmon (O. kisutch) were produced by artificial fertilization and heat shocks. Hatching and survival rate of allotriploid at 2 month after hatching was $77.6\%$ and $54.5\%$ respectively, and these rates clearly exceeded those of their hybrid. Cell and nuclear sizes of the erythrocyte of hybrid were intermidiate of their parents and those of allotriploid were larger than thier hybird. The somatic chromosome number of viable hybrid was 2n = 60 and that of allotriploid was $90\~93$ with chromosomal polymorphism. Allotriploid karyotpe was constituted by two sets of rainbow trout chromosome and one set of coho salmon chromosome.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2008

We compared the morphological characters and stable isotopes of seeds of wild simulated ginseng with those of cultivated field ginseng. Seeds were collected from ten areas for wild simulated ginseng and two areas for cultivated field ginseng. The length, width, thickness and number of seeds per gram were measured and the ratio of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen was analysed as well. There was a overlapping variation of morphological characters and the ratio of stable isotope of the wild simulated ginseng among study areas. In Geumsan area, compared with the seed of cultivated field ginseng, the seed of wild simulated ginseng was significantly small and light, and the ${\delta}^{15}N$(‰) of wild simulated ginseng was lower than that of cultivated field ginseng. However, it is somewhat impossible to compare the regional variation of the unique value of ${\delta}^{15}N$(‰) among study areas of wild simulated ginseng. We can suggest the value of ${\delta}^{15}N$(‰) can be used as detection factor for cultivation regime like chemical fertilization and organic farming.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2002

A study was conducted to investigate the seasonal changes in water quality of watershed in the Agricultural Environment Promotion Zone. Samples collected were 12 GW (ground water), 2 IW (irrigation water), 2 SW (stream water) in An-Dong City, 4 GW, 6 IW, 11 SW in Young-Yang Gun, and sampling was conducted separately during dry and rainy season. In the ground water, EC and ionic species, except pH, were higher than those in stream water, and especially $NO_3-N$ concentration exceeded the limitation of drinking water. Concentration of ions decreased as the sampling depth was far from the soil surface. During a rainy season, the concentrations of $NO_3-N$ and K in the stream water were slightly higher than those during season. COD was lower during dry season in Yong-Yang, while the trend was contrasted to An-Dong. These results suggest that ground water was polluted by fertilization and compost while streamwater was polluted by loss of soil and organic during the rainy season. Principal chemical components related with changing water quality were EC, $NO_3^-$, Ca, Mg, Na, $Cl^-$, $Cl^-$, $SO_4^-$ in ground water, whereas $NH_4-N$, K, Mg, $Cl^-$, $SO_4^-$ in stream water.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1998

Inhibition of nodule formation and nitrogen fixation by soil nitrogen, primarily nitrate, is well known in legume plants. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ${NO_3}^-$ on the nodulation, nitrogenase activity, and growth of supernodulating soybean mutant and its wild type. A greenhouse study was conducted to compare two of supernodulating mutants, 'SS2-2' and 'nts 382', with the normal nodulating cultivar 'Sinpaldalkong 2' when grown in a 1-l styroform cup filled with sand, and fertilized with five levels of ${NO_3}^-$ (0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 mM). During the growth period, each plant was supplied two or three times a week with 50 mL of nutrient solution. Supernodulating soybean mutants, SS2-2 and nts 382, showed more nodules and nodule mass, and greater $C_2\;H_2$ activity than the wild type, Sinpaldalkong 2, regardless of the level of exogeneous nitrogen supply. On the other hand, total dry weight of SS2-2 mutant, which was smaller than Sinpaldalkong 2, did not respond to the various ${NO_3}^-$-N levels. This suggested that supernodulating SS2-2 mutant could maintain fairly high total dry weight at the low ${NO_3}^-$-N level, even in the absence of exogeneous ${NO_3}^-$-N in the nutrient solution. From the reduced top growth and high nitrogen fixing ability of supernodulating mutants, it was surmised that supernodulating mutant could potentially protect agricultural environments from pollution through the reduction in nitrogen fertilization as well as maintain fairly high yield with increasing planting density.