• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.734-739
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• 2005

Myxobacterium sp. HK1, isolated from Korean soil, degrades cellulose, differentiates to fruiting body, and its 16s rDNA has $95\%$ similarity to Polyangium sp. An anticancer molecule, CDMHK, was identified from culture broth of Myxobacterium sp. HK1, and purified by Diaion HP20, Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and preparative HPLC using an YMC OSD-A C18 column. The molecular structure and formula were determined to be $C_{l2}H_{l9}N_3O_2$ (M.W 237) by MS spectrometry, 300 MHz $^{1}H\;and\;^{13}C$ NMR. The CDMHK was not active against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. However, this molecule inhibited the growth of various cancer cell lines. The $ED_{50}$ values of CDMHK were determined to be 0.147, 0.086, 0.18, 0.166, and 0.142 $\mu$g/ml against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, VF498, and HCTl5 cancer cell lines, respectively. In addition, the CDMHK was able to induce apoptosis of the CCRF-CEM cancer cell line, evidenced by DNA fragmentation assay and DAPI staining.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1197-1244
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• 2002

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2011

Antifungal activity of three Myxococcus spp., KYC 1126, 1136, and 2001, was tested in vitro against three phytopathogenic fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Pyricularia grisea). Spore germination and mycelial growth of the three pathogenic fungi were completely inhibited by bioactive substances from a myxobacterium KYC 1126. In addition, the activity of KYC 1126 was fungicidal, but liquid culture filtrate of KYC 1126 did not affect protoplast reversion in C. acutatum. A bioassay of KYC 1126 filtrate against anthracnose in hot pepper was conducted in the greenhouse and field at 2009 and 2010. The incidence of anthracnose in control seedlings was 74%, but was reduced to 29% after KYC 1126 treatment. The control value with KYC 1126 was 60% while that with the fungicide dithianon was 42%. In the greenhouse, disease incidence with KYC 1126 was consistentely 10-35% lower than with fungicide as a positive control. The control value with KYC 1126 was 13.4% and 41.0%, whereas that with the fungicide was 52.3% and 63% in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Although anti-anthracnose activity of KYC 1126 was not maintained for long time in the field, the bacteriolytic myxobacterium KYC 1126 could be a prospective biocontrol agent.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.493-500
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• 2021

Argyrins are a group of anticancer and antibacterial octapeptide bioactive substances isolated from myxobacteria. In this study, we showed that the myxobacterium Archangium gephyra MEHO_001, isolated in Korea, produces argyrins A and B. MEHO_001 cells tend to aggregate when cultured in liquid media. Hence, a dispersion mutant, MEHO_002, was isolated from MEHO_001. The MEHO_002 strain produced approximately 3.5 times more argyrins than that produced by the wild-type strain MEHO_001. We determined the whole-genome sequence of A. gephyra MEHO_002 and identified a putative argyrin biosynthetic gene cluster comprising five genes, arg1-arg5, encoding non-ribosomal peptide synthases and tailoring enzymes. Inactivation of arg2 by plasmid insertion disrupted argyrin production. The amino acid sequences of the proteins encoded by arg2-arg5 of A. gephyra MEHO_002 were 90-98% similar to those encoded by the argyrin biosynthetic genes of Cystobacter sp. SBCb004, an argyrin-producing myxobacterium with identical domain organization.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 2002

In the course of screening for new anticancer antibiotics from myxobacteria, strain JW357 was found to produce an antibiotic that was active against several human cancer cell lines. This strain was identified as Angiacaccus disciformis by morphological and cultural characteristics. The antibiotic produced was identified as myxochelin A. It demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against certain human cancer cells with $IC_{50}$ values ranging 1.15 to $2.36{\mu}g/ml$. Myxochelin A was interestingly as active against multidrug-resistant CL02 cells as against the sensitive parental cells (HCT15).

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.171.2-172
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• 2003

Over the past few years, a variety of macrocyclic salicylate natural products have been isolated from both terrestrial and marine sources based on their ability to induce a particular phenotype in mammalian cells. Extracts of the myxobacterium Chondromyces showed high cytotoxicity against cultivated mammalian cells and bio-guided fractionation revealed the cytotoxicity was due to one main metabolite identified as the novel macrolide apicularen A. Beginning to understand the molecular basis for these distinct activities will require structure-function correlation studies and the development of synthetic chemistry in this area. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.170-173
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• 2011

The epothilone biosynthetic gene cluster (epoA~F, epoK) of Sorangium cellulosum KYC3013, an epothilone producing myxobacterium isolated in Korea, was cloned. When the amino acid sequences of the encoded proteins were compared with those from S. cellulosum SMP44, S. cellulosum So ce90, and S. cellulosum So0157-2, which were isolated in other continents or country, the proteins from different strains were 97.4-99.8% identical each other. This suggested that the epothilone-biosynthetic gene clusters are well conserved in S. cellulosum strains.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1653-1659
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• 2015

Epothilone, which is produced by the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, contributes significant value in medicinal development. However, under submerged culture conditions, S. cellulosum will accumulate to form bacterial clumps, which hinder nutrient and metabolite transportation. Therefore, the production of epothilone by liquid fermentation is limited. In this study, diatomite-based porous ceramics were made from diatomite, paraffin, and poremaking agent (saw dust). Appropriate methods to modify the porous ceramics were also identified. After optimizing the preparation and modification conditions, we determined the optimal prescription to prepare high-performance porous ceramics. The structure of porous ceramics can provide a solid surface area where S. cellulosum can grow and metabolize to prevent the formation of bacterial clumps. S. cellulosum cells that do not form clumps will change their erratic metabolic behavior under submerged culture conditions. As a result, the unstable production of epothilone by this strain can be changed in the fermentation process, and the purpose of increasing epothilone production can be achieved. After 8 days of fermentation under optimized conditions, the epothilone yield reached 90.2 mg/l, which was increased four times compared with the fermentation without porous ceramics.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2014

Myxococcus stipitatus KYC4013 extract exhibited the most potent antifungal activity among the extracts of 207 Myxococcus strains isolated in Korea. High-resolution LC-MS analysis revealed that M. stipitatus KYC4013 produces five antifungal substances and three other secondary metabolites that were predicted to be melithiazol and phenalamide derivatives, respectively. The putative melithiazol derivatives were best produced in CYS medium and the putative phenalamide derivatives were best produced in VY3 medium.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2019

Myxococcus stipitatus, a myxobacterium, forms spherical fruiting bodies with stems on edaphic substrates in enrichment cultures for isolation. However, an agar medium on which purely isolated strains of M. stipitatus form this type of fruiting bodies has not been known until now. In this study, since M. stipitatus DSM 14675 forms a hemispherical fruiting body-like structure on CYS agar medium, the effects of CYS medium components on fruiting body formation were investigated. Based on the results obtained, an agar medium on which M. stipitatus forms spherical fruiting bodies with stems was developed. Additionally, a liquid medium in which M. stipitatus grows in a dispersed manner was also formulated in this investigation.