• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.162-172
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• 1978

We have studied to develop a process for the preparation of protein isolates free of isothiocyanate and oxazolidine-thione when defatted meal was extrracted with a cold alkaline solution at pH11.0. The rapeseed protein isolates were separated at $0^{\circ}C$ using 1% sodium algiante of 500 cps as a precipitation aid, also. The proteins had original colors, namely, a grey curd at pH 6.7, a light cream at pH 5.6 and a yellow cream at pH 5.0, The purity and the color was improved by washing with water and freez-drying with acetone, not at room temperature. A countercurrent procedure was a prerequisite for a continuous large scale production of protein isolates.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2015

The biologically active compounds raphasatin and sulforaphene are formed during the hydrolysis of radishes by an endogenous myrosinase. Raphasatin is very unstable, and it is generated and simultaneously degraded to less active compounds during hydrolysis in aqueous media. This study determined the hydrolysis conditions to maximize the formation of raphasatin and sulforaphene by an endogenous myrosinase and minimize their degradation during the hydrolysis of radish roots. The reaction parameters, such as the reaction medium, reaction time, type of mixing, and reaction temperature were optimized. A stability test for raphasatin and sulforaphene was also performed during storage of the hydrolyzed products at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. The formation and breakdown of raphasatin and sulforaphene in radish roots by endogenous enzymolysis was strongly influenced by the reaction medium, reaction time, and type of mixing. The production and stabilization of raphasatin in radishes was efficient in water and dichloromethane with shaking for 15 min at $25^{\circ}C$. For sulforaphene, the favorable condition was water as the reaction medium without shaking for 10 min at $25^{\circ}C$. The maximum yields of raphasatin and sulforaphene were achieved in a concurrent hydrolysis reaction without shaking in water for 10 min and then with shaking in dichloromethane for 15 min at $25^{\circ}C$. Under these conditions, the yields of raphasatin and sulforaphene were maximized at 12.89 and $1.93{\mu}mol/g$ of dry radish, respectively. The stabilities of raphasatin and sulforaphene in the hydrolyzed products were 56.4% and 86.5% after 10 days of storage in water and dichloromethane at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 1992

The released amount of thiocyanate ion in Cruciferous vegetables treated by wet heat, increased as the reaction time goes by and was maximum value after treatment for 30min, but it was not changed by dry heat treatment. When samples were autolyzed by myrosinase, the amount of thiocyanate ion increased gradually as time goes by, was maximum value after 3hrs and much higher than those in the sample treated by wet. The released amount of thiocyanate ion in each sample showed much in cabbage, Chinese cabbage, radish, kale and mustard in the order. The generated amount of indoleacetonitrile by heat treatment increased as time goes by and the generated amount in each sample determined was high in the order of cabbage, Chinese cabbage and radish.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.417-417
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.278-278
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.150-157
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• 2004

Cruciferous vegetables are rich in organosulfur compounds such as isothiocyanates and sulfides. While the isothiocyanates, corresponding to pungent principle, are generated from myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis of glucosinolates, the sulfides can be generated non-enzymatically. Recent studies provide evidences that some sulfur compounds in these vegetables show a chemopreventive action against carcinogenesis; while isothiocyanates such as sulforaphane induce phase 2 enzymes (glutathione S-transferase/quinone reductase), disulfides tends to elevate the level of phase 1 and 2 enzymes. Especially, sulforaphane rich in Cruciferae vegetables has been reported to express anticarcinogenic effect in some organs such as liver, kidney or intestine. When the level of sulfur compounds in Cruciferous and Alliaceous vegetables was determined by GC/MS (SIM), the richest in sulforaphane is broccoli followed by turnip, cabbage, radish, kale, cauliflower and Chinese cabbage. Meanwhile, the sulfides are predominant in Alliaceous vegetables such as onion. In related study, the administration of vegetable extract elevated the GST level by 1.5 fold for broccoli, 1.4 fold for radish, and 1.3 for onion. Thus, the vegetables frequently used in Korean dish contain relatively high amount of anticarcinogenic sulfur compounds. Moreover, the combination of broccoli and radish extracts elevated the GST induction up to 1.84 folds of control. In addition, the Kakdugi, fermented radish Kimchi was observed to show a comparable GST induction despite the decomposition of methylthio-3-butenylisothiocyanate (MTBI). Therefore, the combination of vegetables including broccoli, and fermented radish Kimchi would be useful as a functional food for chemoprevention.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.433-441
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• 2003

A cDNA clone for a salicylic acid-induced gene in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) was isolated and characterized. The cabbage gene, designated Br-sil1 (for $\underline{B}$rassica $\underline{r}$apa $\underline{s}$alicylate-$\underline{i}$nduced $\underline{l}$lipase-like 1 gene), encodes a putative lipase that has the family II lipase motif GDSxxDxG around the active site serine. A database search showed that plant genomes have a large number of genes that contain the family II lipase motif. The lipase-like proteins include a myrosinase-associated protein, an anther-specific proline-rich protein APG, a pollen coat protein EXL, and an early nodule-specific protein. The Br-sil1 gene is strongly induced by salicylic acid and a non-host pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, that elicits a hypersensitive response in Chinese cabbage. Treatment of the cabbage leaves with BTH, methyl jasmonate, or ethephon showed that the Br-sil1 gene expression is induced by BTH, but not by methyl jasmonate or ethylene. This indicates that the cabbage gene is activated via a salicylic acid-dependent signaling pathway. An examination of the tissue-specific expression revealed that the induction of the Br-sil1 gene expression by BTH occurs in leaves and stems, but not in roots and flowers. Without the BTH treatment, however, the Br-sil1 gene is not expressed in any of the tissues that were examined.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.422-426
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• 1997

Fresh broccoli is known to have the highest content of sulforaphane (S-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate) among all vegetables. Since isothiocyanates are formed from myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis of glucosinolates during tissue destruction of broccoli, the formation of sulforaphane in the extract of broccoli was examined under various processing conditions. The amount of sulforaphane in processed broccoli was measured using GC/MS analysis. Among fresh, dried, and boiled broccoli fresh broccoli exhibited the highest content of sulforaphane. Sulforaphane was maximally produced from the homogenate in 0.1 M phosphate buffer containing 1 mM Vitamin C stored at room temperature for 1 hr. In boiled broccoli, the amount of sulforaphane decreased as the boiling time increased, and reached to 10% of control after 30 min boiling. The amount of sulforaphane was decreased remarkably in dried broccoli in which freeze-dried and heat-dried broccoli had about 50% and 30％ of fresh ones, respectively.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.593-599
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the level of total glucosinolates in different parts (outer and inner part) of fresh, salted Chinese cabbage ($Brassica$ $campestris$ L. ssp. $Pekinensis$) and Kimchi at different harvesting periods (June-July, August-September, October-November, December-April, and May). For determination of total glucosinolates, Chinese cabbage was used for analytical sample preparation, provided with an anion exchanges column and measured by UV-visible Spectrophotometer. The fresh Chinese cabbage (FCC) that was harvested in June-July contained the highest level of total glucosinolates and was higher in outer part than inner part in all harvesting periods. The salted Chinese cabbage (SCC) that was harvested in May contained the lowest level of total glucosinolates. Total glucosinolates level of SCC in outer part was higher in June-July and August-September. The manufactured Kimchi (K) using harvested Chinese cabbage in June-July and August-September contained the highest level of total glucosinolates while that harvested in May contained the lowest level. The level of total glucosinolates in different parts was higher in inner part than outer part in all harvesting periods except for May. In all harvesting times, the level of total glucosinolates of FCC was higher than processed Chinese cabbage (SCC and K). Based on these results, levels of total glucosinolates are influenced by harvesting periods, parts and processing conditions of Chinese cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.282-286
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• 2010

The present studies were carried out for three years from 2007 until 2009 to control nematode and to increase yield of cucumber by crashed-rape seed application at polyethylene film house. Crashed-rape seed has a lot of glucosinolate. Myrosinase decompose gulcosinolate into isothiocyanate and thiocyanate when crashedrape seed go to decay at soil. Those chemical compounds act on poison to nematode at soil. When the crashedrape seed treated at soil, an amount of thiocyanate at soil was risen up. Thiocyanate of plot treated with 200 and 400 kg crashed-rape seed per 10a was 30 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Nematode(meloidogyne spp) population at soil was 13 to 17 nematodes per dried soil 300g. Yield of cucumber increased 6 to 15 percent to be compared with control. While, Nematode(meloidogyne spp) population of control plot were 463 nematodes per dried soil 300 g. This level was much higher than 150 nematodes which can be brought about injury to plant. Even if the more an amount of crashed-rape seed application, the higher yield of cucumber and control effect of nematode. Consider economical efficiency, 200 kg of crashed-rape seed per 10a was the most effective. Therefore, we suggest applying 200 kg of crashed-rape seed per 10a to control soil nematode when culture cucumber at plastic film house.