• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.501-505
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aging methods (AM) i.e. dry-aging (DA) and wet-aging (WA) on the physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of proteins in beef short loin. Methods: Short loins (M. longissmus lumborum), were trimmed and boned-out on the fifth day postmortem, from a total of 18 Hanwoo, which were purchased from a commercial slaughterhouse. Short loins were separated randomly grouped into one of the three treatments: control, WA (1℃, 7 days), and DA (1℃, 0.5 m/s, 85% relative humidity [RH], 30 days). Results: Dry-aged beef (DAB) exhibited higher pH, water holding capacity (WHC), myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), and digestibility, however lower lightness, redness, and yellowness values, cooking loss, and shear force (SF), than those of wet-aged beef (WAB) (p<0.05). The myosin light chain band intensity of DAB was higher than that of control and WAB in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The in vitro digestibility of aged beef was highly (p<0.001) correlated to physicochemical properties except WHC. The correlation coefficient between AMs and WHC was higher than that between AM and SF (p<0.05) or MFI (p<0.001). A high correlation was observed between SF and MFI (p<0.001). Conclusion: Thus, we believe that DAB is more advantageous than WAB owing to its high digestibility and WHC and low SF.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7265-7270
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• 2013

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the probable mechanisms of synthetic retinoid 4-amino-2-tri-fluoromethyl-phenyl ester (ATPR) inhibition of the proliferation and migration of A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: After the A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of ATPR or all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for 72 h, scratch-wound assays were performed to assess migration. Immunofluorescence was used to determine the distribution of CAV1 and $RXR{\alpha}$, while expression of CAV1, MLCK, MLC, P38, and phosphorylation of MLC and P38 were detected by Western blotting. Results: ATPR could block the migration of A549 cells. The relative migration rate of ML-7 group had significantly decreased compared with control group. In addition, ATPR decreased the expression of a migration related proteins, MLCK, and phosphorylation of MLC and P38. ATPR could also influence the expression of RARs or RXRs. At the same time, CAV1 accumulated at cell membranes, and $RXR{\alpha}$ relocated to the nucleus after ATPR treatment. Conclusions: Caveolae may be implicate in the transport of ATPR to the nucleus. Change in the expression and distribution of $RXR{\alpha}$ may be implicated in ATPR inhibition of A549 cell proliferation. The mechanisms of ATPR reduction in A549 cell migration may be associated with expression of MLCK and phosphorylation of MLC and P38.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2004

It is widely accepted that smooth muscle contraction is triggered by intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) released from intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ stores such as sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and from the extracellular space, The increased $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ can phosphorylate the 20-kDa myosin light chain ($MLC_{20}$) by activating MLC kinase (MLCK), and this initiates smooth muscle contraction. In addition to the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$-MLCK-tension pathway, a number of intracellular signal molecules, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase C (PKC), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and Rho-associated coiled coil-forming protein kinase (ROCK), play important roles in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. However, the mechanisms regulating contraction of caldesmon (CaD), actin-binding protein, are not entirely elucidated in the presence of $Ca^{2+}$. It is known that CaD tightly interacts with actin and inhibits actomyosin ATPase activity. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of $Ca^{2+}$-dependent CaD in smooth muscle contraction. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), G-protein coupled receptor agonist and vasoconstrictor, increased both vascular smooth contraction and phosphorylation of CaD in the presence of $Ca^{2+}$. These results suggest that ET-1 induces contraction and phosphorylation of CaD in rat aortic smooth muscle, which may he mediated by the increase of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2007

The present study was undertaken to determine whether $SM22{\alpha}$ participates in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle contractility using $SM22{\alpha}$ knockout mice and, if so, to investigate the mechanisms involved. Aortic ring preparations were mounted and equilibrated in organ baths for 60 min before observing contractile responses to 50 mM KCl, and then exposed to contractile agents such as phenylephrine and phorbol ester. Measurement of isometric contractions using a computerized data acquisition system was combined with molecular or cellular experiments. Interestingly, the aortas from $SM22{\alpha}$-deficient mice ($SM22^{-/-LacZ}$) displayed an almost three-fold increase in the level of $SM22{\beta}$ protein compared to wild-type mice, but no change in the levels of caldesmon, actin, desmin or calponin. $Ca^{2+}$-independent contraction in response to phenylephrine or phorbol ester was significantly decreased in the $SM22{\alpha}$-deficient mice, whereas in the presence of $Ca^{2+}$ neither contraction nor subcellular translocation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in response to phenylephrine or 50 mM KCl was significantly affected. A decrease in phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was observed in the $SM22{\alpha}$-deficient mice and this may be related to the decreased vascular contractility. Taken together, this study provides evidence for a pivotal role of $SM22{\alpha}$ in the regulation of $Ca^{2+}$-independent vascular contractility.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.122-126
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 폴리디메틸실록산(PDMS)과 모세관-미세몰딩(MIMIC) 기술을 활용하여 마이크로패턴 채널 시스템을 제작하고, 단일 세포 수준에서 극성화 패턴으로 형성되는 분자 신호를 고해상도 세포 이미징을 통해 분석하였다. 이 과정에서 혈소판유래성장인자(PDGF)가 처리된 세포에서는 세포 이동에 중요한 세 종류의 신호인 포스포이노시티드 3-인산화효소(PI3K), Rac 및 액틴(Actin) 신호가 선두(front)영역에서 후미(rear)영역에 비해 강하게 활성화 하는 데 반해, 마이오신 경쇄(MLC) 신호는 비특이적 경향성을 보여주었다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 마이크로패턴의 미세환경에서 세포 극성화 신호와 세포 이동과의 상관 관계를 연구하는 데 중요한 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2005

Proteomics is a useful approach to know protein expression, post-translational modification and protein function. We investigated the protein expression pattern and identity in chickens fed with the tissue culture medium waste after harvest of Korean wild ginseng (TCM-KWG) (Panax ginseng). Two groups (n=60/group) of day old broiler chickens were administered with 0 (control) and 0.8% (treatment) TCM-KWG through drinking water. After 5 weeks, we examined the protein expression pattern of fibularis longus and superficial pectoral muscle by Two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis. Interestingly, TCM-KWG treatment significantly increased five spot's density, and markedly reduced five spot's density in the muscles. We identified 10 proteins (desmin, myosin light chain 1, heat shock 25 kDa protein, collapsin response mediator protein-2A, alpha enolase, vimentin, actin alpha 1, my023 protein, pyruvate kinase and troponin T) by the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.1000-1007
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• 2019

This study investigated protein digestibility of beef puree in infant and adult in vitro digestion models. The simulated digestive juices for infant and adult were prepared. Protein digestibility of beef puree was calculated in the gastric and gastrointestinal compartments. The 10% trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen and α-amino group contents of gastric digesta were lower in the infant in vitro digestion model than those in the adult in vitro digestion model (p<0.05). In addition, the gastrointestinal digesta from the infant in vitro digestion model had lower value of the 10% trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen and α-amino group contents than those of the adult in vitro digestion model (p<0.05). The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the remarkable bands of actin and myosin light chain B were found in the digesta of beef puree from the infant in vitro digestion model. The results of this study revealed the lower protein digestibility of beef puree in infants compared to that in adults. Therefore, the development of ways to increase digestibility of meat protein can improve the nutritional quality of meat products for infants.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.657-665
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• 2006

We recently reported that dimethylsphingosine (DMS), a metabolite of sphingolipids, increased intracellular pH and $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in U937 human monocytes. In the present study, we found that dimethylphytosphingosine (DMPH) induced the above responses more robustly than DMS. However, phytosphingosine, monomethylphytosphingosine or trimethylsphingosine showed little or no activity. Synthetic C3 deoxy analogues of sphingosine did show similar activities, with the C16 analogue more so than C18. The following structure-activity relationships were observed between DMS derivatives and the intracellular pH and $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations in U937 monocytes; 1) dimethyl modification is important for the DMS-induced increase of intracellular pH and $Ca^{2+}$, 2) the addition of an OH group on C4 enhances both activities, 3) the deletion of the OH group on C3 has a negligible effect on the activities, and 4) C16 appears to be more effective than C18. We also found that W-7, a calmodulin inhibitor, blocked the DMS-induced pH increase, whereas, KN-62, ML9, and MMPX, specific inhibitors for calmodulin-dependent kinase II, myosin light chain kinase, and $Ca^{2+}$-calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase, respectively, did not affect DMS-induced increases of pH in the U937 monocytes.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1199-1206
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• 2017

종양괴사인자 수용체 일종인 Lymphotoxin ${\beta}$ receptor ($LT{\beta}R$)은 림프 구조와 기관 형성에 중요한 역학을 한다. 우리는 fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC)에서 agonistic $anti-LT{\beta}R$ antibody로 $LT{\beta}R$을 자극하면 stress fiber (SF)에 변화가 생긴다는 것을 알았다. MLCK와 ROCK는 세포에서 SF 형성 기여에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 MLCK 저해에 초점을 맞추어 $LT{\beta}R$ 신호 전달은 SF 조절로 항섬유화 효과에 대하여 조사하였다. SF 변화에 대한 $LT{\beta}R$의 기능 조사를 위해 agonistic $anti-LT{\beta}R$ antibody로 처리된 FRC와 세포 추출물을 이용하여 immunoblot, fluorescence assay와 Rho-guanosine diphosphate (GDP)/guanosine triphosphate (GTP) exchange 활성 분석법으로 분석하였다. 세포막과 세포골격 연결자 ezrin은 agonistic $anti-LT{\beta}R$ antibody 처리된 FRC에서 완전히 탈인사화가 유도되었다. Actomysoisn에 의한 SF를 확인하였고 인산화 myosin light chain (p-MLC)인 함께 co-localization 되는 것도 확인하였다. ML7 처리된 FRC에서 agonistic $anti-LT{\beta}R$ antibody 처리된 세포에서 관찰되는 유사한 현상인 SF분해, 세포막 응축과 쇠퇴 현상이 나타났다. ROCK 활성저해는 액틴 골격 변화는 유도하였으나 부분적으로 SF가 세포에 남아 있었다. 반면, ML7에 의한 MLCK저해는 SF를 완전히 분해하였다. 또한, $LT{\beta}R$ 자극은 MLC 인산화를 완전히 억제하였지만, Rho-GDP/GTP exchange 활성변화에서는 감소는 되었으나 활성이 완전히 없어지지는 않았다. 결론적으로 이런 결과들은 FRC에서 $LT{\beta}R$신호전달을 통해 유도되는 SF 조절에는 MLCK가 보다 더 강력한 역할을 한다는 것을 제시하고 있다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.183-190
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• 1997

Tocolytics 임신부의 조기진통시 치료제로 많이 사용되는 약제지만 드물게는 폐부종을 일으켜 치명적일 수 있다. Tocolytics가 폐부종을 일으키는 기전은 용적증가, 교질삼투압의 감소, 심근 손상, 모세혈관 내막의 손상등에 의해 발생한다고 설명되고 있으나 아직 불확실한 상태이며 폐부종 발생의 양대 기전인 정수압적 폐부종과 투과성 폐부종의 양상이 모두 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한 임산부가 다산부이거나 다태아 임신인 경우, 임신중 수액공급을 많이 받은 경우, 심장 질환이 동반된 경우, 감염이 동반된 경우, 동시에 steroid나 MgSO4로 치료 받은 경우등이 tocolytics 사용시 폐부종이 쉽게 발생될 수 있는 선행요인으로 작용함이 알려져왔다. 저자들은 조기진통이 있어 tocolytics인 ritodrine 치료후 정상분만하였으나 분만후 급속히 진행하는 폐부종이 발생한 30세 여자 환자를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바 이다.