• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inlfammatory effect of the extract of Zanthoxylum schinifolium on ulcerative colitis induced by 3% dextran sulfate sodium in the rat. The experiment animals were divided into six groups: control (normal), DDS-induced colitis, 1 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg of the extract of Z. schinifolium and 150 mg/kg of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) as comparative drug. Anti-ulcerative colitis effect was evaluated pathologically by disease activity index (DAI), the change of weight and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in colon mucosa. Treatment with 15 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg of the extract of Z. schinifolium significantly improved the gain of body weight and DAI as clinical symptoms, and reduced MPO and $PGE_2$ level as biochemical index. Especially, 150 mg/kg of the extract of Z. schinifolium showed markedly more improvement than the same dose of 5-ASA in all kind of index such as MPO, $PGE_2$ and DAI. These results suggest that Z. schinifolium mediated anti-inflammatory action on colorectal sites may be a useful therapeutic approach to ulcerative colitis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2011

In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to examine the changes in the density of colonic endocrine cells - argyrophil and argentaffin cells, chromogranin A (CGA), serotonin, somatostatin and glucagon-containing cells in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis. Ulcerative colitis was induced by the instillation of 10 mg of TNBS into the colonic lumen through the anus. To confirm the inducement of ulcerative colitis, the macroscopic and microscopic scores as well as the colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were monitored for 8 days after TNBS instillation in the colonic lumens. In addition, the number of argyrophil and argentaffin cells, CGA, serotonin, somatostatin and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were counted in the colonic mucosa, respectively. After TNBS instillation into the lumen of the colon from the anus in rats, increases in macroscopic and microscopic scores in the colon tissues were observed along with increases in the colonic MPO activities. Therefore, ulcerative colitis was relatively well induced by the TNBS instillations. Marked decreases in the number of colonic endocrine cells were detected in the TNBS-treated animal compared to the sham control. These results suggest that colonic endocrine cells were also disrupted by TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1567-1571
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• 2006

Lophatheri Herba of Lophatherum gracile Bronghiart(Gramineae) has long been used for treatment of inflammation, fever and edema in Korea. In order to investigate antibacterial activity of the Lophatheri Herba against Streptococcus mutans ATCC27351, paper disc test and pH check were carried out with 80% ethanol extract of Lophatheri Herba(LEX). The LEX showed significant antibacterial activity. And at the dose of 50 mg/kg, LEX showed signifiant inhibition on the paw edema, vascular permeability and myeloperoxidase activity in rat's paw tissue. These results indicate that LEX has antibacterial activity against the Streptococcus mutans and anti-inflammatory effect.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.263-270
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• 2019

Hydrogen sulfide is well-known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities, and also has protective effects in the liver. This study aimed to examine the protective effect of hydrogen sulfide in rats with hepatic encephalopathy, which was induced by mild bile duct ligation. In this rat model, bile ducts were mildly ligated for 26 days. Rats were treated for the final 5 days with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). NaHS ($25{\mu}mol/kg$), 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, or silymarin (100 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once per day for 5 consecutive days. Mild bile duct ligation caused hepatotoxicity and inflammation in rats. Intraperitoneal NaHS administration reduced levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, which are indicators of liver disease, compared to levels in the control mild bile duct ligation group. Levels of ammonia, a major causative factor of hepatic encephalopathy, were also significantly decreased. Malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, catalase, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ levels were measured to confirm antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors with neurotoxic activity were assessed for subunit NMDA receptor subtype 2B. Based on these data, NaHS is suggested to exhibit hepatoprotective effects and guard against neurotoxicity through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2023

This study was conducted to determine dietary threonine (Thr) requirement for juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). A total of 450 juvenile fish (23.2 ± 0.4 g) were randomly distributed to 18 tanks (215 L) with 25 fish per tank. Experimental diets included with graded levels of Thr at 0.0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, and 2.0% were assigned for triplicate groups of fish and fed two times daily to apparent satiation for 12 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, feed utilization and survival were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in fish fed with dietary Thr levels over 0.8%, and no significant differences were observed between 0.8% to 2.3% levels. Non-specific immune parameters of serum lysozyme, myeloperoxidase activity, antiprotease activity, and total immunoglobulin were significantly increased by dietary Thr over 0.8%. Based on the broken-line regression analysis, the Thr requirement for the optimum growth and immune response in olive flounder is likely to be 1.03% in the diet.

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.38-44
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• 2019

Purpose: The immature granulocyte count has been reported to be a marker of infection and sepsis. The difference in leukocyte subfractions (delta neutrophil index, DNI) in ADVIA 2120 reflects the fraction of circulating immature granulocytes in the blood. This study evaluated the clinical utility of DNI as a severity and prediction marker in critically ill patients with burn sepsis. Methods: One hundred and sixty nine patients admitted to the burn care unit were studied. DNI (the difference in leukocyte subfractions identified by myeloperoxidase and nuclear lobularity channels) was determined using a specific blood cell analyzer. Results: Seventy one patients (42 %) were diagnosed with burn sepsis. DNI was significantly higher in patients with burn sepsis than in patients without (P<0.01). Delta neutrophil index was a better indicator of burn sepsis than C-reactive protein, lactate, white blood cell count, HCO3, base excess, lactate, procalcitonin (odds ratio, 6.31; confidence interval 2.36~16.90; P<0.01). And the receiver operating characteristic curves showed that delta neutrophil index, AUC 0.795 (95% confidence interval, 0.721~0.869; P<0.05) was a better predictor of burn sepsis than lactate, procalcitonin, white blood cell, base excess and abbreviated burn severity index. Conclusion: Delta neutrophil index may be used as a early marker of patients with burn sepsis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.385-400
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Soyumjungjang-tang(SJT) on the experimental ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in mice. Methods : Ulcerative colitis was induced through supplying 4% DSS solution as the drinking water for 7 days in 6-week-old male ICR mice. The colitic mice were divided into three groups: the sample groups were orally administered SJT in doses of 25mg/kg(S25 group) or 100mg/kg(S100 group) once a day for 10 days, from 3 days before starting drinking the DSS solution, and the control(C) group was administered normal saline instead of SJT. The DSS solution or SJT was not administered to the normal(N) group. The length of colon, histologic finding, the activities of myeloperoxidase(MPO) and alkaline phosphatase(AP), and the expressions of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, COX-2, $NF-{\kappa}B$, and $I{\kappa}B$ in colonic mucosa was checked using immunoblot, ELISA, etc. The activities of chondroitinase, tryptophanase, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and ${\beta}-glucosidase$ in stool were also measured. Results : The length of colon shortened, histologic finding deteriorated, the activities of MPO, AP, chondroitinase, tryptophanase, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and ${\beta}-glucosidase$, and the expressions of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, COX-2, $NF-{\kappa}B$ increased, and the expression of $I{\kappa}B$ decreased in the C group. All measures, except $NF-{\kappa}B$, were restored in S25 group, but some measures deteriorated more in the S100 group than in the C group. Conclusions : According to the above results, it is supposed that SJT has a potential therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2014

The protective effect of ginsenoside Re, isolated from ginseng berry, against acute gastric mucosal lesions was examined in rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of compound 48/80 (C48/80). Ginsenoside Re (20 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) was orally administered 0.5 h prior to C48/80 treatment. Ginsenoside Re dose-dependently prevented gastric mucosal lesion development 3 h after C48/80 treatment. Increases in the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO; an index of neutrophil infiltration) and xanthine oxidase (XO) and the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; an index of lipid peroxidation) and decreases in the contents of hexosamine (a marker of gastric mucus) and adherent mucus, which occurred in gastric mucosal tissues after C48/80 treatment, were significantly attenuated by ginsenoside Re. The elevation of Bax expression and the decrease in Bcl2 expression after C48/80 treatment were also attenuated by ginsenoside Re. Ginsenoside Re significantly attenuated all these changes 3 h after C48/80 treatment. These results indicate that orally administered ginsenoside Re protects against C48/80-induced acute gastric mucosal lesions in rats, possibly through its stimulatory action on gastric mucus synthesis and secretion, its inhibitory action on neutrophil infiltration, and enhanced lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosal tissue.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1614-1621
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of graded levels of montmorillonite, a constituent of clay, on performance, hematological parameters and bone mineralization in weaned pigs. One hundred and twenty, 35-d-old crossbred pigs (Duroc${\times}$Large White${\times}$Landrace, $10.50{\pm}1.20$ kg) were used in a 28-d experiment and fed either an unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet or similar diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 or 5.0% montmorillonite added at the expense of wheat bran. Each treatment was replicated six times with four pigs (two barrows and two gilts) per replicate. Feed intake declined (linear and quadratic effect, p<0.01) with increasing level of montmorillonite while feed conversion was improved (linear and quadratic effect, p<0.01). Daily gain was unaffected by dietary treatment. Plasma myeloperoxidase declined linearly (p = 0.03) with increasing dietary level of montmorillonite. Plasma malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were quadratically affected (p<0.01) by montmorillonite with increases observed for pigs fed the 0.5 and 1.0% levels which then declined for pigs fed the 2.5 and 5.0% treatments. In bone, the content of potassium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese and magnesium were decreased (linear and quadratic effect, p<0.01) in response to an increase of dietary montmorillonite. These results suggest that dietary inclusion of montmorillonite at levels as high as 5.0% does not result in overt toxicity but could induce potential oxidative damage and reduce bone mineralization in pigs.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.799-806
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• 2011

This study was performed in order to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Boyanghwano-tang (BYT) water extract on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ICH was induced by the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase type IV in Sprague-Dawley rats. BYT was orally given once a day for 3 days after ICH. Hematoma volume and percentage edema were examined. As imflammatory markers, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive neutrophils infiltration and iNOS expression in the peri-ICH regions were examined using immunohistochemistry. As cellular damage markers, c-Fos, Bax, and HSP72 positive cells in the peri-ICH regions were measured also. BYT significantly reduced the hematoma volume and percentage edema of the ICH-induced rat brain. In the peri-hematoma regions, BYT significantly reduced MPO-positive neutrophil infiltration and iNOS expression of the ICH-induced rat brain. Additionally, BYT significantly reduced c-Fos, Bax, and HSP72 positive cells in the peri-hematoma regions of the ICH-induced rat brain. These results suggest that BYT plays a neuroprotective role against ICH through suppression of inflammatory responses, apoptosis and cellular damage.