• Mycobiology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.34-37
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• 2006

Growth responses of Zea mays and Glycine max to colonization by mixture of combination of three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, two species of Glomus and a species of Scutellospora were compared. In Zea mays, plants inoculated with single species of AM fungi showed significantly higher in dry weight than non-mycorrhizal plant for all three AM fungal species. Also, growth of plants inoculated with spores of two species of AM fungi was significantly higher than nonmycorrhizal control except for plants inoculated with two Glomus species. When three species of AM fungi were inoculated, the plants showed the highest growth. In Glycine max, plants with single AM fungal species inoculation were not significantly different in plant growth from nonmycorrhizal plants. When the plants were inoculated with combination of two or more AM fungal species, their growth significantly increased compared to nonmycorrhizal plants. In both plant species, mycorrhizal root colonization by Scutellospora species was significantly lower than by Glomus species.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2021

Red pepper seedlings were inoculated either alone or with a mixture of all five species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). After 10 weeks of growth in the greenhouse, the seedlings were transplanted into fields and cultivated without chemical fertilizers and pesticides for 10 weeks. The results showed that plant growth was significantly increased under both greenhouse and field conditions, suggesting that AMF inoculation has a positive effect on the growth of Capsicum annuum and improves the physical properties of the soil by increasing the concentration of glomalin. The application of AMF can positively contribute to sustainable agriculture by reducing the use of chemical fertilizers while increasing crop growth.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.350-355
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• 2004

본 연구는 분무경 방식을 이용한 arbuscular 균근균 접종원의 대량배양증식을 위하여 기주식물의 종류와 분무양액의 P 농도 등에 따른 균근감염율 및 감염양상 변화 등을 비교하였다. 기주식물 선발에서는 고구마와 토마토가 수단그라스와 질경이에 비해 우수하였다. 또한 인산농도가 5 또는 $10{\mu}M$ 보다 $20{\mu}M$의 수준으로 높아질수록 뿌리의 생성량이 많아진 반면, 뿌리의 균근감염은 인산농도가 낮을수록 높고, 하부 뿌리로 갈수록 arbuscular 균근균 감염율이 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며 감염율은 18.6~26.0% 범위였다. 16주후의 포자형성을 조사한 결과 신선중 1 g 당 500개의 포자가 형성되었고, 분무생육상당 생산된 포자는 총830.479개였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권5호
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• pp.602-608
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• 2009

We investigated whether cadmium (Cd) toxicity affects phosphorus (P) concentration and growth of poplar, which might be related to the ectomycorrhizal associations. Populus ${\times}$tomentoglandulosa cuttings were treated with 0.1 mM and 0.4 mM $CdSO_4$ and inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungus, Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) and grown in autoclaved peat vermiculite mixture for five months under greenhouse conditions. Ectomycorrhizal plants showed significantly higher Cd concentration in leaves, stems and roots than in non-mycorrhizal plants. Likewise, P contents in leaves and roots of ectomycorrhizal plants were higher than those of non-mycorrhizal plants. Acid phosphatase activity in leaves of ectomycorrhizal plants, however, was significantly lower than that of non-mycorrhizal plants. 0.1 mM Cd significantly increased P content in leaves and stems of non-mycorrhizal plants. In spite of high P concentration, which is accompanied by lower acid phosphatase activity, plant growth was not improved by inoculation with P. tinctorius. Total plant dry weight was lower than the non-mycorrhizal counterpart. The results imply that this might be caused by the large amount of energy consumption to alleviate Cd toxicity resulted from high Cd accumulation in their tissues.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제79권3호
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• pp.309-315
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• 1990

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 배양토(培養土), 모래밭버섯버섯균(菌) 접종(接種) 및 질소시비(窒素施肥)가 1년생(年生) 해송분묘(海松盆苗)의 생장(生長)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 실시(實施)하였다. 1. Vermiculite 구(區)에서는 사질양토구(砂質養土區)에서 보다 세근(細根) 및 균근수(菌根數)의 증가(增加)를 볼 수 있었고 묘고(苗高) 및 총건중(總乾重)이 증가(增加) 하였다. 2. 모래밭버섯균(菌) 접종구(接種區)가 무접종구(無接種區)보다 2년생(年生) 해송묘(海松苗)에 있어서 제일차(第一次) 측근수(側根數), 세근수(細根數) 및 총건중(總乾重)이 증가(增加)가 현저(顯著)하였다. 3. 2년생(年生) 해송분묘(海松盆苗) 생장(生長)은 전년도(前年度) 균근균(菌根菌) 접종(接種) 및 시비수준(施肥水準)에 크게 영향(影響)을 받았다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.341-349
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• 2004

오이와 방울토마토에 Glomus sp.를 종자파종과 고형배지경에 정식시 각각 접종하여 생장과 수량반응 및 균근 감염 양상 등을 비교 검토하였다. 오이와 방울토마토의 초장, 엽수, 엽면적 및 건물중 등의 전반적인 생장은 무접종 < 정식시 균근균 접종 < 파종시 균근균 접종의 순으로 양호하였으며, 과실수량반응은 종자파종시에 균근균을 접종할 경우 과실의 생체중이 가장 높게 나타났고, 과실의 당도도 증가하였다. 균근감염은 오이와 방울토마토 모두 주로 균사에 의하여 이루어 졌고. vesicle와 arbuscule에 의한 감염은 극히 적었다. 뿌리체내 균근균 감염율은 종자파종시 균근균 접종원 처리의 경우가 정식시에 균근균 접종원을 처리한 경우보다 높았다. 균근균 접종에 따른 과실 수확을 보면 오이의 경우 주당 과실수가 증가하였고, 토마토의 경우 주당 과실의 수확 중량이 증가하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 1994

딸기 모주(母株)로부터 얻은 포복경(匍匐莖)과 조직배양(組織培養)으로 얻은 딸기 묘(苗)에 가식시(假植時)와 순화처리(馴化處理) 전후(前後)의 시기에 딸기 근권토양(根圈土壤)에서 분리증식(分離增殖)한 VA균근균(菌根菌)을 접종(接種)시켜, 그 이후의 딸기 묘(苗) 생장반응(生長反應)을 조사(調査)하기 위하여 pot 실험(實驗)으로 비닐하우스에서 수행(遂行)하여 얻은 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. VA균근균(菌根菌)이 감염(感染)된 딸기 묘(苗)들이 총엽수(總葉數), 엽장(葉長), 엽폭(葉幅) 및 엽병장(葉柄長)에서 고도(高度)의 유의적(有意的)인 증가(增加)를 보여 생육이 증진(增進)되었다. 포복경(匍匐莖)에서 얻은 딸기 묘(苗)의 건물중(建物重), 화수(花數) 및 영화수(穎花數)에서도 균근접종효과(菌根接種效果)가 인정되었으나, 개화시기(開花時期)에는 영향하지 않았다. VA균근균(菌根菌)을 접종하지 않은 조직배양(組織培養) 딸기 묘(苗)의 순화처리(馴化處理) 후 4주경부터 잎의 가장자리가 적갈색(赤褐色)(7.5R 4/8)으로 변하였고, 순화처리(馴化處理) 전후(前後)의 균근감염(菌根感染)된 딸기 묘(苗)에서 균근협생(菌根協生) 혜택이 확인되었는데 순화처리(馴化處理)와 동시에 접종처리하는 것이 생육(生育)과 생장량(生長量)이 많았다. 처리별 균근의존도(菌根依存度)는 포복경(匍匐莖)의 경우 162.7%, 순화처리(馴化處理) 전후(前後)의 접종처리에서 각각 116.4%, 106.0%였다. 균근감염(菌根感染)은 식물생장(植物生長)과 함께 증가(增加)되었고 실험(實驗) 종료시(終了時)의 감염율은 조직배양(組織培養) 묘(苗)와 포복경(匍匐莖)으로 번식된 묘(苗)에서 각각 47.5%와 56.4%였으며, 식물체(植物體)의 화학분석(化學分析) 결과(結果)는 인산, 칼리 및 석회가 균근(菌根) 접종처리(接種處理)에서 더 높은 함량(含量)을 보이고 마그네슘 함량(含量)은 그 반대였다. 본 실험결과(實驗結果)에서 확인(確認)되는 점은 딸기 묘(苗)에 VA균근균(菌根菌)을 접종하는 것이 초기생육(初期生育)을 증진(增進)시키기 때문에 가식기간(假植期間)을 포함한 딸기의 육묘단계(育苗段階)에서 이용(利用)이 기대된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.203-206
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• 2017

The soil organisms that develop beneficial Symbiotic relationships with plants roots and contribute to plant growth are mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculations change the growth and biochemical composition of the host plant and soil. Mycorrhizal root systems do augment the absorbing area of roots from 10 to 100 times thereby greatly improving the ability of the plants to utilize the soil resources. A pot experiment was conducted during the kharif seasons at Jaipur, Rajasthan, to find out the effects of three different indigenous AM fungi i.e. Glomus mosseae, Glomus fasciculatum and Gigaspora decipiens either single and in combination inoculation on biochemical and histochemical changes of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) grown under barren soil conditions. The AM fungus has shown to improve the tolerance of plant to drought stress. Experimental results showed that AM fungi treated plants improved their plants growths, biochemical and histochemical changes as compared to non-mycorrhizal treatments. The AM fungi inoculated plant was found to be attaining maximum plant biochemical and histochemical substances in Glomus mosseae (alone) and also Glomus mosseae + Glomus fasciculatum treatments.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.408-416
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• 2010

To evaluate the effectiveness of AMF on the growth of horticultural crops, we compared mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants, perilla (P. frutescens Britt.), that were inoculated with AMF propagules. In the early stages of growth of perilla, compared to the AMF- perilla seedlings, in AMF+ perilla seedlings at 3 weeks after sowing, leaf length and width increased 17% and 29%, leaf area increased 28%, and shoot fresh weight increased 33%, root total length increased 1%, and chlorophyll content increased 3%. Further at 10 weeks after sowing, compared to the AMF- perilla plants, in perilla plants inoculated with AMF at the sowing and transplanting stages, leaf area increased 21% and 19%, shoot length increased 19% and 17%, root fresh weight increased 17% and 20%, and chlorophyll content increased 5.1% and 4.8%, respectively. Moreover, at 14 weeks after sowing, compared to the AMFperilla plants, in perilla plants inoculated with AMF at the sowing and transplanting stages, the number of leaves increased 16% and 20%, root fresh weight increased 16% and 17% significantly. Further, leaf fresh weight increased 9% and 11%, shoot diameter increased 4.5% and 7.3%, and chlorophyll content increased 1.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The levels of many macronutrients and micronutrients were tended to be significantly higher in AMF+ plants than in AMF- plants, supporting the association between AMF and enhanced growth of plants grown from AMF+ seedlings.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to understand the tolerance mechanism of woody plants to water stress and tolerance changes in relation to mycorrhizal formation. Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq. commonly used for erosion control in slopes were raised from seeds and transplanted to 120 plastic pots. Sixty pots received the top soil of a Fraxinus americana forest, while remaining 60 pots received the autoclaved top soil. The forest soil contained 1,200 spores per 100g of arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungus, mostly Glomus sp. The plants were raised outside with regular supply of water and mineral nutrients. Two kinds of water deficit treatment and a control were started at the middle of July : cyclic water deficit treatment with 3 cycles of sequential water stress at the point of xylem water potential of about -0.6, -0.6, and -1.7 MPa and recovery, and non-cyclic water deficit treatment with single water stress at about -1.5 MPa. The non-stressed plants received plenty of water throughout the period. In late August the plants were harvested for measurements of dry weight, N, P, carbohydrate contents, net photosynthesis and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities. Both cyclic and non-cyclic water deficit treatments reduced dry weight by 60% and 40%, respectively, and reduced nitrogen absorption, while increased SOD activities. Water-stressed plants also showed increased carbohydrate contents in the leaves and lowered stomatal conductance. Mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in an average of 40% infection of roots and 2-3 times increase in P absorption in water-stressed as well as non-stressed plants. Mycorrhizal formation also increased shoot-root ratio. The results that SOD activities of water-stressed plants with mycorrhizal infection were significantly lower than those of non-mycorrhizal plants suggest the possibility of improvement of water-stressed condition by mycorrhizal formation. It was concluded that endomycorrhizal formation increased tolerance of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya seedlings to water stress.