• Mycobiology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2015

The influences of temperature and nutritional conditions on the mycelium growth of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) and Pleurotus cystidiosus (PC) were investigated in laboratory experiment during the summer season of 2014. The results of the experiment indicated that potato dextrose agar (PDA) and yam dextrose agar (YDA) were the most suitable media for the mycelium growth of oyster mushroom PO while four media (PDA, YDA, sweet potato dextrose agar, and malt extract agar medium) were not significantly different in supporting mycelium growth of oyster mushroom PC. The optimal temperature for mycelium growth of both oyster mushroom species was obtained at $28^{\circ}C$. Mycelium growth of oyster mushroom PO was improved by carbon sources such as glucose, molasses, and at 1~5% sucrose concentration, mycelium colony diameter of mushroom PO was achieved the highest value. Whereas glucose, dextrose, and sucrose as carbon sources gave the good mycelium growth of oyster mushroom PC, and at 1~3% sucrose concentration, mycelium colony diameter of PC was achieved the maximum value. Ammonium chloride concentrations at 0.03~0.09% and 0.03~0.05% also gave the greatest values in mycelium colony diameter of mushroom PO and PC. Brown rice was found to be the most favourable for mycelium growth of two oyster mushroom species. In addition, sugarcane residue, acasia sawdust and corn cob were selected as favourable lignocellulosic substrate sources for mycelium growth of both oyster mushrooms.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1969

Effects of the special media on the mycelium growth in Agaricus campestris were studied. The results might be summarized as follows: 1. The mycelium growth fo Agaricus campestris were scarecely stimulated on the Peptone basal medium which was added 0.5gr. of Peptone and Dextrose basal medium which was added 1.5gr. of dextrose during the culture for 144 hours. 2. The mycelium of Agaricus campestris on the media which was added the several kinds of vegetable extracts showed a considerable growth for 144 hours. The order is as follows; Carrot-basal medium(4ml./100ml.)>Tomato-basal medium(2ml./100ml.)>Spinach-basal medium(3ml./100ml.). However, the spinach-basal medium among these three media were no significant difference.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.200-205
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• 1995

Nutritional factors regulating the morphological differentiation and physiological differentiation of Streptomyces exfoliatus SMF13 on surface cultures were evaluated. S. exfoliatus SMF13 produced leupeptin and chymotrypsin-like protease (CTP) at the stage of substrate mycelium growth, and leupeptin-inactivating enzyme (LIE) and trypsin-like protease (TLP) at the stage of aerial mycelium growth. The activity of leupeptin and CTP was high in the region of active growing substrate mycelium, whereas the activity of LIE and TLP was high in the region of aerial mycelium or spores. The differentiations were induced in glucose-limited conditions or by the addition of glucose anti-metabolite (methyl $\alpha$-glucopyranoside), but repressed by high concentrations of glucose or casamino acids. Morphological differentiation (formation of aerial mycelia and spores) was closely related with physiological differentiation (formation of brown-pigment, LIE and TLP). The local distribution of leupeptin, CTP, LIE, and TLP in a developing colony showed that colony development correlated with the production and functions of the compounds: CTP is essential for providing a nitrogen source for mycelium growth: leupeptin regulates TLP activity: LIE inactivates leupeptin: TLP hydrolyzes nongrowing mycelium.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 1994

Myceliuml growth and spore formation of Streptomyces albidoflavus SMF301 in submerged culture were compared with the metabolism of cysteine. Cysteine added to the culture was metabolized by cysteine desulfhydrase (EC 4.4.1.1.) to produce ammonium ions, hydrogen sulfide, and pyruvate. The redox potential of the culture broth was lowered immediately as the result of the metabolism of cysteine, which caused a lag period of mycelium growth. However enhanced activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase were confirmed in the culture containing cysteine, indicating that pyruvate was utilized to support further mycelium growth.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2017

In order to develop the culture material for breeding of Lentinula edodes, dikaryotic and monokaryotic mycelia were cultured in agar and sawdust medium. The cultivars were used Sanjo No. 701, Sanjo No. 705, Chamaram and Chuje No. 2 in this study. The mycelial growth of the cultivars were highest in PDA except for Sanjo No. 705, but Sanjo No. 705 showed the best mycelial growth in MCM. Regardless of the cultivars, the mycelial growth showed the most stable in MEA. There was no significant difference in mycelial growth among the cultivars in sawdust medium, but it was about 10% faster than that of Sanjo No. 701 and 705. Monokaryotic strains of Sanjo No. 701 and Chamaram showed less mycelial growth than dikaryotic mycelium. Dikaryotic mycelium of Chamaram showed better mycelial growth than that of Sanjo No. 701, but monokaryotic mycelium of Chamaram showed lower mycelial growth than Sanjo No. 701. The selected monokaryotic mycelium has a wide varience of mycelial growth, and the morphologies of the colonies are very diverse, so those are presumed that wide variences of monokaryotic are selected in genetically, and these monokaryotic mycelium are expected to be a good breeding materials.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.315-321
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• 1995

The relationship between morphological differentiation and production of trypsin-like protease (TLP_ in streptomycetes was studied. All the Streptomyces spp.In this study produced TLP just before the onset of aerial mycelium formation. Addition of TLP inhibitor, TLCK, to the top surface of colonies inhibited aerial mycelium formation as well as TLP inhibitor, TLCK, to the top surface of colonies inhibited aerial mycelium formation as well as TLP activity. Addition of 2% glucose to the Bennett agar medium repressed both the aerial mycelium formation and TLP production in S. abuvaviensis, S. coelicolor A3(2), S exfoliatus, S. microflavus, S. roseus, s. lavendulae, and S. rochei. However the addition of glucose did not affect S. limosus, S. felleus, S. griseus, S. phaechromogenes, and S. rimosus. The glucose repression on aerial mycelium formation and production of TLP was relieved by the addition of glucose anti-metabolite (methyl .alpha.-glucopyranoside). Therefore, it was concluded that TLP production is coordinately regulated with morphological differentiation and TLP activity is essential for morphological differentiation in streptomycetes. The proposed role of TLP is that TLP participates in the degradation of substrate mycelium protein for providing nutrient for aerial mycelial growth.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 1988

pH decreased as the substrate mycelium developed, $\Delta$pH was 1.05-1.15, but increased after the aerial mycelium formation. The lactic acid content in culture solution showed no difference between 0.2% and 5% glucose, at which the aerial mycelium formation was repressed. The growth and development of mycelium was delayed by the lactate treatment. The activity of catalase was maximum in 24 hours after inoculation, and the wuperoxide dismutase activity showed a constant level during the developmental phases. The ascorbic acid accumulated after the aerial mycelium formation. The ascorbate oxidase isozyme of Rf 0.44 appeared, while the isozyme of Rf 0.36 desappeared during the development.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.287-293
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• 1999

To assess the effects of gamma-ray (Co-60) on radiation sensitivity and genetic similarity of the basidiospore and mycelium in oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, the D$_{10}$ values and RAPD patterns were analysed. Three strains were isolated from basidiospores (PO-Bl, -B2, and - B3 from 2 kGy irradiation group) and five strains from mycelia (PO-Ml, -M2 from 1 key, PO-M3 from 2 kGy, and PO-M4 and -M5 from 2+1 key irradiation group). The D$_{10}$ values of basidiospore and mycelium of P. Preurotus ostreatus were 1,250 Gy and 500 Gy, respectively. The growth rates of the eight strains on the five media were various and the activities of extracellular chitinases of them were generally higher than those of the control. By the gamma-ray radiation, 22-25% of genetic similarities were changed in the basidiospore strains and 23-36% of them in the mycelium strains. From these results, it seems that the basidiospore could be more radio-resistant than the mycelium of P. ostreatus and that the genetic similarity of the mycelium of P ostrentus could be changed easier than that of the basidiospore by the gamma-ray radiation.ion.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2006

Streptomycetes are Gram-positive microorganisms producing secondary metabolites through unique physiological differentiation [4]. The microbes show unusual morphological differentiation to form substrate mycelia, aerial mycelia, and arthrospores on solid medium [19]. Substrate mycelium growth is sustaining with sufficient nutrients in the culture medium. The concentration of a specific individual substrate in the culture environment is the most important extracellular factor allowing vegetative mycelia growth, where extracellular hydrolytic enzymes participate in the utilization of waterinsoluble substrates. However, with starvation of nutrients in the culture medium, the vegetative mycelia differentiate to aerial mycelia and spores. It has been considered that shiftdown of essential nutrients for mycelia growth is the most important factor triggering morphological and physiological differentiation in Streptomyces spp. Since proteineous macromolecule compounds are the major cellular components, these are faced to endogenously metabolize following a severe depletion of nitrogen source in culture nutrients (Fig. 1). Various proteases were identified of which production was specifically related with the phase of mycelium growth and also morphological differentiation. The involvement of proteases and protease inhibitor is reviewed as a factor explaining the mycelium differentiation in Streptomyces spp.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.49-66
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• 1981

The objectives of this investigation were to produce artificially an antitumor constituent by submerged culture of the mycelium of Coriolus versicolor (Fr.) Quel., to characterize the influence of various modifications of the nutrient and culture conditions with respect to the pro­duction, to determine chemical composition of the antitumor constituent, and to examine effects of the constituent on the immune response of mice. Submerged agitation of the mycelium in flasks containing a nutrient solution showed its adequate growth. Especially the mycelial growth in the medium containing glucose and yeast extract was abundant. The addition of cotton seed flour or ginseng waste to the medium increased the yield of mycelial growth and the production of the antitumor constituent. The replacement of glucose with starch also yielded the adequate growth. The antitumor constituent extracted from the mycelium and isolated from the culture filtrate was a protein-bound polysaccharide. The analyses of this constituent by GLC and amino acid autoanalysis showed that it contained four monosaccharides and fifteen amino acids. The protein-free polysaccharide of the constituent was also found to exert greater antitumor activity against sarcoma-180 in mice than the entire constituent. The antitumor constituent was found to potentiate the immune response of mice against sheep red blood cell. The protein-bound polysaccharide exerted more favorable influence on the immunity than the protein-free moiety.