• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제27권
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• pp.341-363
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• 1994

This study is composed of two parts, The one is a description of the establishment, organization, activities and an evaluation of the four international organizations of Asian libraries and librarians: Asian Federation of Library Associations(AFLA), Congress of Southeast Asian Librarians (CONSAL), Conference of Directors of National Libraries of Asia and Oceania(CDNLAO) and Association of Parliamentary Librarians of Asia and the Pacific(APLAP). The other is an investigation of status quo of the mutual exchange in librarianship between Korea, China and Japan. It is suggested that some ways toward active participation in the international cooperative systems between Asian libraries and librarians be explored.

• 한국영어학회지:영어학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.575-587
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• 2002

In this paper we discuss the contrastive nature of formalism and functionalism in linguistics. Though the mainstreams of linguistic analysis have been focused on the form and function, they have been challenged from each other's strong points. On the one hand, the formal description has been studied in the tradition of generative grammar. On the other hand, the functional nature has played a crucial role in the framework of language use. It seems undesirable to argue that there is one-sided bias toward any type of linguistic approach. I try to present a balanced view of these two contrastive approaches. We also argue that there should be a cooperative work in developing the mutual growth of linguistic theory.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제22권50호
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• pp.33-44
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• 1999

This paper describes the Autonomous Vehicles (AV) which are operated for their own tasks. There are chances of conflict resolution such as sharing the same path which can lead to the risk of a collision. This research represents some ways of negotiating the conflict resolution by generating cooperative actions. Negotiation while traveling the path is accomplished by using priority and by announcing the start time of the task. When there is a risk of collision, the AV tries to dissolve the situation of conflict resolution by concurrently adjusting mutual speed and by performing the algorithm of passing. If the speed of the AV cannot be adjusted, it measures the distance between the counterpart of the AV and an obstacle along the path. Then it judges either to proceed by passing the counterpart of the AV or to turn back after observing the current circumstances. The performance of the algorithm described above was proven by a simulator.

• 아동학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2004

This study was to find out children's Negotiation Levels(NLs) according to their age and gender. The subjects for this study were 143 children of 7, 9, 12 years. Two children dyads participated in the experimental play situation with Rokenbok Electronic Toy Systems. The NLs in children's interactive dialogue & actions were scored with Stone, Robinson & Taylor(1980)'s 'Negotiation of Task Completion Coding Manual'. They were coded into Level 0(no interaction), Level l(one way interaction), Level 2(reciprocally interaction), Level 3(mutual or cooperative interaction). The results were as follows; 1) 12-year-old children negotiated with higher level than 7-and 9-year old children 2) Boys' NLs average were higher than girls'. These results imply that 1) the fluctuation of NLs in childhood, especially around 10 years, should be interpreted carefully, 2) various measuring kits for negotiation should be developed considering children's characteristics, such as age, gender etc.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제20권43호
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• pp.381-392
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• 1997

Korea and Japan have maintained an intimate relationship of economic exchange. However, even though both countries have made sound advances in the ASIAN market, they have not established mutually remarkable cooperative relations and advances in the ASIAN market. If korean companies with abundant experience and management ability provide able managers and skilled labor and if Japanese companies provide construction technology, capital and information, they could enjoy enomorous mutual benefits by advancing in the area of plant construction in foreign countries. Therefore, if they cooperate with each other by establishing complementary cooperation, both countries can gain an advantage in international competitiveness with western advanced countries.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.359-360
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• 2022

In light of the unprecedented occupational health and safety concerns that have been raised in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of seafarers' mental health has been significantly underlined. Despite the fact that there has been a significant amount of research on the psychological threats of seafarers' mental health, mutual cooperative actions on this issue have not been properly coordinated among seafarers' relevant bodies and stakeholders in APEC region. This paper introduces the APEC SEN's initiatives that have been undertaken to improve the mental health of seafarers, in collaboration with medical professionals, seafarers' unions, maritime administrations, and other stakeholders, through the development of training programmes and materials for both seafarers and modulators, resulting in a more effective approach to mental healthcare promotion.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

Purpose - Over 90% of Domestic logistics industry is small enterprise and they are experiencing growth stagnation due to price-based competition structure rather than constructing logistics service of high added value. In order to get over this situation and pursue the development of logistics industry, strengthening its competitiveness, through inter-enterprise cooperative network build-up, would be a key alternative. Therefore, in this study, an index for measuring inter-enterprise cooperation level of Joint logistics business will be developed as a typical collaborative business model in logistics industry. Moreover, a strengthening competitiveness method suggests a developmental step and a key management index to mature in logistics industry. Research Design, Data, Methodology - This study is an index development research for measuring inter-enterprise cooperation level of logistics industry. Such a level was measured by performing a survey by targeting enterprises that participated in Joint logistics business. The targeting enterprises are typical cooperative models in logistics industry. Measurement items were developed which were based on the presented items in existing research. Question items were composed of selection type questions as answering Yes/No. They measures implementation status of corporate activity and detailed activity items measuring qualitative level. Total samples were based on 116 enterprise samples including 90 logistics enterprises and 26 shippers. In addition, by evaluating the importance for Joint logistics business recognition with personnel working level, the weight of measuring variable was extracted. This study has built an assessment tools (LPCI) on Joint logistics business cooperation level in a situation where there are no previous studies on joint logistics business, this study is meaningful for other studies. Results - As a result of analyzing LPCI presented in this study, the score of logistics enterprise was represented as 59.9 points based on full score of 100 points and that of shippers as 47.2 points and cooperation level among enterprises participated in Joint logistics business was revealed to be very low. In particular, as a result of measuring the importance between logistics enterprise and shippers, the difference by each measurement standard was represented among those enterprises. This difference is considered to be a key factor that cooperative operational conformity between logistics enterprises and shippers is represented to be low. Conclusions - As most joint logistics business, being promoted at present, is sharing facility and information with joint logistics business, it is hard to find such a joint logistics business in reality based on cooperative business model in main cooperation agents. Therefore, competitiveness of logistics industry could be strengthened by promoting joint logistics business based on their mutual cooperation among enterprises. In other words, it is to secure sustainable competitiveness of joint logistics business together with creation of new market by inter-enterprise cooperation based on integration of basic logistics business.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2011

본 연구는 다수단 교통망에서 교통시설 운영자와 이용자의 상호 의사결정과정을 고려하여 교통시설의 건설 및 운영 정책 문제를 해결하기 위한 다수단 연속형 교통망 설계문제를 다룬다. 특히, 교통시설에 대한 정책변화에 따라 교통수단간 통행이 어떻게 변화하는가를 고려하기 위하여 승용차 교통망과 대중교통 교통망을 함께 고려하고자한다. 이러한 교통망 설계 모형을 개발함에 있어서 일반적인 Nash 균형(비협력 게임)의 접근법이 아닌 좀 더 합리적이라고 연구되어진 Stackelberg 균형(협력적 게임)의 접근법을 이용하고 그러한 방법으로 다수단 교통망의 교통수단 선택을 고려한 민감도 분석 방법을 적용한다. 본 연구의 다수단 연속형 교통망 설계 모형은 교통정책 결정에 대한 임의의 연속형 교통망 설계변수(${\epsilon},\hat{\epsilon},p$)에 대해서 개발되어진다. 또한 모형의 적용 및 평가를 위하여 1)도로 정책에 대한 최적 도로용량 산정과 2)대중교통 정책에 대한 최적 대중교통 노선빈도 산정 그리고 3)교통체계의 수단분담 정책에 대한 현 교통체계의 최적 목표 수단분담율 산정 문제에 모형을 적용하여 본다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.81-108
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• 2008

Since the declaration made by UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on EEZs, The open seas of Northeast Asia, considerd as a convention area, needed new agreements in conformity with the changes brought by the introduction of the Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) system. The Contracting Parties of these agreements set up their own EEZs, which extend certain ranges from their baselines, Fishing in the other party's EEZ is done based on mutual agreements, which take into account traditional fishing activity in the zones. Seperate fishries management systems, in accordance with the relevant legal status of the waters, are applied to individual overlapping areas: Middle Zone in the Bast Sea and the waters south of jeju Island, Interim Measure Zone in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, and the Transitional Zone in the Yellow Sea. They decided to conclude fisheries agreements as the provisional agreement under Article 74(3) of the UN Convention before the delimitations of the EEZs to avoid the territorial disputes. China and Japan concluded the Fishries Agreement in the November 1997, allowing each coastal State 52 mile EEZ. it was followed by Korea and Japan in September 1998, reaching a final compromise. And also Korea and China came to a satisfactary settlement in November 1998. Fisheries agreements have been established between the three North-east Asian States, the agreement are all bilateral. That implies inefficient resource management on the overlapping waters of the three states, especially on the East China Sea. The Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement and the China-Japan Fishery Agreement worked as governing rules in the North-east Asian seas before the establishment of EEZs (Exclusive Economic Zones). However the conclusion of the bilateral fishery agreements, Korea China and Japan have developed EEZs, and these three countries have competed for the exploitation of fisheries resources. Therefore, the issue of fisheries resource management was no longer a single countries' problem and emerged as a common issue facing these three countries. In recognition of the above-mentioned problem, it is needed for the construction of cooperative System fishery management in the North-east Asian seas. Therefore, cooperative measures should be establishied. The final goal of the construction of fisheries management cooperative system is to establish sustainable fisheries in the North-east Asian seas. However, there is a big difference in fisheries management tools, fishing gear, exploitation rate of species, etc. This implies that a careful approach should be taken in order to achieve the cooperative fisheries management among Korea, China and Japan. conclusionly, the Governments of Korea, China and Japan should complement three bilateral agreemens, and which they prepares to 'Fisheries Resource Restore Program' Between Korea, China and Japan in the adjacent waters south of Jeju Island.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

이 연구는 2015년 1월부터 12월까지 1년간의 자동차보험으로 진료 받은 치과와 한방을 제외한 의과 8,589,602건에 대해 자동차보험회사별로 진료특성과 진료비 차이를 분석한 것으로 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일반적 특성 중, 연령에서는 손해보험과 공제조합 모두 50-59세가 22.8%로 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 둘째, 진료과별 입원 건당진료비는 손해보험과 공제조합 모두 내과계가 외과계보다 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 외과계 세부과목별로는 손해보험회사와 공제조합 모두 흉부외과가 가장 높게 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 볼 때, 심사평가원에서는 자동차보험 청구요양기관에 대한 적정성평가를 실시하여 불필요한 진료비를 증가시키는 문제와 환자의 재활 및 일상생활의 복귀가 지연되어 발생하는 사회적 비용 문제를 해결하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.