• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.41-50
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• 2021

While artificial intelligence is rapidly replacing human jobs, the art field where human creativity is important is considered an exception. There are currently several AI mastering services in the field of mastering music, a profession at the border between art and technology. In general, the quality of AI mastering is considered to be inferior to the work of a human professional mastering engineer. In this paper, acoustic analysis, listening experiments, and expert interviews were conducted to compare AI and human experts. In the acoustic analysis, In the analysis of audio, there was no significant difference between the results of professional mastering engineers and the results of artificial intelligence. In the listening experiment, the non-musicians could not distinguish between the sound quality of the professional mastering engineer's work and the artificial intelligence work. The group of musicians showed a preference for a specific sound source, but the preference for a specific mastering did not appear significantly. In an expert interview, In expert interviews, respondents answered that there was no significant difference in quality between the two mastering services, and the biggest difference was the communication method between the mastering service provider and the user. In addition, as data increases, it is expected that artificial intelligence mastering will achieve rapid quality improvement and further improvement in communication.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.151-160
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• 2020

In the past, musicians followed strict patterns written by composers when playing classical music. However, since the development of postmodernism, which puts an emphasis on unique individualities and various ways of thinking, following the strict patterns of classical music unquestioningly became less significant. Classical music was thought to be difficult to follow and enjoy for most people. Thus, musicians have found ways to keep the dignity of classical music but added familiarity in order to popularize arias in operas. They created classical crossover music and this type of music enabled people to enjoy easy access to classical music. However, not many studies focus on arrangement methods of changing classical music into crossover music. The goal of this study is to research on arrangement methods of crossover music based on the findings from precedent researches on operas. This study focused on analyzing musical structure including chords, rhythms and compositions of musical instruments. According to the analysis, original classical songs and popera, which is a type of crossover music, share similarities in terms of rhythms and chords. However, there are differences when it comes to compositions of musical instruments. In case of a jazz version, it uses AfroCuban rhythm as well as Bolero rhythm which is a part of ballad and jazz acoustic instruments are mainly used. Also, in order to reduce the feeling of classical music and to differentiate the jazz version from the original version, a lot of tension is used in voicing. This study can be helpful for any researches related to arrangements of classical crossover music.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.1-18
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• 2021

Idol music, which began to gain huge popularity in the domestic music market in the mid-1990s, has become one of the major global contents thanks to the global popularity of K-POP. As a result, the Korean music market continues to grow, forming the world's sixth-largest music market, and domestic music agencies are focusing more on fostering idol groups and producing idol music. The global success of idol music is surprising, but this has resulted in the domestic music market being biased toward idol music. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that there are several problems with the phenomenon of being biased toward similar types of musicians and music content. First, just as trend-oriented cultural contents face the problem of life expectancy all the time, the "Korean Wave" is also forced to think in terms of identity and sustainability. Second, it was observed that only consumers of a certain age may cause cultural alienation of other age groups, and thirdly, various problems such as shrinking creative paths due to the size of the cost required for idol group production and the lifespan of idol musicians' art activities. This paper derives the reality of the domestic idol bias phenomenon through comparative analysis of the English-American music market and the domestic music market, which have had a profound influence on the global music market in popular music history, and verified the theory and results through an expert survey using the Likert scale. In addition, the problems caused by the idol bias phenomenon were considered based on the theory of cultural diversity, and improvement directions were also suggested to solve this problem.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.293-299
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• 2018

Led Zeppelin, Steely Dan, TOTO, SpyroGyra, are a few examples of Halftime Shuffle Groove. This paper studies Halftime Shuffle Groove. Based on the performance examples, this paper compares and analyzes each representative song to examine the concise yet quite different way of playing rhythm patterns through music score, wave sound source, and so on. It is very important to analyze and study the rhythm of world-renowned musicians and to explore the diversity of modern rhythmic patterns more efficiently in contemporary music. This paper analyzes Halftime Shuffle Grooves and rhythms with their properties to investigate various possibilities that do not narrow the mechanized rhythm.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.1095-1100
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• 2009

The interests and studies on co-creation activity in metaverse space, or MMO communication applications, increase sharply. The study performed the experiments on the participatory virtual space design that has dedicated to the common goal of creativity, and provides the environments to enhance ideas, technologies, and artistic artifacts sharing and communication. The participants were recruited from a community of artists and musicians. They have been actively participated the design process as photographers, painters, media artists, sound artists, and collectors. During the period, we have preceded 5 consecutive experiments, which were led by 5 independent artists, tested the value of co-creation spaces.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2005

This study deals with a subjective assessment to investigate the preferred acoustic conditions and determine the important acoustical parameters in concert halls. A subjective test was carried out using dummy head recorded sounds made in actual halls in Australia (referred to as Hall A and Hall B) to evaluate the acoustic performance of two halls. The results of subjective tests were then correlated with measured acoustical parameters to investigate the significant determinants for the preference judgements. The listeners show a stronger Preference for seats in the Hall B than those in the Hall A. The low preferences for seats in the Hall A are in agreement with live performance ratings assessed by musicians. It is found that the sound level is the most significant acoustical parameter for evaluating the overall acoustic preference in the two halls.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.15-29
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• 2013

Today's technology enables consumers to trade millions of dollars, conduct online banking, access entertainment, and do countless other activities at the click of a button. Online social networks (OSN) have become a cultural phenomenon that allows for individualistic consumerism. Consumers are increasingly utilizing OSN to share ideas, build communities, and contact fellow consumers who are similar to themselves. The relevance of online communities to the music is immense especially because musicians are now using social media to build global audiences. Not only is information about music and performance disseminated online, but musical commodities are sold and traded online. Online music communities allow consumers to elect and create new identities online through the purchase of subcultural commodities. Given the growing economic importance of online music communities it is important to get a holistic view of subcultural communities online. This study utilized content analysis of online music community websites using the Netnography methodology as developed by Kozinet for data collection to analyze consumers' purchasing and consumption behavior of subcultural commodities online as related to the formation of subcultural identities. Findings showed that subcultural items are predominantly purchased online, especially digital music, and there is a need for more custom craft items. The authors presented a new conceptual taxonomy of online subcultural consumer classifications based on online behavior patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.121-135
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• 2003

This paper is about the dress styles during the 16th century of the Chosun dynasty, just before the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, through painting-Kiyeonghoido. In the Chosun period, dress styles played an important role in representing the differences in social status. The most remarkable signs of social standing are the hair ornaments. Officials in ranks, noksas, and seoris are wearing a same, a yugakpyeongjeongeon and a mugakpyeongjeongeon respectively. The head ornament for musicians in high ranks is a samo, and, for those in low ranks a hood or a heuklip. Accordingly, head ornaments were important articles among apparels, and especially ripja was an article that sensitively reflected the contemporary fashion. Such a trend also influenced the common people's styles of dress. Thus, the style of the heuklip worn by the chamberlain in Kiyeonghoido resembled of yangban's. Actual official uniforms also diverged from the specifications for them. Sangboks were red for both dangsanggwans and danghagwans, but their ranks were marked by the material of their dress rather than by the breast plates. Dress styles change over time as the society members influence and are influenced by each other. Therefore, owing to the social characteristics of a hierarchical society, dress styles are distinctive according to the wearers' social standings and roles, and various dress styles emerge that deviate from regulations. The significance of the present paper is to review the diversity of the dress styles during the 16th century of the Chosun dynasty.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.615-624
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• 2020

By enabling musicians to freely control the elements involved in sound production and tone generation with a variety of timbre, synthesizers have revolutionized and permanently changed music since the 1960s. Paik-Abe Video Synthesizer, a masterpiece of video art maestro Nam June Paik, is a prominent example of re-interpretation of this new musical instrument in the realm of video and audio. This article examines Paik-Abe Video Synthesizer as an innovative instrument to play videos from the perspective of audiovisual art, and establishes its aesthetic value and significance through both artistic and technical analysis. The instrument, which embodied the concept of image sampling and real-time interactive video as an image-based multi-channel music production tool, contributed to establishing a new relationship between sound and image within the realm of audiovisual art. The fact that his video synthesizer not only adds image to sound, but also presents a complete fusion of image and sound as an image instrument with musical characteristics, becomes highly meaningful in this age of synesthesia.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.30-37
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• 1987

Twelve Korean monophthongs were studied by formant analysis, fundamental frequencies and their harmonics were considered as the parameters of analysis. The analyzed data were twelve Korean monophthongs which were pronounced with the five fundamental frequencies by the five male vocal musicians. The study shows that the first and the second formants are characterized by the resonance of the cavities of pharymx and mouth, respectively. The lip rounding effect detreases the second formant frequency. The phonemes of $[a]/[\alpha ], [e]/[\varepsilon] and [\partial]/[\Lambda]$were not distinguished well in this formant analysis.