• 제목/요약/키워드: Music Psychology

검색결과 54건 처리시간 0.02초

교차 양상과 부정 정서에서의 정서 불일치 효과에 따른 기억의 차이 (Effect of Emotional Incongruence in Negative Emotional Valence & Cross-modality)

  • 김소연;한광희
    • 감성과학
    • /
    • 제17권3호
    • /
    • pp.107-116
    • /
    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 정서를 두 양상(청각, 시각)으로 제시할 시, 두 양상의 정서가 일치 혹은 불일치 할 경우 각성과 재인 기억, 회상 기억에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 첫 번째 가설은 교차 양상에서의 정서 불일치는 일치 할 때 보다 각성 뿐만 아니라 재인, 회상 기억 모두 높을 것이라는 것이다. 두 번째 가설은 각성이 회상 기억과 재인 기억을 modulate한다는 것이다. 가설을 증명하기 위해 시각과 청각의 정서를 긍정 정서와 부정 정서로 조작하여 일치 조건과 불일치 조건으로 조작하였다. 각 조건에서는 재인 기억과제와 회상 기억 과제의 정확도를 종속 변인으로 측정하였으며, PAD(Pleasure-arousal-dominance) 척도를 이용하여 참가자의 각성 수준을 측정하였다. 또한 8일이 지난 후, 참가자 모두에게 실험 자극으로 쓰인 영상에 대해 재인 기억 과제를 통해 다시 검사하였다. 연구 결과, 각성의 경우 영상을 본 후의 각성 차이는 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타났지만(p<.001), 일치와 불일치 조건 간의 각성 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 정서가 일치하는 조건과 불일치하는 조건에서 재인 기억이 통계적으로 유의미하지는 않았지만, 영상 정서의 주 효과가 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타났다. 이로 인해 두 가지 정서로 나누어 분석한 결과, 부정 정서 영상에 노출된 조건에서만 일치 조건과 불일치 조건에서의 재인 기억이 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다(p= .044). 사후 분석 결과, 불일치 조건에서 일치 조건 보다 높은 점수를 보였다. 회상 기억의 경우, 영상 정서조건과 일치, 불일치 조건 간의 상호작용이 나타났다(p=.039). 따라서 본 연구에서는 부정 정서에서의 불일치 효과는 증명하였지만, 각성으로 인한 효과는 증명하지 못하였다.

Use of Digital Educational Resources in the Training of Future Specialists in the EU Countries

  • Plakhotnik, Olga;Zlatnikov, Valentyn;Matviienko, Olena;Bezliudnyi, Oleksandr;Havrylenko, Anna;Yashchuk, Olena;Andrusyk, Pavlo
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
    • /
    • 제22권10호
    • /
    • pp.17-24
    • /
    • 2022
  • The article proves that the main goal of informatization of higher education institutions in the EU countries is to improve the quality of education of future specialists by introducing digital educational resources into the education process. The main tasks of informatization of education are defined. Digital educational resources are interpreted as a set of data in digital form that is applicable for use in the learning process; it is an information source containing graphic, text, digital, speech, music, video, photo and other information aimed at implementing the goals and objectives of modern education; educational resources on the Internet, electronic textbooks, educational programs, electronic libraries, etc. The creation of digital educational resources is defined as one of the main directions of informatization of all forms and levels of Education. Types of digital educational resources by educational functions are considered. The factors that determine the effectiveness of using digital educational resources in the educational process are identified. The use of digital educational resources in the training of future specialists in the EU countries is considered in detail. European countries note that digital educational resources in professional use allow you to implement a fundamentally new approach to teaching and education, which is based on broad communication, free exchange of opinions, ideas, information of participants in a joint project, on a completely natural desire to learn new things, expand their horizons; is based on real research methods (scientific or creative laboratories), allowing you to learn the laws of nature, the basics of techniques, technology, social phenomena in their dynamics, in the process of solving vital problems, features of various types of creativity in the process of joint activities of a group of participants; promotes the acquisition by teachers of various related skills that can be very useful in their professional activities, including the skills of using computer equipment and various digital technologies.

간호학 교과과정 개선을 위한 조사 연구 (A Study on improvement of curriculum in Nursing)

  • 김애실
    • 대한간호학회지
    • /
    • 제4권2호
    • /
    • pp.1-16
    • /
    • 1974
  • This Study involved the development of a survey form and the collection of data in an effort-to provide information which can be used in the improvement of nursing curricula. The data examined were the kinds courses currently being taught in the curricula of nursing education institutions throughout Korea, credits required for course completion, and year in-which courses are taken. For the purposes of this study, curricula were classified into college, nursing school and vocational school categories. Courses were directed into the 3 major categories of general education courses, supporting science courses and professional education course, and further subdirector as. follows: 1) General education (following the classification of Philip H. phoenix): a) Symbolics, b) Empirics, c) Aesthetics. 4) Synthetics, e) Ethics, f) Synoptic. 2) Supporting science: a) physical science, b) biological science, c) social science, d) behavioral science, e) Health science, f) Educations 3) Professional Education; a) basic courses, b) courses in each of the respective fields of nursing. Ⅰ. General Education aimed at developing the individual as a person and as a member of society is relatively strong in college curricula compared with the other two. a) Courses included in the category of symbolics included Korean language, English, German. Chines. Mathematics. Statics: Economics and Computer most college curricula included 20 credits. of courses in this sub-category, while nursing schools required 12 credits and vocational school 10 units. English ordinarily receives particularly heavy emphasis. b) Research methodology, Domestic affair and women & courtney was included under the category of empirics in the college curricula, nursing and vocational school do not offer this at all. c) Courses classified under aesthetics were physical education, drill, music, recreation and fine arts. Most college curricula had 4 credits in these areas, nursing school provided for 2 credits, and most vocational schools offered 10 units. d) Synoptic included leadership, interpersonal relationship, and communications, Most schools did not offer courses of this nature. e) The category of ethics included citizenship. 2 credits are provided in college curricula, while vocational schools require 4 units. Nursing schools do not offer these courses. f) Courses included under synoptic were Korean history, cultural history, philosophy, Logics, and religion. Most college curricular 5 credits in these areas, nursing schools 4 credits. and vocational schools 2 units. g) Only physical education was given every Year in college curricula and only English was given in nursing schools and vocational schools in every of the curriculum. Most of the other courses were given during the first year of the curriculum. Ⅱ. Supporting science courses are fundamental to the practice and application of nursing theory. a) Physical science course include physics, chemistry and natural science. most colleges and nursing schools provided for 2 credits of physical science courses in their curricula, while most vocational schools did not offer t me. b) Courses included under biological science were anatomy, physiologic, biology and biochemistry. Most college curricula provided for 15 credits of biological science, nursing schools for the most part provided for 11 credits, and most vocational schools provided for 8 units. c) Courses included under social science were sociology and anthropology. Most colleges provided for 1 credit in courses of this category, which most nursing schools provided for 2 creates Most vocational school did not provide courses of this type. d) Courses included under behavioral science were general and clinical psychology, developmental psychology. mental hygiene and guidance. Most schools did not provide for these courses. e) Courses included under health science included pharmacy and pharmacology, microbiology, pathology, nutrition and dietetics, parasitology, and Chinese medicine. Most college curricula provided for 11 credits, while most nursing schools provide for 12 credits, most part provided 20 units of medical courses. f) Courses included under education included educational psychology, principles of education, philosophy of education, history of education, social education, educational evaluation, educational curricula, class management, guidance techniques and school & community. Host college softer 3 credits in courses in this category, while nursing schools provide 8 credits and vocational schools provide for 6 units, 50% of the colleges prepare these students to qualify as regular teachers of the second level, while 91% of the nursing schools and 60% of the vocational schools prepare their of the vocational schools prepare their students to qualify as school nurse. g) The majority of colleges start supporting science courses in the first year and complete them by the second year. Nursing schools and vocational schools usually complete them in the first year. Ⅲ. Professional Education courses are designed to develop professional nursing knowledge, attitudes and skills in the students. a) Basic courses include social nursing, nursing ethics, history of nursing professional control, nursing administration, social medicine, social welfare, introductory nursing, advanced nursing, medical regulations, efficient nursing, nursing english and basic nursing, College curricula devoted 13 credits to these subjects, nursing schools 14 credits, and vocational schools 26 units indicating a severe difference in the scope of education provided. b) There was noticeable tendency for the colleges to take a unified approach to the branches of nursing. 60% of the schools had courses in public health nursing, 80% in pediatric nursing, 60% in obstetric nursing, 90% in psychiatric nursing and 80% in medical-surgical nursing. The greatest number of schools provided 48 crudites in all of these fields combined. in most of the nursing schools, 52 credits were provided for courses divided according to disease. in the vocational schools, unified courses are provided in public health nursing, child nursing, maternal nursing, psychiatric nursing and adult nursing. In addition, one unit is provided for one hour a week of practice. The total number of units provided in the greatest number of vocational schools is thus Ⅲ units double the number provided in nursing schools and colleges. c) In th leges, the second year is devoted mainly to basic nursing courses, while the third and fourth years are used for advanced nursing courses. In nursing schools and vocational schools, the first year deals primarily with basic nursing and the second and third years are used to cover advanced nursing courses. The study yielded the following conclusions. 1. Instructional goals should be established for each courses in line with the idea of nursing, and curriculum improvements should be made accordingly. 2. Course that fall under the synthetics category should be strengthened and ways should be sought to develop the ability to cooperate with those who work for human welfare and health. 3. The ability to solve problems on the basis of scientific principles and knowledge and understanding of man society should be fostered through a strengthening of courses dealing with physical sciences, social sciences and behavioral sciences and redistribution of courses emphasizing biological and health sciences. 4. There should be more balanced curricula with less emphasis on courses in the major There is a need to establish courses necessary for the individual nurse by doing away with courses centered around specific diseases and combining them in unified courses. In addition it is possible to develop skill in dealing with people by using the social setting in comprehensive training. The most efficient ratio of the study experience should be studied to provide more effective, interesting education Elective course should be initiated to insure a man flexible, responsive educational program. 5. The curriculum stipulated in the education law should be examined.

  • PDF

무의식의 창조성 관점으로 고찰한 창조신화: 흑암/혼돈, 천지개벽/분리, 섬/육지 창조 중심 (Psychological Meaning of Creation Myths: Focused on Darkness/Massa Confusa, Separation of World Parent and Creation of Land/Island)

  • 김진숙
    • 심성연구
    • /
    • 제38권2호
    • /
    • pp.269-304
    • /
    • 2023
  • 본 논문의 취지는 창조신화에 보편적으로 나타나는 흑암/혼돈 천지개벽/분리, 육지/산 창조 관련 신화의 심리학적 의미를 임상현장에서 관찰한 꿈, 적극적 상상 및 예술작업과 연관하여 무의식의 창조성과 치유적인 기능을 드러내는 것에 있다. 먼저 창조신화가 개인사나 인류사에서 혼돈에서 새로운 질서를 필요로 할 때 무의식의 창조성에 의하여 저절로 만들어지는 원형적인 투사 현상으로서 자아의 태도에 따라 새로운 의식의 도약(재건)의 조짐이 될 수도 있고 자아의식의 침범이 될 수 있음을 논하고, 융, 폰 프란츠, 노이만, 하딩, 에딘져 및 국내의 연구현황과 연구자의 선행연구를 소개하면서 사례를 연관시켜서 연구하게 된 배경을 밝힌다. 창조신화의 흑암/원초적인 혼돈(massa confusa)'의 심리학적 의미에서 '흑암'은 어두워서 보지 못하는 무의식 상태로 보고 어둠속에서 기어다니는 에스키모의 창조자와 어둠속에 있거나 보는 것에 문제가 있는 꿈들과 상황을 소개하면서 연금술의 니그레도(nigredo)공정과 연관하였다. '원초적인 혼돈'은 하나 속에 모든 것이 들어있는 우로보로스, 플레로마, 유아기의 경험 또는 근원적인 자궁의 의미를 가지며 창조의 전조이기도 하지만 심연(abyss)에 갇힌 경험이 될 수 있다는 점을 관련된다고 보는 꿈과 상황을 함께 논한다. '천지개벽(분리)'은 무의식적인 내용이 의식이 되기 전에 의식의 문턱을 건드릴 때 두 개로 쪼개지는 것과 관련되고 의식의 진보가 있을 때 나타난다고 보면서 관련신화로서 '천지에 간극이 생겨서 만들어지는 세상', '천상의 존재가 지상으로 내려와 만들어지는 세상', '산 이동 설화'를 소개하고 각 신화가 가지는 심리학적 의미를 관련 사례와 함께 논한다. 관련문헌을 토대로 천지분리가 자체적으로 일어난다는 것과 창조자의 외로움, 불안함 등 정서적인 부분이 개입한다는 것, 그리고 지연된 분리가 크레아투라(creatur 창조물)의 죽음이 되고 성급한 분리가 천재 혼돈의 죽음이 된다는 것이 임상에서 시사하는 바를 논한다. '천지개벽'을 연금술의 분리(separatio)공정과 연관하면서 흑암/혼돈/무의식에서 빛/의식성을 획득해 가는 과정과 동일하다고 보았다. '육지 창조'는 무의식의 내용물이 자아의 영역으로 구체화되는 의식성의 출현을 의미하며. 관련 신화로서 메르쿠리우스 영의 육화라고 볼 수 있는 '괴물/거신의 몸이 육지가 되는 신화', '흙을 가지고 오는 등 창조자의 부단한 노력으로 만들어지는 육지'와 '저절로 만들어지는 육지'에 관련되는 신화와 관련 사례를 소개한다. '육지 창조'를 연금술의 땅처럼 구체화되는 응고(coagulatio)와 연관시키면서 적극적 상상 및 미술, 음악, 무용 등의 창조적인 작업이 추상적이라고 할 수 있는 심상을 자아영역으로 구체화한다는 점에서 무의식의 치유적 기능을 허용 내지 활성화하는 방편이 될 수 있다는 점을 부각한다. 마지막으로 세계멸망 후 다시 떠오른 육지관련 신화를 '자아의 재구축'의 의미로 보고 관련 임상 자료를 소개하면서 분석가/치료사/임상감독자의 무의식이 임상에 미치는 영향을 보여주는 것으로 마감한다.