• Title/Summary/Keyword: Mushroom by-product

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Investigation of Heavy Metals, Residual Pesticides and Nutrient Component from Agricultural By-products Imported as Medium Substrates for Mushroom Cultivation (버섯 재배용 배지 재료로 수입한 농업부산물에서 중금속, 잔류농약, 영양성분 조사)

  • Kim, Jun Young;Lee, Geun Sick;Lee, Chan Jung;Kim, Seong Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.217-221
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    • 2017
  • BACKGROUND: For the food safety of cultivated mushroom, information on the safety of agricultural by-products imported as medium substrates for mushroom cultivation is urgently needed. Therefore, this study was performed to detect the presence of heavy metals, residual pesticides, and nutrient component in the imported medium substrates. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six kinds of medium substrates imported from nine countries from 2015 to 2017 were investigated. A mercury analyzer MA-2000 and an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer OPTIMA 7000DV were used to analyze mercury, lead, arsenic, copper, nickel and cadmium. All of these heavy metals were detected at lower level than heavy metal tolerance standard level of by-product fertilizer in Korea. When 246 kinds of residual pesticides were examined by GC and HPLC, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and carbendazim were detected from Egyptian beet pulp, Indian cottonseed meal and cottonseed hull, respectively. The content of nutrient components (water, crude ash, crude fat, crude protein and crude fiber) varied among imported countries and the medium substrates. CONCLUSION:The presence of heavy metals and residual pesticides in imported medium substrates for mushroom cultivation was confirmed. For the safe production of mushroom, this study shows that imported medium materials for mushroom cultivation need to be managed through continuous monitoring.

Effect of agricultural and spent mushroom substrate on the mycelial growth of Trametes versicolor (농산부산물과 버섯 수확 후 배지가 구름버섯의 균사생장에 미치는 영향)

  • Chang, Hyun-You;Moon, Bu-Gyeong;Seo, Geum-Hui;Lee, Yong kuk
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.21-24
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    • 2017
  • In this study, the effect of different substrates of agricultural by-products on the mycelial growth rate and density of Trametes versicolor (Turkeytail mushroom) was analyzed. We found that pepper stem and rice bran with a mixing ratio of 9:1(v/v) produced the best mycelial growth of 101 mm in 10 days, while a mixing ratio of 8:2 resulted in mycelial growth of 83 mm in 10 days. The control group treated with a 9:1 mixing ratio of oak sawdust and rice bran (v/v) produced mycelial growth of 74 mm in 10 days. The following results are in the order of beanstalk, sesame stem, and perilla stem. After the harvest of the mushrooms, the mycelial growth rate and the density of T. versicolor in each substrate were as follows the group with waste substrate of Pleurotus eryngii and rice bran with a mixing ratio of 9:1(v/v) produced the best result of 76 mm in days, while a mixing ratio of 8:2 produced of 61 mm in 10 days. The control group with a 9:1 ratio of oak sawdust and rice bran produced mycelia of 74 mm in 10 days, while a mixing ratio of 8:2 resulted in mycelia of 59 mm in10 days.

Biologics For The Protection Of Forests On The Basis Of Mushroom Phlebiopsis Gigantea With Deep Cultivation On Alcohol Stillage Production

  • Kuznetsov, Ilya
    • The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.6-11
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    • 2018
  • In the Republic of Belarus as well as in the world acute problem of protecting forests from diseases and pests. The damage caused by root rot is essential, therefore, the problem of forest protection is an urgent task. The biologics has the greatest prospects in according with traditional methods of struggle. Deep method of cultivation of a mushroom Phlebiopsis gigantea with use of nutrient mediums on the basis of ethanol stillage and its components (fugat) is researched. Feasibility of use stillage as raw materials in production of a biological product for the wood protection against root decay is shown. The effect of different additives (sawdust, fodder yeast) on the accumulation of reactive biological product - oidy has been studed It was determined that the deep cultivation using sawdust of the highest accumulation oidy (1.5 $10^6units/ml$). It was also found that the stillage is the best breeding ground for fungus biomass accumulation (7.9 9.8 g / l) versus fugat (6.0 6.6 g / l). On the basis of research work the technological scheme for production of a biological product were developed. Based on the conducted studies, a technological scheme was proposed for obtaining a biological preparation by deep cultivation of the fungus Phlebiopsis gigantea.

Cytotoxic Ergosterol Derivatives from the Mushroom Naematoloma fasciculare

  • Kim, Ki Hyun;Choi, Sang Un;Noh, Hyung Jun;Zee, Okpyo;Lee, Kang Ro
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.76-79
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    • 2014
  • In our ongoing search for structurally interesting and biologically active metabolites from Korean wild mushrooms, bioassay-guided fractionation and a chemical investigation of the MeOH extracts of the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Naematoloma fasciculare resulted in the isolation of three ergosterol derivatives, (22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-diene-$3{\beta}$,$5{\alpha}$,$6{\beta}$,$9{\alpha}$-tetrol (1), (22E,24R)-$5{\alpha}$,$8{\alpha}$-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diene-$3{\beta}$-ol 3-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (2), and (22E,24R)-$5{\alpha}$,$8{\alpha}$-epidioxyergosta-6,9,22-triene-$3{\beta}$-ol 3-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (3). The structures of 1 - 3 were determined by comparison of their spectroscopic and physical data with reported values. The isolated steroid derivatives 1 and 3 were reported for the first time from this mushroom. Compounds 1 - 3 were tested for their cytotoxic activities against four human cancer cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15).

Isolation and Characterization of Surfactin-producing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YJ07 from Spent Mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) Substrates (새송이버섯 수확 후 배지로부터 surfactin 생성 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YJ07의 분리 및 특성)

  • Shin, Pyung Gyun;Yoo, Young Bok;Cho, Yong Un;Cho, Soo Jeong
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.180-185
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    • 2011
  • Spent mushroom substrates (SMS) is a by-product remaining after a crop of mushrooms. About four surfactin-producing strains were isolated from SMS (Pleurotus eryngii). Among of them, one isolate, which designated to YJ07, potentially showed the antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceous producing mycotoxin on PDA medium. The biochemical characteristics of the strain YJ07 was similar with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by Bacillus ID kit and VITEK 2 system. Comparative 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis of the strain YJ07 also showed that the strain YJ07 was most closely related to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with sequence similarity of 99.5%. On the basis of their biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic distinctiveness, the strain YJ07 was classified within the genus Bacillus as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YJ07. The antifungal compound from B. amyloliquefaciens YJ07 was similar to lipopeptide surfactin from Bacillus subtilis by TLC and HPLC analysis.

Fruiting body productivity of Grifola frondosa by various primordium formation methods (잎새버섯 병재배시 발생방법에 따른 자실체 생산성)

  • Kim, Jeong-Han;Kang, Young-Ju;Jeon, Dae-Hoon;Jang, Myung-Jun;Chi, Jeong-Hyun
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.86-89
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    • 2018
  • To develop Grifola frondosa as a new commercial product, we investigated the optimal primordium formation method for bottle cultivation. Primordium formation was initiated on the sixth day in all treatments, but in the T7 treatment, which consisted of removing old spawn and turning the bottle upside-down, was initiated on the ninth day. The ratio of primordium formation was at its highest value, 98.9%, in T3 and T7. Among the treatments, T7 produced the highest quality fruiting bodies and a mushroom yield of 112.8 g in each 850 mL bottle, but its crop cycle time was somewhat longer than those of the other treatments. These results indicate that appropriate methods for primordium formation in bottle culture could enhance mushroom quality and productivity.

Sawdust Substitution in Growth Medium of Oyster Mushroom for Using Its By-product Spent Mushroom Substrates as Ruminant Feed (수확 후 배지의 가축 사료화를 위한 느타리 생육배지 톱밥 대체재료 선발 연구)

  • Kim, Jeong-Han;Jang, Myoung-Jun
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.407-414
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    • 2020
  • To replace the sawdust in the growth medium of oyster mushroom to utilize its by-product spent mushroom substrates (SMS) as feed for ruminant, we performed cultivation test using cotton seed hull pellet (CSHP), corn stalk pellet (CSP), corncob (CC), and analyzed the feed chemical properties of those SMS. As a result of cultivation test, CC and CSHP treatment took 27 days for spawn run, 4 days for primordium formation, and 3 days for development fruiting bodies, resulting in a total cultivation period of 34 days. The yield per bottle was 134 g for CC treatment, similar to 130 g for control, while CSHP treatment (112 g) and CSP treatment (68 g) were lower than that of control. The highest biological efficiency (BE) was shown in CC treatment as 80.1%, which was 11.4% higher than 68.7% of control. The SMS of CC treatment had a relatively low content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, and in particular, lignin content was the lowest and crude protein content was the highest among other treatments. Therefore, CC as a substitute material for sawdust was capable of stable mushroom production and excellent nutritional value as a feed for its by-products.

Spent Wheat Straw Compost of Agaricus bisporus Mushroom as Ruminant Feed

  • Fazaeli, H.;Masoodi, A.R. Talebian
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.845-851
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    • 2006
  • Spent compost wheat straw is an available by-product from edible mushroom production, which constitutes a potential pollutant and is cost effective for disposal. This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value as ruminant feed of spent wheat straw compost from Agaricus bisporus mushroom production. The compost was provided from a mushroom farm, the casing soil was removed from the whole compost, and then it was sun dried and sampled for chemical analysis. An experiment was conducted, in which four wheat straw-based diets comprising control (I), 10% spent straw (II), 20% spent straw (III) and 30% spent straw (IV) were tested in a cross-over design using 8 sheep. Dry matter intake (DMI) was 74.0, 73.8, 70.2 and 57.1 and organic matter intake (OMI) was 62.7, 63.4, 58.0 and 44.4 g per kg $BW^{0.75}$ for diets I, II, III and IV, respectively, which, were significantly (p<0.05) lower for diet IV. Digestible OMI was respectively 33.1, 32.6, 30.6 and, 20.2 g per kg $BW^{0.75}$ on the four diets which were significantly (p<0.05) different between the treatments. Inclusion of spent compost straw up to 20% of the diet did not affect the digestibility of DM, OM, CF, ADF and NDF, but the diet containing 30% compost straw had statistically (p<0.05) lower digestibilities. Nitrogen balance was also significantly (p<0.05) different between the treatments.

Effects of Replacing Mushroom By-product with Tofu By-product on the Chemical Composition, Microbes, and Rumen Fermentation Indices of Fermented Diets (두부비지의 버섯 폐배지 대체 수준이 발효사료의 영양소 함량, 미생물 성상 및 반추위 내 발효특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Joo, Young-Ho;Jeong, Hui-Han;Kim, Dong-Hyeon;Lee, Hyuk-Jun;Lee, Seong-Shin;Kim, Sang-Bum;Kim, Sam-Churl
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.651-659
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    • 2017
  • This study aimed to estimate the effects of replacing Mushroom By-Product (MBP) with Tofu By-Product (TBP) on the chemical composition, microbes, and rumen fermentation indices of Fermented Diets (FDs). The basal diet was formulated using MBP, TBP, rice bran, molasses, and inoculants. The MBP in the basal diet was replaced with TBP at 0, 5, and 10% on Dry Matter (DM) basis for the experimental diets. The experimental diets were fermented at $39^{\circ}C$ for 144 h. Chemical composition, pH, microbes, and rumen fermentation indices of the FDs were analyzed. With increasing TBP replacement, crude protein content of FDs increased (L, P < 0.001), whereas crude ash content decreased (L, P = 0.002). Lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis contents in the TBP-replaced FDs were higher than those in the control (P < 0.05), whereas pH level and mold count were lower (P < 0.05). With increasing TBP replacement, in vitro rumen digestibility of DM (L, P = 0.053) and neutral detergent fiber (L, P = 0.024) increased, wheres rumen pH changed (P = 0.026) quadratically. Rumen total volatile fatty acid (L, P = 0.001) and iso-butyrate contents (Q, P = 0.003) increased with increasing TBP replacement. In conclusion, this study indicates that the replacement of MBP with TBP could improve the quality of FD.

Development of a CAPS marker for the identification of the Lentinula edodes cultivar, 'Sanmaru 2ho' (표고버섯 품종 '산마루2호'를 구분할 수 있는 CAPS marker 개발)

  • Moon, SuYun;Lee, Hwa-Yong;Ka, Kang-Hyeon;Koo, Chang-Duck;Ryu, HoJin
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.51-56
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    • 2018
  • In Korea, the oak mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is highly preferred by consumers in the food industry and makes up about 97.7% of the total forest mushroom production. This indicates that the oak mushroom is an important non-timber forest product in Korea. Recently, the breeding and development of new cultivars of L. edodes have been actively initiated, and the development of molecular markers that are able to identify and discriminate the new cultivars is crucial for protecting the breeder's rights. This study was carried out to develop a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker for the identification and discrimination of a new cultivar, Sanmaru 2ho from the 37 other oak mushroom cultivars. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified at the $1,803,483^{rd}$ position of scaffold2 in the genome of Sanmaru 2ho. The amplified DNA containing the SNP of Sanmaru 2ho was uniquely not cleaved by the restriction enzyme, Hha I, and thus Sanmaru 2ho was successfully distinguished from the other oak mushroom cultivars.