• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.67-76
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this review is to investigate the domestic and foreign studies of pediatric Chuna treatment and propose the directions of future studies and clinical applications. Methods We searched for the study at RISS, KISS, DBPIA, Pubmed, CNKI by keywords, '추나', 'Osteopathic', 'Chiropractic', 'Manipulation', '推拿', '導引', '按摩', After 2010. Results 1. Selected 3 domestic studies were categorized as 1 survey study and 2 case reports. Selected 41 foreign studies from Pubmed were categorized as 15 systemic reviews, 8 survey studies, 12 case reports and 6 control studies. Selected 82 foreign studies from CNKI were categorized as 10 systemic reviews, 22 case reports and 50 control studies. 2. 2 clinical domestic studies researched on idiopathic Scoliosis. The foreign clinical studies from Pubmed are 18 cases, and those studies were categorized into Premature baby care (3), Infant colic (2), ADHD (2), Congenital talipes equinovarus (1), Somatic dysfuntion (1), Nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly (1), Conversion disorder (1), Lower back pain (1), Chronic bilateral dorsal foot pain and stiffness (1), plantar fasciitis (1), Migraine headaches (1), Cyclic vomiting syndrome (1), Acute otitis media (1) and Cerebral palsy (1). The other 72 foreign clinical studies were from CNKI, and they studied 39 different diseases. Systematically, they studied about digestive diseases (25), respiratory diseases (20), fever (6), musculoskeletal diseases (5), nervous system diseases (5), dermatology diseases (2) and other disease states. The Chuna treatment was used in variety of studies. 3. 2 clinical domestic studies adopted techniques of Osteopathy Chuna. The foreign clinical studies from Pubmed adopted techniques of Osteopathic manipulation (10) and Chiropractic manipulation (8). The other foreign clinical studies from CNKI adopted techniques of Acupressure (69), Abdominal manipulation (23), Spinal manipulation (21), Thoracic manipulation (11), Traction manipulation (2), Muscular manipulation (2), Squeezing Sha manipulation (1), Spine correction (1), Joint manipulation (1) and Fascia manipulation (1). Conclusions In addition to musculoskeletal disorders, variety of pediatric diseases could be treated with Chuna treatment instead of acupuncture.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2016

Objectives Our goal was to review literatures on tool-based manipulation for musculoskeletal diseases with emphasis on guasha and IASTM (Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Manipulation) by searching foreign and domestic controlled trials. Methods We found literatures published up to August 2016 in electronic databases (OASIS, KoreaMed, KMbase, NDSL, RISS, KISS, MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) without any limitations on language. Results 17 studies were included in the review. 13 out of 17 articles were published within this decade. VAS was the main evaluation tool for most of the articles (14 out of 17). 10 studies showed statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. In terms of materials used for treatment, 6 out of 17 studies used stainless steel. Considering anatomical locations for treatment, trunk area was treated the most, accounting for 7 out of 17 studies. Conclusions Our results show that recently, research on tool-based manipulation treatments for musculoskeletal diseases are actively being performed. Diseases of the vertebral column were the main target for tool-based manipulation treatments, and stainless steel was the most popular and safe material used. Further research should be performed for more accurate data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.139-146
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• 2006

Purpose : This study is to understand the reactive oxygen which is expected to be a causative factor of aging condition including dementia, atherosclerosis, even cancer. Methods : The reactive oxygen is generated usually when people do very hard exercise or is under severe stressful situation or in unhealthy environment and as a protective reaction to reactive oxygen, human body releases antioxidant enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathion-S-transferase (GST) and non-enzymetic antioxidant systems like glutathione, ascorbate, $\beta$-carotene, vitimin E. Results : Nowadays, we are getting more interested in the generation of reactive oxygen especially in the area of physical education, food and nutrition, alternative medicine etc. Conclusion : The study of reactive oxygen in patients with musculoskeletal disease is also required and among various physical therapeutic approaches, the method of general coordinative manipulation is considered more necessary.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend and indication of clinical research about Visceral Chuna Manipulation and to suggest the direction of further study. Methods We searched 9 electronic databases (MEDLINE Pubmed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CiNii, CNKI, KMbase, OASIS, NDSL, KISS) using the search terms "visceral manipulation", "visceral manual therapy" and identified relevant literature that investigated visceral manipulation as a intervention for various subjects. Results Among 142 studies were searched and screened, 16 met designated criteria. Visceral Chuna Manipulation showed the effectiveness in musculoskeletal disease, digestive disease, psychiatry, obstetrics, circulatory and oncology. Conclusions This study shows possibility of Visceral Chuna Manipulation as a treatment for many diseases. Better designed further study is necessary to establish the evidence of clinical efficacy of visceral manipulation and to suggest standard of techniques and treatment protocols for diverse patients.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.33-43
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• 2023

Objectives : Floating acupuncture (FA) is a kind of newly developed acupuncture technique that contains its own apparatus. The technique has unique points that the body of the acupuncture needle stays intradermal space and manipulation is performed by shaking the needle horizontally; after manipulation, part of the needle remained in the intradermal space for 2~3 days. FA is not a common acupuncture methodology while various clinical study claims its efficacy on musculoskeletal disorders. In this study, the authors aimed to enhance the use of FA by comparing related theories. Methods : The authors reviewed classics, books, and articles related to FA, Meridian Muscle (MM), Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS), and Wrist-Ankle Acupuncture (WAA), and compared its characteristics by related theory, related symptoms, apparatus, and performing procedures. Results : FA was related and had various common parts with MM, MPS, and WAA, however, there were unique parts in the manipulation, apparatus, and stimulation location. FA is based on MM and MPS which pointing 'ashi points' or 'trigger points' as a treating target while FA does not stimulate the points directly. FA also targets subcutaneous space by inserting the needle horizontally as WAA does, while FA remains the needle handle part in the subcutaneous area for 2~3 days for more stimulation. Conclusions : FA has a unique manipulation procedure and potential benefit for musculoskeletal disorders despite the crude theological base written by Fu himself. Thus, developing a new explanation and patient-friendly methodology/apparatus is required for further down-to-earth studies.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.125-135
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• 2020

To report the effect of an Korean medical treatment, including Space spinal conduction exercise and manipulation treatment for a patient suffering with spondylolisthesis. Three patients were treated by oriental medical treatment including acupuncture, oriental medicine, Space spinal conduction exercise and manipulation treatment and the results were assessed with a numerical rating scale (NRS), walking condition, and back pain, sciatica. After treatment, the NRS changed from 8~9 to 1~2 and walking condition get better. The patient's back pain and sciatica have improved. In this study, oriental medical treatment, including Space spinal conduction exercise and manipulation treatment was an effective treatment for patients with spondylolisthesis. However, additional studies are needed, as are more and observations of these patients.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.129-144
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• 2016

Objectives : This study aims to review the actual use of acupuncture manipulation in clinical trials and to discuss the directions of studies, to be conducted in the future. Methods : Through five search engines, clinical trial papers were collected, which had involved the use of acupuncture treatment since 2001 when STRICTA was published. The selected papers were classified based on whether acupuncture manipulation and De-Qi were stated. The comparison status of domestic and foreign, status by year, target diseases, and therapeutic interventions were also investigated. Results : 54 % domestic and 69 % foreign papers mentioned acupuncture manipulation or De-Qi. Among them, acupuncture manipulation was used in 40 % domestic and 53 % foreign papers. There was no significant difference around 2010 when the revised edition of STRICTA was published. The use of acupuncture manipulation was the highest in studies that targeted musculoskeletal disorders. Besides that, the use of acupuncture manipulation was higher in cases where acupuncture was used for therapeutic interventions than it was for basic manipulation or combination therapy. Conclusion : Compared to the importance of acupuncture manipulation and De-Qi, there was actually a smaller number of papers that clearly suggested information on acupuncture manipulation and De-Qi. The reason is considered to be a lack of studies to establish the mechanism and effectiveness of each acupuncture manipulation method and studies that objectified the amount of stimulation incurred by the acupuncture manipulation methods. It is necessary to properly utilize acupuncture manipulation by actively conducting these studies.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.203-217
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the high-level evidence of the effects of manual therapy on musculoskeletal diseases. Methods: Domestic databases were searched for studies that conducted clinical trials associated with manual therapy on chronic musculoskeletal diseases. A total of 591 studies published between 2005 and 2018 were identified, with 18 studies satisfying the inclusion data. The studies were classified according to patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO). The search outcomes were items associated with pain and physical function. The 18 studies included in the study were evaluated by using the R meta-analysis (version 4.0). The quality of 18 randomized control trials was evaluated by using the Cochrane risk of bias (ROB). The effect sizes were computed as the corrected standardized mean difference (SMD). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were also used. Egger's regression test was carried out in order to analyze the publication bias. Cumulative meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were also conducted in order to analyze the data error. Results: The following factors showed the large effect size of manual therapy on chronic musculoskeletal diseases: pain (Hedges's g = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.47 ~ 3.85), and physical function (Hedges's g = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.22 ~ 3.08). The subgroup analysis only showed a statistical difference in the type of manual therapy (pain) and outcome (physical function). No statistically significant difference was found in the meta-regression analysis. Publication bias was found in the data, but the results of the trim-and-fill method showed that such bias did not largely affect the obtained data. Furthermore, there were no data errors in the cumulative meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of manual therapy on chronic musculoskeletal diseases in pain and physical function. Subgroup analysis suggests that only the type of manual therapy for pain and the type of outcome for physical function differed in effect size.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the manual intervention and self corrective exercise models of GCM(General Coordinative Manipulation) on the groups bow-knee and knock-knee. Methods: GCM Center of 23 members were divided into the two different groups. 12 members of group bow-knee and 11 members of group knock-knee applied to each manual intervention and self corrective exercise models of GCM. Two different groups were applied to 1 cycle a day for 4 weeks, 3 times a week. Results: The effect of manual intervention and self corrective exercise models of GCM on the groups bow-knee and knock-knee was significant(z<.05). The relationship between groups bow-knee and knock-knee was no significant(z>.05). Conclusion: the manual intervention and self corrective exercise models of GCM was contributed in the Correct recovery of bow-knee and knock-knee(z<.05).

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 2006

Objectives: To review recent findings from physiologic research about the nature of proprioceptive spinal reflex, proposed explanation for mechanisms of musculoskeletal problems associated with propriceptive dysfunction and techniques controlling this problem. Methods: MEDLINE databases were searched using various combinatins of the keywords proprioception, spinal reflex, somata-somatic reflex, spinal manipulation, muscle spindle, Golgi-tendon organ, along with searching the related articles and textbooks. Results and Conclusion: Proprioceptors(muscle spindle, Golgi-tendon organs) monitor the position of joints, tension in tendons and ligaments, and the state of muscular contraction. Disturbed activity of proprioceptive spinal reflex can cause chronic state of increased muscle stiffness, pain, deficiencies both in muscle coordination and propioception, and so on. All kinds of techniques that control proprioceptive primary afferent neurons can affect the motor control system and evoke changes in the neuromuscular system.