• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.727-734
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• 2002

This study was to determine the effect of DHEA administration before, during, and after dexamethasone treatment on body weight and TypeI,II muscle weight of rat receiving dexamethasone treatment. Method: Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: control(C), dexamethasone(D), DHEA administration for 3days after dexamethasone treatment for 7days(7D+3DH), dexamethasone treatment for 7days after DHEA administration for 3days(3DH+7D), DHEA administration during dexamethasone treatment for 4days after dexamethasone treatment for 3days(3D+4DDH), DHEA administration during dexamethasone treatment for 7days(7DDH). Dexamethasone was injected by subcutaneously daily at a dose of 5mg/kg. DHEA was orally administered daily at a dose of 5mg/kg for 7 days. Soleus(TypeI) muscle, and both plantaris and gastro- cnemius(TypeII) muscles were dissected on the 7th day of experiment. Result: Body weight of both 3DH+7D group and 3D+4DDH group increased significantly compared with that of 7D group. Body weight of 7D+3DH group decreased significantly compared with that of 7D group, 7DDH group, 3DH+7D group and 3D+4DDH group. Muscle weight of both plantaris and gastro- cnemius tended to decrease compared with that of 7D group. Muscle weight of 7DDH group, 3D+4DDH group and 3DH+7D group increased significantly compared with that of 7D+3DH group. Muscle weight of gastrocnemius of both 3DH+7D group and 3D+4DDH group increased significantly compared with that of 7D group. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be suggested that DHEA administration before and during dexamethasone treatment can increase both body weight and mass of atrophied TypeII muscle induced by dexa- methasone treatment.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2022

Background: This study investigated the effect of robot-assisted arm training on muscle activity of arm and weight bearing in stroke patients. Methods: The study subjects were selected 20 stroke patients who met the selection criteria. 10 people in the robot-assisted arm training group and 10 people in the task-oriented arm training group were randomly assigned. The experimental group performed robot-assisted arm training, and the control group performed task-oriented arm training for 6 weeks, 5 days a week, 30 minutes a day. The measurement tools included surface electromyography and smart insole system. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and the paired sample t-test. Results: Comparing the muscle activity of arm within the group, the experimental group and the control group showed significant differences in muscle activity in the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius. Comparing the muscle activity of arms between the groups, the experimental group showed significant difference in all muscle activity of arm compared to the control group. Comparing the weight bearing within the groups, the experimental group showed significant difference in the affected side and non-affected side weight bearings and there were significant differences in anterior and posterior weight bearing. The control group showed significant difference only in the non-affected side weight bearing. Comparing the weight bearings between groups, the experimental group showed significant difference in the affected side and non-affected side weight bearings compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study confirmed that robot-assisted arm training applied to stroke patients for 6 weeks significantly improved muscle activity of arm and weight bearing. Based on these results, it is considered that robot-assisted arm training can be a useful treatment in clinical practice to improve the kinematic variables in chronic stroke patients.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.207-223
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• 1993

Inpatients are mostly occupied in bed with restricted activity, nearly all patient populations are at risk for the occurrence of skeletal muscle atrophy due to decreased level of activity. Restriction of mobility is far greater in pediatric patients compared with adult patients since almost all the activities of daily living is performed by parents or caregivers. It could be assumed that pediatric patients are more vulnerable to skeletal muscle atrophy than adult patients, however, there have been no attempts to reduce the atrophy of developing muscle. Therefore it is important to determine the effect of exercise in developing muscle during decreased activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of periodic weight support during hindlimb suspension on the mass and cross-sectional area of Type I and II fibers in developing soleus(Type I ) muscle. To examine the effectiveness of periodic weight support activity in maintaining mass and fiber size. the hindlimb of young female Wistar rats was suspended(HS) and half of these rats walked on a treadmill for 45min / day(15min every 4h) at 5m / min at a 15 grade(HS-WS). After 7days of hindlimb suspension, soleus wet weight was 28. 57% smaller and relative soleus weight was 28. 21% smaller in comparison with con-trol rats (p〈0.05) Soleus wet weight and relative soleus weight increased by 67.72% and 71.43% each with periodic weight support activity during hindlimb suspension (p〈0.01, p〈0.005), moreover soleus wet weight and relative soleus weight of the HS -WS rats were greater than those of the control group. No change was observed in fiber type percentage of the developing soleus muscle after 1 week of hindlimb suspension plus weight support activity. Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the developing soleus muscle were 50.45% and 43.39% lower in the HS group than in the control group (p〈0.0001), type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the developing soleus were 24.49% and 29.93% greater in the HS - WS group than in the HS rats (p〈0.0001), whereas Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of HS - WS group were less than those of the control group, The results suggest that periodic weight support activity can ameliorate developing soleus muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension, even in type II fibers that would not have been expected to be recruited by this type of neuromuscular demand. Clinical experimental study is needed to deter-mine the effect of periodic weight bearing exercise on developing atrophied leg muscle based on these results.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.528-533
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• 1997

Twenty four female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 190 g were used to examine changes in muscle cAMP concentrations and steady-state levels of skeletal muscle ${\alpha}$-actin mRNA during chronic administration of cimaterol, a ${\beta}$-adrenergic agonist. Cimaterol was mixed in a powdered rat diet at 10 mg/kg diet. At 3 and 21 days after the start of treatment, skeletal muscle and heart samples were collected for the measurement of cAMP concentrations and skeletal muscle ${\alpha}$-actin mRNA levels. Cimaterol increased (p < 0.01) body weight gain gradually during the first seven days of the trial period, but not thereafter. Most skeletal muscle weights and the ratio of muscle weight to body weight were increased (p < 0.05) by cimaterol treatment both at 3 and 21 days. Heart weight was also increased (p < 0.05) by cimaterol treatment at 3 and 21 days, but the ratio of heart weight to body weight was increased (p < 0.05) only at 3 day. Cimaterol decreased (p < 0.05) cAMP concentration of gastrocnemius muscle at both 3 and 21 days after treatment. However, cimaterol tended (p = 0.07) to increase cAMP concentration at 3 days in the heart. Cimaterol tended (p = 0.08) to increase the steady-state level of ${\alpha}$-actin mRNA by 60% in gastrocnemius muscle at 3 days but had no effect at 21 days. The results indicate that the pattern of hypertrophic response to chronic dietary administration of cimaterol is different between cardiac and skeletal muscle. In skeletal muscles it appears that the hypertrophy induced by cimaterol is partly due to stimulated myofibrillar protein synthesis at a pre-translational level.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2024

Background: The purpose of this study is to identify the difference in muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time according to a LLD and object weight When subjects performed a lifting task. Design: Repeated measure design Methods: 15 male adults participated in this study. When subjects performed a lifting task, we measured a difference of muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time in the rectus abdominis(RA), the erector spinae(ES), and the rectus femoris(RF) between both legs using the surface electromyogram (Telemyo DTS, Noraxon Inc., USA). When subjects performed a lifting task, the weight of the object was set to 0% kg, 10% kg, and 20% kg of the subject's body weight, excluding the weight of the box. Results: The difference in muscle activity in the RA, the ES, and the RF between both legs when lifting an object was larger in LLD condition than in non-LLD condition(p<0.05). In all of muscles, the difference of contraction onset time was generally increased as the object's weight increased. Specially, the difference in muscle contraction onset time in the RA, the ES between both legs was larger in the LLD condition than in the non-LLD condition(p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that LLD affects the muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time during lifting objects. It can be used as data to prevent joint damage and muscle due to the LLD during work and movements of daily living.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.640-647
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• 2008

Breed differences in adult animals are determined during fetal development. If interventions are to be developed that influence growth of muscle and fat, it is important to know at which time during gestation breed differences appear and are fixed. The objective of this study was to characterize fetal development in cattle of different breeds. Pregnant cows of 4 cattle breeds with different growth impetus and muscularity were slaughtered under normal processing conditions and the fetuses were removed. German Angus, a typical beef cattle; Galloway, a smaller, environmentally resistant beef type; Holstein Friesian, a dairy type; and Belgian Blue, an extreme type for muscle growth were used. Fetuses of each breed were investigated at 3, 6, and 9 mo of gestation. Fetuses were weighed and dissected into carcass, organs, and muscles. Body fat weight was obtained using the Soxhlet extraction method. Fetal weight increased most rapidly in the third trimester of gestation mainly due to the accelerated muscle and fat deposition. The organ weight to body weight (BW) ratios decreased and the muscle and fat weight to BW ratios increased. At 3 mo of gestation, Galloway fetuses had the significantly smallest BW, half-carcass weight, leg weight, organ weight, muscle weight and shortest leg length. In contrast, Holstein fetuses had the significantly greatest BW, liver, kidney, and lung weights and significantly longest leg length among the 4 breeds, but no differences between Holstein Friesian and Belgian Blue were detected in half-carcass and leg weight. Indeed, Belgian Blue fetuses had the significantly greatest half-carcass weight, leg weight, and muscle weight at 9 mo of gestation, and Galloway had a significantly greater body fat to BW ratio than Holstein Friesian and Belgian Blue. These differences were not evident at 3 and 6 mo of gestation. These data show that the profound increase of tissue and organ weights occurred in later gestation in cattle fetuses even though breed differences were evident as early as 3 mo of gestation. Depending on the tissue of interest, impacting fetal growth likely needs to occur early in gestation before the appearance of breed-specific differences.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.299-303
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• 2015

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the changes in muscle activity on the anterior deltoid muscle depending on the stretch rate of kinesio tape when applying kinesio tape in healthy adult subjects. Methods: This study was a single-blind randomized controlled trial, including 22 healthy participants (male 15, female 7) with no pathology or past history of shoulder who participated voluntarily. Participants applied a different stretch rate of the kinesio tape, and the functional activity was tested. The stretch rate of kinesio tape was 0%, 10%, and 20%. Subjects lifted a weight (5% of their body weight) to their shoulder height. Subjects lifted a weight up to an angle of 90 degrees in the sagittal plane, and muscle activities (biceps brachii, anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, upper trapezius) were assessed using EMG (electromyography). Analysis of muscle activity was divided into two parts (lift weight and keep holding). The EMG activity of each muscle was normalized to the value of reference voluntary contraction (%RVC) and explored using repeated ANOVA. Results: There were no significant differences in muscle activity depending on the ratio of tape stretch when lifting a weight (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in muscle activity depending on the ratio of tape stretch when holding a weight (p>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, in the case of applying kinesio taping therapy for healthy people, it was found that the stretch rate of the tape does not have an effect on muscle activity.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2018

본 연구는 토트백이 젊은 여성의 작은가슴근 두께와 위등세모근의 긴장도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 확인하였다. 습관적으로 토트백을 들고 다니는 27명의 여성이 본 연구에 동원되었다. 대상자들은 대상자들의 체중의 0 %, 5 %, 7.5%, 10 % 무게에 해당하는 토트백을 한쪽 손목으로 들고 있는 동안 작은가슴근의 두께와 위등세모근의 긴장도를 측정하였다. 가방의 무게가 증가할수록 위등세모근의 긴장도는 유의하게 증가되었으며(p<.05), 작은가슴근의 두께 역시 가방 무게에 따라 유의하게 증가되는 것을 확인하였다(p<.05). 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 손목으로 토트백을 드는 습관이 젊은 여성의 위등세모근과 작은가슴근에 해로운 영향을 끼칠 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 그러므로, 본 연구는 토트백 즐겨 사용하는 여성들에게 가능하다면 토트백 무게를 감소시킬 것을 제안한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.428-433
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate the histochemical parameters of muscle fibers, and to estimate the correlation between these histological parameters and carcass traits in pigs. A total of 230 crossbred Duroc$\times$(Yorkshire$\times$Landrace) pigs (149 gilts and 81 castrated male pigs) was evaluated. Carcass traits (carcass weight, backfat thickness, and loin eye area), muscle fiber size (crosssectional area, diameter, and perimeter), muscle fiber number (density of fibers/$mm^2$ and total number of fibers), and fiber type composition (percentages of myofibers and relative areas of each fiber type) were evaluated. Mean cross-sectional area (CSA) and type IIB fiber CSA were positively correlated to carcass weight, backfat thickness and loin eye area. Mean fiber CSA was mostly related to type IIB CSA (r=0.98) as a result of the high percentage of type IIB fibers in the longissimus muscle. Correlations between fiber diameters and perimeters were also high, and showed similar results with CSA. Mean fiber density was negatively correlated to carcass weight (r=-0.24), backfat thickness (r=-0.18) and loin eye area (r=-0.27). To the contrary, total fiber number was positively correlated with carcass weight (r=0.27) and loin eye area (r=0.53). Carcass weight and loin eyZe area were not significantly related to muscle fiber composition. For backfat thickness, there was an opposition between type IIA percentage, which was positively related and type IIB percentage, which was negatively related. Fiber type composition of type I and IIA fibers were negatively correlated to that of type IIB fibers (r=-0.67 to -0.74). In the present study, carcass weight and loin eye area were positively correlated to CSA and negatively correlated to fiber density. But, these relationships were generally low. The fiber density was strongly affected by muscle fiber size and the total fiber number was affected either by CSA of muscle fiber and loin eye area. Fiber type composition was much more related to their numerical abundance than their CSA.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2004

To provide reflection diagnostical basic-data by ultrasonography intended for 38 male/female students used by ultrasound imaging system and dynamometer, compared the MVIC and muscle thickness take an accurate measurement of elbow flexor and knee extensor of thickness and MVIC, in confirmity with distinction of sex and then analysised of correlation in muscle thickness-MVIC, MVIC-weight, weight-muscle thickness, it shows statiscally significant difference MVIC and muscle thickness according to sex. Also there is a high interrelation between two. As well as it shows that there is a different between sex in the MVIC of same thickness and MVIC of same weight. This difference will be related with preportions of muscle fiber type in view of the results by preceded research, it needs to be prerequisite analysis of difference in sex with a great variety of ways hereafter.