• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 1972

Superprecipitation of actomyosin has been considered to be an in vitro model of the muscle contraction. The superprecipitation and ATPase activity (which supplies the energy for contraction) are influenced by several factors which are the large amount of changes in ionic strength, Mg and ATP concentrations. But those behaviors are found to be promptly influenced by the change in a small range of calcium concentration which can be controlled by the cellular function of muscle physiologically only in the presence of the modullatory proteins, tropomyosin and troponin. In order to elucidate the precise roles of calcium in the muscle contraction and relaxation, the effects of calcium on the actin- myosin interaction was observed in the presence of tropomyosin and troponin using the superprecipitation system. The results are summarized as follows: 1. EGTA (glycol ether diaminetetraacetic acid)prolonged the initiation of the superprecipitation of natural actomyosin. 2. Superprecipitation curve was declined by adding EGTA at the time when tile curve reached the half- maximum. The degree of declining was proportional to the amount of EGTA added. Especially, upon adding 0.25 mM EGTA the curve was lowered to the level before the protein superprecipitated. But addition of EGTA did not affect the curve after attaining the maximum. 3. Superprecipitation of Perry myosin B was not affected by EGTA added both before and during the course of the reaction. 4. Tropomyosin did not change the response of Perry myosin B to EGTA added at any time of the reaction. 5. Troponin also did not change the response of Perry myosin B to EGTA. 6. Both tropomyosin and troponin together rendered the Perry myosin B to obtain the same response as natural actomyosin to EGTA. 7. It was concluded that actin-myosin interaction was influenced by the minute change of calcium concentration only in the presence of both tropomyosin and troponin. We could reproduce the contraction and relaxation of the muscle in vitro under the presence of ATP by changing the calcium concentration.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.39-51
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to effectively improve the thigh muscles of adult women working from home due to COVID-19. In this study, ten adult women working from home performed 1) an electromyography test, 2) a static balance test on a balance board, and a 3) dynamic balance test by squatting on a Bosu ball four times: before electric muscle stimulation (EMS), after EMS, after high-intensity circuit training (HICT), and after EMS plus HICT. For this test, EMS was attached to a medical knee support to manufacture an EMS knee band that could be easily worn regardless of the location. For the experiment, EMS(electric muscle stimulation) was attached to the medical knee protector to manufacture an EMS knee band that can be easily worn regardless of location, and was measured based on the right foot. The study results confirmed that in all tests (electromyography test, static balance test on the balance board, and dynamic balance test by squatting on a Bosu ball), thigh strength improved in the order of treatment before EMS, after EMS, after HICT, and after EMS plus HICT. The study showed that people working from home or with activity restrictions due to COVID-19 had better exercise effects when wearing the EMS knee band and performing HICT, even in a small space.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.412-423
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• 2002

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of pelvic floor muscle exercise using biofeedback and electrical stimulation after normal vaginal delivery. The data were collected from November 1999 to April 2000 at a university hospital located in Seoul, Korea. Out of 49 women with normal vaginal delivery, 25 of experimental group(with exercise) and 24 of control group(without exercise) were questioned about lower urinary symptoms, discomfort during sexual intercourse and daily life. The maximum pressure of pelvic floor muscle contraction(MPPFMC) and duration of pelvic floor muscle contraction(DPFMC) were measured at pre-treatment, the end of treatment and 8 weeks after a treatment program. The pelvic floor muscle exercise program(using biofeedback and electrical stimulation) was applied to the experimental group twice a week for 4 weeks at the incontinence clinic and the pelvic floor muscle exercise at home for that time and more 8 weeks. Data were analyzed by t-test, $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test and the repeated measures ANOVA. The results were as follows; 1) MPPFMC(p=0.000) and DPFMC(p=0.021) were significantly increased in the experimental group. 2) In the lower urinary symptoms, daily frequency(p=0.001), nocturia(p=0.002), incontinence episode(p=0.016), stress incontinence(p=0.012), quantity of incontinence(p=0.026), straining(p=0.041), and strength of stream(p=0.009) were significantly decreased in the experimental group. 3) Discomfort during sexual intercourse had not a significant difference between the two groups, which was not significantly decreased as time passed. 4) In the discomfort during daily life, activity restriction(p=0.042), exercise restriction (p=0.008), interpersonal relationship restriction(p=0.046), and discomfort of general life(p=0.027) showed a significant difference between the two groups, which were not significantly decreased as time passed. In conclusion, it is suggested that the pelvic floor muscle exercise using biofeedback and electrical stimulation might be a safer and more effective program for the improvement of postpartum pelvic muscle contraction.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.482-490
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• 2022

Sarcopenia, a geriatric and multifactorial syndrome characterized by progressive systemic skeletal muscle disorder, may be associated with many comorbidities. Sarcopenia caused by a decrease in muscle mass and muscle strength is accompanied by the aggravation of various pathological conditions, and as life expectancy increases, its prevalence will continue to increase in the future. During the aging process, chronic oxidative stress and increased inflammatory responses act as major contributors to skeletal muscle loss. In addition, disruption of autophagy and apoptosis signals associated with dysfunction of mitochondria, which are essential for energy metabolism, accelerates the loss of muscle proteins. The pharmacological effect of cordycepin, a major physiologically active substance in the genus Cordyceps, which has been widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases for a long time, is directly related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. In this review, we present the correlation between apoptosis, autophagy, protein catabolism, and satellite cell activity important for muscle regeneration using cordycepin for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Although there have been few studies so far on the use of cordycepin for sarcopenia, previous studies suggest that cordycepin may contribute to inhibiting the age-related weakening of mitochondrial function and blocking the breakdown of muscle proteins. In addition, the protective effect of cordycepin on muscle cell damage is considered to be closely related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, it is considered that more continuous basic research is needed, focusing on the molecular biological mechanism of cordycepin, which is involved in the anti-aging of muscle cells.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 1984

Cells with an epithelioid morphology were isolated from the rabbit myometrium and were grown in culture. The cells had a doubling time of 53 hours when grown in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum in Basal Eagle's medium with 3mM glutamine. In the presence of estrogen plus insulin, doubling time was reduced to 40 hours. Creatine kinase activity upon reaching confluency was determined to be 0.019 unit per mg protein. Approximately 30% of the activity was extractable only in high ionic strength buffer. Cells also contained plasminogen activator with a specific activity of 140 CTA units per million cells. Creatine kinase was mainly BB form. The cells contained a cross reactive protein against bovine smooth muscle uterine anti-myosin.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.214-221
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate and reveal the effects that the complex exercise training consisting of aerobic exercise and strength training(sit up, push up) that everyone can easily practice regardless of a time and a place in order to manage practically the physical strength of the aged affects the difference on their body composition and the change of physical fitness level. Looking into the change of body composition of an experimental group, the weight of 2.5kg was reduced after applying complex training for 12 weeks and the body fat mass of 2.65kg was reduced. Also, the abdominal fat of 0.13% was decreased and the muscle mass of 1.56kg was increased. For the change factors of physical fitness, cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, balance and flexibility excluding agility showed significant improvement after applying complex exercise training. The improvement of health fitness of the aged under this study was significantly effective to improve specified body functions which had been lowered by aging and insufficient physical activities. So, it is regarded that their health fitness is the important factor to improve the activity competence required for daily life and to lead healthy living by the improved activity competence. Henceforth, it needs to study more the complex composition of several sports, exercise intensity and the frequency based on the previous researches and studies. In addition, it needs to develop the complex exercise training in accordance with various characteristics such as a sex of the aged, an age, a physical fitness level, environment, a disease and the program in consideration of the efficacy and safety during training.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.161-170
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• 2013

Purpose: This study is intended to compare musculoskeletal characteristics and Bone Mineral Density (BMD)-related factors between male and female students in a university. Methods: This descriptive study used self-report questionnaires and physical measurements to collect data. Subjects were 64 male and 67 female university students. The questionnaires asked BMD-related factors such as diet, exercise, mental health, and lifestyle. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test and correlation analysis. Results: The male group showed better back strength, balance, endurance, physical activity, and musculoskeletal health management than the female group. Depression and smoking rates were higher in the male group than in the female group. No difference was found in diet between the two groups. Conclusion: The results suggest to develop gender-specific strategies to increase BMD in university students.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2012

Background: This study has conducted an experiment on 14 disabled hemiplegia (female) introduced from D rehabilitation welfare center, sorted out subjects who will enthusiastically and sincerely follow the experiment for 8 weeks (before-after), and grouped them into control group (7 people), and aquatic exercise program group (7 people). After researching the effect of application of exercise program to hemiplegia on physical function and length of lower limb, we have come to the following conclusion. In case of hemiplegia, we have concluded that aquatic exercise program can aid muscle strengthening and lower limb since aquatic exercise program activates physical function and deep muscle, showing a positive influence on muscular strength and flexibility, and a significant influence on balance of lower limb. This result is considered to make people recognize the importance of rehabilitation exercise when making a program for daily life activity, injury prevention, and treatment for hemiplegia, and we believe that such reference will be proposed as a theoretical basis for application of aquatic exercise program to hemiplegia, and further be a great aid to similar studies.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.258-263
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• 2016

In this study, we tested anti-fatigue effect of Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK). We examined the exercise performance effects of KOK (600 mg/kg) at 2nd, 3rd and 4th week. The exercise performance of KOK treated group was significantly improved than that of vehicle control (VC) group on grip strength (2nd week), exhausted time of treadmill (3rd week) and exhausted time of weight loaded swimming (4th week). We also investigated the effects of KOK on the change of fatigue parameters in blood, skeletal muscle and liver after swimming exercise. KOK significantly reduced lactate level and enhanced glucose level in blood. Equally KOK significantly increased glycogen in skeletal muscle. However, the glycogen level of KOK in the liver was not significantly increased compared to VC group. These results show that supplementation of KOK may improve the anti-fatigue activity and exercise capacity.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was investigated to find the approach in the PNF and TC for frail elder Method : This is a literature study with books, articles, seminal note and books for PNF and TC international course. Result : Neural mechanisms contribute significantly to the gains that occur in the range of motion about a joint with stretching exercises. The participation in a stretch-training program decreases tonic reflex activity and increases flexibility and decreases in force production and muscle activation. Also the stretching-induced decreases may be due to a central nervous system inhibitory mechanism. PNF stretch techniques can increase ROM in older adults. These results may differ from those of studies performed with younger populations because of age-related physiologic changes. TC exercise improves balance control and muscle strength and were associated with reorganized lower extremity neuromuscular patterns. Conclusions : The stretch training program of the PNF and TC contribute to increase the balance and coordination for frail elder. Therefore, The frail elder prevent falling. Further study, The PNF and TC be introduced as the new therapeutic intervention for frail elder.